Behavior In Public Spaces Research Articles

Legal Impact Of Catcalling Perpetrators And Physiological Impact On Victims In Indonesia

This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal framework related to catcalling perpetrators and their physiological impact on victims in Indonesia as well as more effective law enforcement efforts in tackling this phenomenon. The focus is on increasing awareness of legal protection for victims and supporting stronger law enforcement against perpetrators of catcalling. In the research context, catcalling often occurs in open public places, especially with the majority of victims being women who wear the hijab. Forms of catcalling include comments, teasing, gestures, and touching. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review study approach. Data regarding catcalling cases was obtained from the researcher's personal experience, supported by journal research highlighting similar cases in Indonesia. Catcalling is a serious form of sexual harassment, with detrimental impacts on victims such as feelings of insecurity and emotional stress. Strong legal protection, public awareness, and more specific regulations are needed to address this problem effectively. With these steps, it is hoped that we can create a safer environment and respect individual rights. In order to deal with the problem of catcalling, there needs to be a synergy between strengthening the existing legal framework, outreach campaigns, and improving regulations governing behavior in public spaces. In addition, the importance of support from authorities such as the police and other law enforcement agencies to ensure that catcalling cases are handled seriously and fairly. In addition, there is a need for a holistic approach that involves providing psychological and social support for victims to help them recover from the impact of the trauma they may have experienced. Overall, efforts to overcome the catcalling phenomenon require collaboration between the government, the community and various other stakeholders. Only with comprehensive and coordinated measures can we create a safer environment that respects individual rights, and prevent the recurrence of catcalling cases in the future.

Bystander Action Beyond Intervention: Video-Observing the Bystander Behavior of Men and Women in Real-Life Public Conflicts.

Previous research suggests that bystanders of conflicts use a range of intervention strategies. Yet, much less is known about other actions-beyond intervention-that bystanders might engage in during conflicts. Further, while prior studies reveal that gender differences emerge in bystander behavior, few studies have assessed the ecological validity of such potential differences in bystander actions during real-life conflicts. Addressing this concern, we systematically observed the diverse bystander behaviors of individuals presenting as men and women in real-life public conflicts captured on CCTV. We observed 67 public conflicts in the inner city of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Using a qualitative approach, we first identified the broad spectrum of actions that bystanders engaged in. We then ran linear probability models to examine the relationship between bystander's gender presentation and bystanders' engagement in seven bystander actions (N = 1,959), followed by a multimodel analysis to test the robustness of these findings. Results indicate that bystanders engaged in a diversity of actions, ranging from inattentive (i.e., glancing while moving) and reactive actions (e.g., laughing) to physical forms of intervention. Unexpectedly, women were not more likely to engage in affiliative forms of intervention (e.g., calming hand gestures, non-forceful touching, and practical help). In addition to physical intervention, men were more likely to react to conflicts by laughing, filming, or cheering. The only type of action that was more typical among women than men was inattention (i.e., glancing while moving). Our results show that bystander behavior in public space is carried out in gendered ways, albeit in a less clear-cut manner than expected.

Search Behaviour in Public Spaces: Insights from Urban Kiosks and the Search Behaviour Test

We investigated data acquired from varied people engaging with urban kiosks in this study on search Behaviour in public settings. The data shows a diverse variety of user demographics, such as age, gender, and educational level. The research found that interaction durations varied, with an average of 16 minutes, suggesting the fluid nature of user involvement. Furthermore, the Search Behaviour Test findings revealed varying success rates for different search categories, with "News" queries attaining the greatest success rate of 85%. These results highlight the need of user-centric design and strategic content optimization in urban kiosk interfaces, therefore improving user experience and information retrieval efficacy in the developing environment of smart cities.

