Behavior Of Chemical Elements Research Articles

CHEMISTORY: Integration of Creative Story Writing in Understanding Chemical Elements in Online Learning

This work presents a pedagogical exploration of Junior high school teachers in drawing an integration between creative writing and chemistry concepts in understanding the behavior of chemical elements as means of addressing the competencies of the Science and English learning areas in an online instructional delivery. Titled A SHORT CHEMISTORY, this paper explores the expected skills, challenges, and opportunities in the possibility of integrating the two disciplines as an innovative way of developing engagement and comprehension among learners in a remote platform. Results uncovered that the said interdisciplinary performance task was pedagogically possible despite the challenges encountered by the facilitators and the learners. Adequate foundational knowledge of the lesson and skills associated with the expected output for both teachers and students, and the need for purposeful interaction and collaboration, are identified as the essential skills expected to attain the objectives of the integration. Teachers found it challenging to see the seamless integration of the chemical element’s characteristics in the characters of the story through lack of depth of personification and time constraint. The integrated task paved the way for several opportunities for both teachers and students in terms of creativity, collaboration, and sense of fulfillment.

Uranium in animals, vegetables and minerals: landscape geochemical and biogeochemical expressions of the Four Mile West sedimentary uranium deposit, South Australia

The sediment-hosted uranium deposit at Four Mile West is buried by 130–150 m of sediments yet has a landscape as well as a surficial geochemical and biogeochemical expression of the mineral system. The landscape expression includes exposure of stratigraphy with now-oxidised redox overprinting (including ‘roll-fronts’) equivalent to those in the buried mineralisation. The landscape also includes morpho-tectonic expressions of faults that have been responsible for the development and preservation of mineralisation. Most importantly, this faulting has produced an embayment in the range front corresponding to a down-faulted area on the plains that has hosted throughflow of surface and groundwater and preservation of underlying, chemically reduced, ore-hosting Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments. Landscape geochemical and biogeochemical expressions of buried mineralisation are best represented in U2/Th and selected trace elements, rather than simply elevated U contents in isolation. These associations are especially important for distinguishing between the U-rich expressions of buried, sediment-hosted mineralisation and laterally transported U-rich detritus from the adjacent ranges. The surficial geochemical and biogeochemical expression of the underlying mineralised substrate, with higher U2/Th, is best expressed in regolith carbonates, river red gums and potentially ants and macropod droppings. The mechanism proposed for this vertical geochemical transfer is in part tree-root depth penetration (or burrowing in the case of ants) but most importantly upward groundwater flux. Important groundwater fluctuations are connected to low-frequency–high-intensity rainfall periods that drive groundwater recharge and significantly raises the water-table towards the land surface, especially along faults and fractures near the range front and the immediately adjacent plains. During seasons with high rainfall, this groundwater rise may even express itself as water discharge at springs along the range front. Other media, such as stream sediments, soils and inland tea tree are more closely associated with expressing lateral physical dispersion and re-accumulation of U within the landscape. This study shows that surficial mapping, geochemistry and biogeochemistry within a landscape processes/landscape system context can be invaluable for the detection of, and exploration for, buried sediment-hosted uranium mineral systems, and most especially understanding more about the behaviour of chemical elements in the Australian landscape.

The behaviour of chemical elements in 62 Am star candidates

The behaviour of chemical elements in 62 Am star candidates

Major and trace elements behaviour in two weathering profiles developed on gabbroic rocks in Meka'a and Abiete (south Cameroon, central Africa)

The present work deals with the behaviour of chemical elements in two weathering profiles developed on tholeiitic gabbro of Meka'a and alkali gabbro of Abiete, in southern Cameroon. The weathering profiles were characterized based on the colour, structure, texture, mineralogical and geochemical compositions. Elements mobility and redistribution during weathering processes are evaluated. The region is under an equatorial climate with four seasons strongly influenced by oceanic monsoon in the coastal zone. Geologically, the study area is located within the Ntem complex (Congo craton). Fresh rocks display a granular texture made up of plagioclase crystals, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, apatite, chlorite, ilmenite and magnetite. The profile at Meka'a is made up of a coarse saprolite, a fine saprolite and a loose clayey horizon while that of Abiete comprises four horizons: coarse saprolite, fine saprolite, nodular, and loose clayey horizons. Common minerals are goethite, kaolinite, quartz and anatase. Halloysite is specific to Meka'a while gibbsite and hematite occur only at Abiete.In the weathered profile of Meka'a, organic matter contents decrease downwards while pH values increase. Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, P2O5, Ba and Cu are partially removed from the top of the profile and accumulated in the saprolite layers whereas Cs, Th, HFSE and LREE (La, Ce, Pr) contents increase upwards. Transition elements and HREE are all leached out of the profile.At Abiete, OM content oscillates around 3.5 from the surface to the nodular horizon parallel with the accumulation of Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The nodular horizon shows a peculiar feature where abundant OM and an excellent drainage have induced the decrease of the pH value from 4.5 to 3 with concomitant leaching of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and many trace elements such as REE and HFSE. In the saprolite horizons, the OM content oscillates with concomitant accumulation of Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Positive Ce anomaly observed in the saprolitic set of Meka'a profile and in the coarse saprolite and the superficial clayey horizon at Abiete is assigned to oxidizing conditions in these levels.

