Behavior In Everyday Life Research Articles

AI-Assisted Diagnosing, Monitoring and Treatment of Mental Disorders: A Survey

Globally, one in seven people has some kind of mental or substance use disorder that affects their thinking, feelings and behaviour in everyday life. People with mental health disorders can continue their normal lives with proper treatment and support. Mental well-being is vital for physical health. The use of AI in mental health areas has grown exponentially in the last decade. However, mental disorders are still complex to diagnose due to similar and common symptoms for numerous mental illnesses, with a minute difference. Intelligent systems can help us identify mental diseases precisely, which is a critical step in diagnosing. Using these systems efficiently can improve the treatment and rapid recovery of patients. We survey different artificial intelligence systems used in mental healthcare, such as mobile applications, machine learning and deep learning methods, and multi-modal systems and draw comparisons from recent developments and related challenges. Also, we discuss types of mental disorders and how these different techniques can support the therapist in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating patients with mental disorders.

Adolescents’ physical activity during and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of young people living in the context of socioeconomic deprivation

BackgroundAdolescent physical activity levels are low and are shown to decline with age into adulthood. Emerging literature suggests these trends were exacerbated during the Covid-19 pandemic. We aimed to understand, from the perspective of adolescents living in deprived communities, whether the Covid-19 pandemic influenced their physical behaviour and explore their ideas for physical activity promotion moving forward.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit older adolescents (13-18-year-old) living in one of the 20% most deprived areas in the UK, as defined by the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation. A mix of in-person and online one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted between July 2021- March 2022. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and anonymised. Data were imported into Nvivo software and analysed drawing on Braun and Clarke’s six phases of thematic analysis.ResultsThe sample consisted of 16 adolescents and included a mix of genders. The following themes were generated during the data analysis: (1) Physical activity behaviour in everyday life (prepandemic), (2) The impact of Covid-19 on physical activity (during) and (3) Young people’s ideas about physical activity promotion (moving forward). Participants described themselves as inactive, with their activity limited to active travel, informal activity and physical education. Experiences of the pandemic were largely negative, impacting participants’ physical and mental health. Ideas around physical activity promotion ranged from the individual to the societal level.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the Covid-19 pandemic had a major impact on young people living in the context of socioeconomic deprivation. Physical activity promotion efforts should focus on school-based opportunities and the provision of safe and low-cost opportunities in socioeconomically deprived areas. As we aim to build back from the Covid-19 pandemic, supporting young people living in socioeconomically deprived communities should be prioritised.

Daily Limited Future Time Perspective Is Associated With More Health Behavior Within Older Adults.

Cross-sectional studies suggest that individuals who perceive a broader future horizon may be more likely to consider the future consequences of their actions and, as a result, engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, research has yet to consider how this association plays out on the daily level. The present study used daily diary data from a sample of 198 older adults aged 60 years and older (M = 63.34, SD = 3.29) to investigate the relationship between daily future time perspective (FTP) and daily health behavior. Participants reported on sociodemographic characteristics during baseline surveys and completed daily diary measures of FTP and health behavior (e.g., nutrition, exercise, social/leisure activity) across 14 days. Multilevel modeling was used to examine within- and between-person associations between daily FTP and health behavior. Daily FTP was significantly associated with daily health behavior at the within- but not at the between-person level. Counter to past cross-sectional work, results revealed that individuals showed increased engagement in health behavior on days when they reported a more limited FTP. Findings highlight the importance of moving beyond the between-person level to consider how FTP fluctuates from day-to-day and relates to health behavior in everyday life. Older adults who view a more limited time horizon may be motivated to increase that future through healthier activities.

EDUCATION FOR MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN IN A FAMILY WITH AN ISLAMIC EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE

Mental retardation is a condition of children whose intelligence is far below the average and is characterized by limited intelligence and incompetence in social communication. Islam views children with mental retardation as entities that must be considered for several strong reasons. The most basic is in the name of humanity. One fact that cannot be forgotten is that they are both creatures of God who must be respected. Moreover, the mentally retarded child is also a human being glorified by God. Mentally retarded children also have the same degree and social status as normal children, so in Islamic education, there should be no inequality in obtaining the right to education. This study aims to determine that the family is the most important factor in the education of mentally retarded children. This research is naturalistic qualitative. Documentation, observation, and interviews are the methods used to collect data. The data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study indicate that the family becomes a model and habituation of good behavior in everyday life as a positive strategy for the education of mentally retarded children, The family also applies several pillars, one of which is the aspect of faith, the aspect of worship and the moral aspect as the basis for educating their children.