Social and spatial patterns: A comparative study between two public spaces in the city of Quito, Ecuador

The public space is the ideal scenario to analyze and evaluate the correlation between behavior and morphological conditioning factors in the urban structure. This relationship between the behavior of inhabitants and the spatial configuration is experienced as a social result. From this perspective, the success of urban design is perceived from the capacity it has to reconcile spatial conditions with the alternatives it allows for collective relations, from a close and bidirectional relationship. According to urban studies on morphological approaches, from the second half of the twentieth century two formal configurations are recognized: first, one identified as the traditional city layout, understanding cities as interconnected structures of buildings, with the gaps between them forming the blocks; second, the so-called functionalist, whose configuration of buildings includes a free and isolated arrangement in space, generating undefined layouts (Carmona, 2010, p. 77). This research presents a comparative analysis study for public spaces, which combines studies related to the city’s type-morphology and crucial treatises on behavior in public spaces. Spatial and behavioral patterns are evaluated in two areas in the city of Quito, Ecuador: on one hand, a square in the Historic Center with a traditional layout: Plaza "La Merced"; and on the other, an urban space with a functionalist layout: Plaza "La República". The study focuses on the generation of diagnostic information that comes directly from the observation of social behavior and the analysis of the morphological elements of the studied space. Finally, this study contrasts the review of specific spatial conditions of a place with the behavioral dynamics of its inhabitants.

Physical Characteristics Influencing Space Usage and Pedestrian Behaviour in Public Space

Analyzing pedestrian movement in urban spaces contributes to understanding how these spaces function. In this study it is revealed by investigating the key questions: (1) From where do the main pedestrian flows come? (2) How does the pedestrian movement depend on the depth of view and spatial situation?A visual programming platform and a geographic information system software, namely Grasshopper and QGIS, are used for this analysis which has numerous plug-ins for assessing spatial arrangements. Personal observation helps to understand how to do the analysis correctly and, simultaneously validate the result of the software calculations.The location of the case study, Dunaújváros, is a major Hungarian city, mainly developed during Socialism. Its historical background explains the transformation related to public spaces’ usage in the city.As a result of the analysis, the main features and problems of the Városháza square in Dunaújváros are determined, and possible solutions are offered for its improvement. More importantly, the existing methodologies for public space assessments were developed further by including the effects of pedestrian behaviour, which can be used for evaluating any other public space.

A Case Study on Behavior of Performing Art Appreciators in Public Space: Indonesian Puppet (Wayang) Performance Arts and Video Mapping

The presence of video mapping performances in Indonesia influences the behavior of appreciators in public spaces through acculturation. The propagation of Islamic teachings through wayang (puppet) shows had a fascinating impact on the history of public performances in Indonesia. Cultural acculturation can affect the behavior of public space appreciators or vice versa. This situation depends on the adaptability of appreciators with an Indonesian cultural background to changes in the format of public space performances. This change pertains to performance art incorporating innovative technology, such as wayang performances and video mapping. In order to conduct research on changes in appreciator behavior in public spaces, a descriptive-analytic method with an ethnographic and ethnological approach was required to examine Indonesian appreciators' ethnicity through wayang performances and literature studies. Then, it was compared to how the observatory video mapping performance was analyzed, such as Carl Gustav Jung's theory or Pierre Bourdieu's habitus perception, where the memory of previous inherited behavior influences current behavior or individual behavior is influenced by its social experience. This study's analysis revealed that the behavior of appreciators in public spaces, such as video mapping performances in Indonesia, which are renewable with the use of technology, is nearly similar to that of wayang performance appreciators.

The Effect of Structural Characteristics of Design on Social Use and Interaction in Public Spaces -The Case of the Theater Square in Algeria

This paper addressed the issue of the impact of structural characteristics such as accessibility and visibility on social use and interaction in public spaces and public squares, for the contribution of this type of behavioral and environmental research in understanding the social interaction between the user and the space to ensure the effectiveness of designs that are based on social understanding and a permanent response to the needs of users. Where the study aims to lay the foundations and principles for public Squares in Algeria. The methodology is based on analyzing the theater square in Batna-Algeria through the theory of space syntax, and conducting a monitoring and monitoring process to compare the space organization plans resulting from the Depthmap program and the Post Occupancy Evaluations resulting from the tracking of users. The results showed that: accessibility and visibility are key elements in the proposal to design this square. Human behavior in public spaces depends greatly on the structural characteristics resulting from the formation of the environment, as the results show that the use of the square depends greatly on the possibility of visual access through the connectivity and integration of the spaces of the square with its neighboring areas, and the results indicated that there is a strong correlation. The structural characteristics of the design and the user's behavior, and that, it is the reason for choosing the spaces to carry out specific humanitarian activities and practices.