The short form of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Chemical Elements: toolbox for learning the basics of inorganic chemistry. A contribution to celebrate 150 years of the Periodic Table in 2019

A condensed overview about the forefathers’ and Mendeleev’s contribution to the compilation of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements is presented. Milestones en route to the modern Periodic Table are ‘electrification’ of the Periodic Law, discovery of the rare-earth elements and the noble gases, investigation of the atomic structure and discovery of the transuranic elements. Then the contribution focuses on the Table’s short form as toolbox for learning the basics of inorganic chemistry. Similarities and differences in the chemical behavior of elements on the basis of full, close and approximate electronic analogies and the kainosymmetric sublevels (1s, 2p, 3d, 4f) are described. A question/answer section completes the article.

Pyrogenic Influence n Geochemistry Migration Ability of Heavy Metal

Purpose. Investigation of dynamics of geochemical migration ability of heavy metals as a result of the effect of man-made loading of pyrogenic origin. Methods. Analytical: atomic absorption analysis, pH-metric; the range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams (CRLs). Results. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behavior of chemical elements in environmental components after the fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. Analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of incidents, which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmic diagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of the technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals takes place. Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic _____________________________________________________ © Буц Ю. В., Крайнюк О. В., Барбашин В. В., Кобзін В. Г. , 2018 environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0,5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude, which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with their migration capacity insignificant, which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil . In a separate group it is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn). Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. Conclusions. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils after the man-made consequences of emergencies of pyrogenic origin.

The mineralogical system: 2D projections and their potential in mineral identification

All minerals in the mineralogical system can be projected onto a plane using four pairs of functions: each pair consists of the InfEnt function and one of four Qual functions. InfEnt is the information entropy (a function of the stoichiometry of a mineral formula), and Qual _1 … Qual _4 are different but related functions of the atomic numbers of the elements present. The InfEnt vs. Qual plots for mineral groups or for the whole system offer a new insight into the behavior of chemical elements in minerals. They also permit plotting of scalar physical properties as a third dimension. The InfEnt and Qual data for 4872 mineral end-members are stored in a file that can be searched and used to identify unidentified or new mineral phases.

Contrasting geochemistry of magmatic and secondary zircons

The intensity of the redistribution of trace elements in zircons significantly varies depending on the types of secondary processes affecting the magmatic rocks. The Neoarchean alkaline granites of the Keivy structure in the Kola Peninsula are employed as an illustrative example of differences in the variation dynamics of the proportions of certain elements (REE, Th, U, Hf, and others) with the transition from the magmatic to metamorphic crystallization of zircons during Proterozoic amphibolite-facies metamorphism over-printed onto the rocks. Changes are detected in the proportions of LREE and HREE, in the Ce4+/Ce3+ and Th/U ratios, and in other incompatible elements. The data obtained by geochemically comparing the redistribution of certain elements and their pairs in zircons during amphibolite-facies metamorphism and Phanerozoic hydrothermal alteration (literature data) are used to gain insight into the genesis of detrital Hadean zircons. Certain similarities and remarkable differences are detected in the effects of Hadean processes and Phanerozoic-Precambrian magmatism and secondary recrystallization on the behavior of chemical elements.

Geochemical characteristics of the alteration of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in the Feres Basin, Thrace, NE Greece

AbstractThe Tertiary basin of Feres consists of sedimentary rocks, andesitic-rhyolitic volcanic rocks of K-rich calc-alkaline affinities, rocks with calc-alkaline and shoshonitic affinities and volcaniclastic fall and flow deposits. Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks have variable concentrations of LIL elements (Ba, Sr, Rb, Th) and HFS elements (Zr, V) due to their mode of origin. The pyroclastic flows frequently show more or less intense devitrification, vapour-phase crystallization and, in some cases, evidence of fumarolic activity, as is indicated by the presence of scapolite. The volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks display various types of alteration including formation of zeolites (clinoptilolite, heulandite, mordenite, and laumontite) and smectite, as well as hydrothermal alteration (development of silicic, argillic, sericitic and propylitic zones) associated with polymetallic mineralization. The behaviour of chemical elements during alteration varies. Some are immobile and their distribution is controlled by the conditions prevailing during parent-rock formation and emplacement, but others, such as Ba and Sr, are mobile and selectively fractionate in zeolite extra-framework sites. The formation of zeolite from alteration of volcanic glass is accompanied by an increase in Mg and Al content, and a decrease in Si and Na content, whereas Ca is not affected by alteration. In certain pyroclastic flows, there is a significant difference in K-content between incipient glass and altered rock, due to K-feldspar formation during devitrification and vapour-phase crystallization.

Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals In Biosolids Amended Sandy Soils

Use of biosolids in agriculture to improve crop production and soil quality have created concerns due to content of heavy metals that may affect surface or ground water quality. A column leaching study was conducted to evaluate the leaching potential of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cdmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) from two typical agricultural sandy soils in South Florida (Spodosol and Alfisol) with increasing application of pelletized biosolids (called PB) at the rates of 0, 1.25, 5.0, 10.0 g kg−1, respectively together with chemical fertilizer (CF). Elevated PB rate resulted in reduced leaching loss of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni from Spodosol, but resulted in increased loss of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Co from Alfisol. Significant reduction in Cu loss occurred in both soils, which can be attributed to the strong binding of Cu with organic matter from the applied PB. Percentage of Cd loss as of total Cd was 13% – 41%, the highest in all the heavy metals, whereas loss of Pb as of total Pb was less than 6.6%, though the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni in leachate were mostly above the limits of U.S. EPA drinking water standards or the national secondary drinking water standards. These results indicate that soil properties, PB application rates, and chemical behavior of elements jointly influence the leachate total loads of heavy metals in sandy soils applied with biosolids. Application of CF together with BP at a rate higher than 10.0 g kg−1 for sandy soils may pose potential threats to water quality due to enhanced leachate loads of Cr and Ni in Spodosol and Pb, Zn, Cd, Co and Ni in Alfisol.

Re-assessment of chemical weathering indices: case study on pyroclastic rocks of Hong Kong

Quantitative and objective characterization of weathered states of rock by means of chemical weathering indices has significant potential in ground investigation practice. This paper reviews more than thirty different chemical indices and re-assesses their variations along a weathered profile developed over pyroclastic rocks under subtropical conditions. Chemical weathering indices are principally based on the basic assumption that distributions of chemical elements as well as loss on ignition (LOI) content along the profile are mainly regulated by the degree of weathering. However, this study clearly demonstrates that the behavior of chemical elements and LOI during weathering depend not only on the degree of weathering, but also on microenvironmental conditions that control the type and abundance of clay minerals and sesquioxides and thus determine the level of heterogeneity of the profile. It is suggested that signatures of chemical weathering should be used to establish a framework for the interpretation of the heterogeneity level and the prediction of variability in engineering properties rather than for quick classifications using chemical weathering indices.

Behaviour of chemical elements during weathering of pyroclastic rocks, Hong Kong

The behaviour of whole-rock major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) during weathering under subtropical conditions is examined along a profile developed over crystal–vitric tuffs with eutaxitic texture. The intensity of weathering within the profile varies erratically, indicating weathering processes operate over different scales. Quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and biotite are the main primary minerals, whereas clays, sesquioxides, sericite and chlorite are the alteration products. Kaolinite, halloysite and illite-mica are the dominant clay minerals present in significantly varying proportions. Two competing processes, namely leaching and fixation, are the main regulators of variations in mostly major and some trace element concentrations along the profile. In general, as the intensity of weathering increases, Ca, Na, K, Sr±Si decrease, while Fe, Ti, Al and loss of ignition (LOI) increase. Likewise, the intensity of negative Eu-anomaly decreases while the intensity of negative Ce-anomaly and the La/Lu and Sm/Nd ratios increases. In detail, however, the behaviour of chemical elements cannot be solely explained in terms of the degree of weathering. This study makes it clearly evident that the type and abundance of sesquioxides and clay minerals can significantly modify the geochemical signatures of weathering processes.

The behavior of chemical elements in stars

Part I. Quantitative Description of Each of 80 Chemical Elements Part II: 1. Behaviour of molecules in stars 2. Groups of elements 3. Chromospheres and coronas Part III: 1. Terminology of spectral lines 2. Selection of stars 3. Line identification 4. Equivalent widths 5. Abundances 6. Afterthoughts Part IV: 1. Periodic Table 2. Elements in alphabetical order of names 3. Elements in alphabetical order of formula 4. Elements ordered by atomic number 5. Abundances of chemical elements 6. Spectral type and surface gravity as a function of luminosity class. 7. Effective temperature References Index.

Behaviour of Chemical Elements in Plants and Soils

Abstract Neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of the elemental composition of different plants and soils. Variations in concentrations of elements during the day were found. Mean concentrations, standard deviations and relationships between elements in soils and different parts of plants were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of chemical elements in samples from urban and unpolluted areas have significant differences.

Model Calculations on the Influence of Quantum Electrodynamical Effects on the Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. The Chemistry of Element E184

Using a phenomenological model, the influence of quantum electrodynamical effects on the prediction of the chemical behavior of superheavy elements within a relativistic Dirac-Slater calculation was investigated. This influence will be small and nondetectable for elements up to Z = 114. For elements near Z = 164 some changes in the ground state configurations occur but the chemical behavior will not change. Using this heuristic model, it is also possible to calculate elements beyond Z = 175. As an example we have chosen element E184 and are now able to make more valid speculations about the chemical behavior of the element than Penneman and co-workers could.