Public Space Behaviors and Intentions: The Role of Gender through the Window of Culture, Case of Kerman.

Urban public spaces are the spatial nexus of social interactions, activities, and expressions. Society manifests itself within these spaces through different lenses such as cultures and norms. The framework and restrictions related to gender-based behavior play a central role in the discourse about inclusivity and equity in urban public spaces when viewed through these lenses. There is, however, a gap in the literature that addresses how culture and gender influence public space behaviors and intentions within a traditional and modern cultural framework. The current study tests whether culture correlates with public space behavior on a neighborhood scale. A comparative study was conducted between two distinct neighborhoods in the city of Kerman, Iran. The two cases were selected due to their significant differences in how women use and interact with urban space. The effects of gender differences and perceived constraints on how residents manifest their behavior in public spaces were investigated. The study further investigated whether gender has a significant relationship with the level of appropriateness of certain public space behaviors and the intention to pursue them. The findings indicate significant cultural differences in both behavioral practice and behavioral intentions among the respondents. Furthermore, in traditional neighborhoods, the findings support significant gender-dependent differences in public space behavior, even though this gap is not apparent regarding intentions toward public space behaviors. The findings show a significantly greater disparity between traditional and modern districts in women’s perceived behavioral restrictions on personal expression.

Opinions of special education teachers on inappropriate sexual behaviors in adolescents with intellectual disabilities

Inappropriate sexual behaviors may be observed in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), especially during adolescence. There are several undesired consequences of exhibiting such behaviors in public spaces, such as schools. The competencies and attitudes of special education teachers, who are responsible for the education of individuals with ID, are of significant influence. This study was conducted to investigate the views of special education teachers working with adolescents with ID on inappropriate sexual behaviors exhibited in educational settings. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 special education teachers. The phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, and thematic analysis were used in this study. Five themes were identified after the analysis of the findings of the study, namely, common behaviors, teacher attitudes, teacher competencies, teacher interventions, and educational content. The findings were discussed on the basis of the relevant studies in the literature and a number of conclusions were reached. Accordingly, the inappropriate sexual behaviors that special education teachers encounter the most frequently are masturbation, undressing, and touching, and when these behaviors are exhibited aggressively, teachers have difficulty in intervening. Participants regard themselves to be incompetent in terms of sexual education and consider relevant educational content inadequate.

Promise Into Practice: Application of Computer Vision in Empirical Research on Social Distancing

Social scientists increasingly use video data, but large-scale analysis of its content is often constrained by scarce manual coding resources. Upscaling may be possible with the application of automated coding procedures, which are being developed in the field of computer vision. Here, we introduce computer vision to social scientists, review the state-of-the-art in relevant subfields, and provide a working example of how computer vision can be applied in empirical sociological work. Our application involves defining a ground truth by human coders, developing an algorithm for automated coding, testing the performance of the algorithm against the ground truth, and running the algorithm on a large-scale dataset of CCTV images. The working example concerns monitoring social distancing behavior in public space over more than a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss prospects for the use of computer vision in empirical social science research and address technical and ethical challenges.

Community Supervision, Housing Insecurity, & Homelessness.

In recent decades, the United States has seen the simultaneous rise of mass incarceration and homelessness. The two crises interact with and worsen one another. Mass incarceration and homelessness are driven by the same structural factors and exacerbate one another in a feedback loop. People on community supervision face many barriers to housing, putting them at high risk of experiencing homelessness in the months following release. People experiencing homelessness are at heightened risk of criminal justice involvement, including violating the terms of their community supervision, for engaging in survival behaviors in public spaces. This paper presents evidence-based approaches to improving housing strategies for reentry populations, preventing homelessness among those in community supervision, and rehousing members of the reentry community experiencing homelessness. It concludes with recommendations for policymakers interested in improving housing outcomes and overall reentry success for people on community supervision.

Psychosocial correlates of face-touching mitigation behaviors in public and private

This study investigates psychosocial factors that influence people's face-touching mitigation behaviors. A nationwide survey was conducted online, and the results showed that perceived risk severity of touching face, and barriers and self-efficacy of not touching face were stable predictors. COVID-19 was related to a higher likelihood of mitigation behavior in public spaces. This study provides important implications to health communication and promotion for COVID-19 and general infection control.

Older Europeans' health perception and their adaptive behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BackgroundAlthough older adults are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 virus, a significant proportion of them do not follow recommended guidelines concerning preventive actions during the ongoing pandemic. This article analyses the role of biased health beliefs for adaptive health behaviour such as reduced mobility, protection in public spaces and hygiene measures, for the population aged 50 and older in 13 European countries. MethodsHealth perception is measured based on the difference between self-reported health and physical performance tests for over 24 000 individuals included in the most recent Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Logistic regressions are employed to explore how over- and underestimating health are related to preventive behaviours.ResultsResults suggest that older adults who underestimate their health are more likely to show adaptive behaviour related to mobility reductions. In particular, they are more likely to stay at home, shop less and go for walks less often. In contrast, overestimating health is not significantly associated with reduced mobility. Protective behaviour in public spaces and adopting hygiene measures do not vary systematically between health perception groups.ConclusionAs health beliefs appear relevant for the adoption of preventive health behaviours related to mobility, they have serious consequences for the health and well-being of older Europeans. Although adaptive behaviour helps to contain the virus, exaggerated mobility reduction in those who underestimate their health might be contributing to the already high social isolation and loneliness of older adults during the ongoing pandemic.

Komunikacja w przestrzeni miejskiej zmieniająca standardy zachowania w dobie pandemii SARS-CoV-2

Urban Communication and Its Influence on Standards of Behaviour in the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic The SARS-Cov-2 virus pandemic made it necessary to implement new standards of behaviour in public spaces. As instruments of communication, brief messages in a generally accessible public space aimed at limiting infections by changing social behaviour. This way, such messages contributed to modifying public space in its physical, social and communicative aspects. The article attempts to capture the communicative and linguistic practices used for this purpose.

Confessions of lockdown breaches. Problematising morality during the Covid-19 pandemic

This paper examines confessions of Covid-19 breaches in two radio phone-ins. The programmes hosted invited experts who were recruited at certain moments in the show to comment on the (in)direct experiences of lockdown compliance or breaches reported by the callers. The analysis focuses on the social actions the participants are seen to be carrying out and orienting to through talk such confessions and disclosures of minor unlawful behaviour in public. A set of features of confessions were found depending on whether personal circumstances could be said to warrant the breaches and the recipients align or not with the warrantability of the breaches. Callers who disclosed their breaches at the first available opportunity, presented them as primarily warranted by a long-term health condition and displayed full awareness of doing confessing. Both early confessions and those that appear later in the narration were carefully crafted. They were mitigated to minimize the seriousness of the transgression and reduce the actor's accountability. The positional nuances of the participants as they share their stories, coupled with their assessment of self- and other behaviour, shines a light on their orientations to, and interactional management of, the moral accountability of behaviour in public spaces during the pandemic.

Rehearsing for the future: play, place and art

ABSTRACT This paper explores the confluence of art, play and places, presenting three case studies enacted via participatory art projects which asked: How can artistic play change our relationship to place? The research was practice-based via participatory art and presents new, ludic cultural practices in regards to art, play and place. The case studies discuss how participants became liberated from normal adult behaviour in public spaces because of the alibi of art and play, as well as enjoying and interacting with the place differently. The artworks were contextually responsive to the specificities of each place, allowing players an opportunity to develop new, positive place-relationships. It also includes a reflection on the political imperatives of play in assisting adults imagining new futures for themselves. The findings of this paper are useful to those involved in heritage or cultural projects seeking to develop new audience relationships with their specific places. HIGHLIGHTS Adult play can be considered a ‘rebel base for imagination’ that helps with audience development for heritage/cultural projects. Framing ‘play’ as an ‘artistic process’ encourages deeper engagement from adults, and this more effective engagement with place. Conflict-based play approaches allows the politics of plurality and dissensus to occur and as such, is more age-appropriate for adults because such work involves complex themes responding to specific localities. Play gives an opportunity for adults to ‘rehearse our future’ in regards to politics, culture and place, enabling capacity to explore meaning within our lives

Using Data on Bike-Sharing System User Stopovers in Smart Tourism: A Case Study

Bike-sharing systems are an important element in development of the smart cities and datasets from these systems are one of the ways to obtain large amount of information on bicycle traffic. These usually contain data on the origin and destination of each trip, as well as its time and duration. Alongside the basic data, some operators also provide information on the exact route picked by each user. This allows researchers to study stopovers, which may serve as a source of interesting information on human behaviour in public spaces and, as a consequence, help improve its analysis and design. However, using the raw data may lead to important errors because most stops occur in the vicinity of bike stations or are related to traffic problems, as evidenced by the case study of Cracow. The data filtering method proposed below opens up the possibility for using such datasets for further research on bike user behaviour and public spaces.

How to do things with signs. The formulation of directives on signs in public spaces

This paper analyzes signs and written messages aimed at regulating people's behavior in public spaces. Based on a collection of more than 700 verbal and pictographic signs, the paper focuses on how the formulation of the directives reflect and construct the authors' deontic authority, how they account for the social legitimacy of the directive and how they seek to evoke the addressee's goodwill and cooperativeness. The analysis shows that the author's entitlement to perform the directive may be grounded in references to institutional authority, or that it may be manifested in the linguistic or pictographic expression itself, such as use of imperative mode, exclamation marks, or threats of sanctions. Entitlement may also be established by providing accounts for the legitimacy of the directive. These take the form of reference to rules and norms or information about benefits of the requested action to the recipients or third parties. Finally, the analysis shows how signs may seek to evoke positive attitudes in the addressee by creating affiliation or by using humor and poetic devices. By comparing with previous research on directives in conversation, the paper identifies request practices that are specific to this form of written communication.

TV News and COVID-19: Media Influence on Healthy Behavior in Public Spaces.

The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our life. Despite the rapid growth of scientific publications about medical aspects of the pandemic, less has been explored about the effects of media communication regarding COVID-19 on healthy behaviors. Yet, the scientific literature has widely debated on how media can influence people’s health-related evaluations, emotions, and behaviors. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between media exposure, people’s attitudes and emotions toward media contents, and healthy behaviors related to the use of public spaces, such as avoiding crowded places, wearing face masks, and maintaining social distance. A questionnaire referring to these variables was administered to an opportunistic sample of 174 participants in Italy during the off-peak period of the COVID-19 outbreak and before restrictions to mobility were extended to the whole country. Results showed that media exposure, the perception of social initiatives of prevention, and moderate levels of fear increase healthier behaviors in the use of public spaces. Perceiving alarming information did not significantly predict healthy behaviors in the use of public spaces. Results are discussed with reference to the previous literature. Suggestions to media communication to increase preventive behaviors during emergencies are also provided.

The ethics of inattention: revitalising civil inattention as a privacy-protecting mechanism in public spaces

Societies evolve practices that reflect social norms of appropriateness in social interaction, for example when and to what extent one should respect the boundaries of another person’s private sphere. One such practice is what the sociologist Erving Goffman called civil inattention—the social norm of showing a proper amount of indifference to others—which functions as an almost unnoticed yet highly potent privacy-preserving mechanism. These practices can be disrupted by technologies that afford new forms of intrusions. In this paper, we show how new networked technologies, such as facial recognition (FR), challenge our ability to practice civil inattention. We argue for the need to revitalise, in academic and policy debates, the role of civil inattention and related practices in regulating behaviour in public space. Our analysis highlights the relational nature of privacy and the importance of social norms in accomplishing and preserving it. While our analysis goes some way in supporting current calls to ban FR technology, we also suggest that, pending a ban and in light of the power of norms to limit what is otherwise technically possible, cultivating new practices of civil inattention may help address the challenges raised by FR and other forms of digital surveillance in public.