A Collective Fantasia of the Financial Age in Early 1990s China: Erotic-Speculative Sensation, Neoliberal Labor Heroine, and Presentist Worldly Wisdom

When the notion of “finance” reentered ordinary Chinese people's lives since the “Reform and Opening Up,” how were “finance and economics” (caijing) perceived and felt? This essay focuses on the mainland critics’ reviews of the “finance-themed” novels by the Hong Kong entrepreneur-cum-writer Leung Fung Yee (b. 1949) and discusses how “Leung fever” (1992 – 93) provided a medium for a collective imagination of the financial age. Leung's fiction introduced “sensuous and lively” financial knowledge particularly attractive to a financially uneducated mainland readership who nonetheless desired to engage in adventurous economic activities. This essay is situated in the intersection of finance and literary practice and highlights the ways these critics’ interpretations of Leung's novels helped instruct readers in how to feel, experience, and survive the financial age and legitimize the new economic behaviors in everyday life. This new age was first and foremost experienced as an “erotic-speculative sensation” in which an erotic adventure was experienced similar to the financial behavior of speculation. The mainland critics envisioned the figure of “the neoliberal labor heroine,” one who creatively utilizes the intervals to maximize productive value and who performs “presentist worldly wisdom” to strategically navigate life and achieve optimal outputs and success in a disorienting world.

Attachment and propensity for reporting compassionate opportunities and behavior in everyday life.

Researchers have identified links between anxious and avoidant attachments and difficulties with self-compassion, giving others compassion, and receiving compassion. However, while compassion requires both awareness of opportunities for compassion and compassionate action, little is known about attachment-related differences in reporting compassionate opportunities. Further, most research relies on retrospective-reports that may not accurately assess compassionate behaviors in everyday life. Consequently, we collected 2,757 experience sampling survey responses from 125 participants (95 women, 27 men, 3 non-binary, M age = 18.74, SD age = 1.66) to investigate whether attachment anxiety, avoidance, or their interaction were associated with differences in propensity for reporting compassionate opportunities, actions, and emotional responses to opportunities in everyday life across self-compassion, giving compassion, and receiving compassion. Anxiety was associated with greater likelihood of reporting all types of compassionate opportunities and less positive responses to opportunities to receive compassion. Avoidance was associated with less likelihood of reporting opportunities to give and receive compassion and less positive responses to opportunities to give compassion. Those high in anxiety but simultaneously low in avoidance reported fewer self-compassionate actions, but we identified no further differences in compassionate action. This study highlights the potential role of awareness of compassionate opportunities in attachment-related differences in compassion.

Strengthening sustainable consumption behavior in high school students: Evaluation of an experiential training intervention targeting psychological determinants

Designing effective educational measures constitutes a key area of action for achieving global sustainability goals. Therefore, the present study examined a training addressing sustainable consumption practices in plastic reduction, fashion and food. An interactive training was held in a German comprehensive high school with grade 11 students, addressing psychological drivers of sustainable consumption behavior, namely, awareness and knowledge, emotional, rational and value-based factors. The training was evaluated in a pretest(t1)/posttest(t2)/follow-up(t3) design. Final self-report data was obtained from 77 pupils in t1 and t2 and 56 pupils for all three points of measurement. Results of a repeated measures MANOVA indicate significantly higher levels of all outcome variables directly after the training. Significant long-term effects emerge on the knowledge of sustainable consumption alternatives, anticipated feelings of guilt, perceived norms in the individual’s social environment, perceived control over one’s own behavior, as well as sustainable consumption behavior in everyday life. Taken together, results suggest the training to be an effective instrument for furthering actual sustainable consumption practices of young pupils. Its implementation during school hours with regular-sized classes offers a low expenditure educational approach for sustainable consumption.

Your team can make you a better person: Team cohesion is associated with off‐field prosocial behaviour via fairplay team norms and empathy in rugby union

AbstractAmple research has investigated the relationship between team cohesion and on‐field behaviour, while the association between the first and off‐field prosocial behaviour has been almost overlooked. To fill this gap, we conducted a study in a sample of Italian Rugby Union athletes to examine whether: (a) team cohesion is associated with off‐field prosocial behaviour; and (b) the underlying mechanisms of this association. We focused on the two dimensions of team cohesion, that is social and task cohesion, and hypothesized that social cohesion should be associated with off‐field individual prosocial behaviour via empathy, while the association between task cohesion and off‐field individual prosocial behaviour should be mediated by on‐field fairplay team norms. In total, 497 amateur, sub‐elite, and elite Italian Rugby Union players (128 females) took part in this study by filling out an online survey. Results revealed that social cohesion was associated with greater empathy, which in turn was associated with greater expression of off‐field prosocial behaviour. Task cohesion was associated with both greater on‐field fairplay team norms and greater empathy, which in turn was linked to more off‐field prosocial behaviour. Results are discussed with respect to the role of team cohesion in favouring the expression of prosocial behaviour off‐field, thus underlying the role of sport in fostering moral behaviour (also) in everyday community life.

Hubungan Penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Keluarga terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita di Puskesmas Mandai Kabupaten Maros

This study aims to explore the relationship between the implementation of clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) in the family with the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in toddlers at Puskesmas Mandai, Maros Regency. Using a quantitative approach with a correlation analytic method, this study involved 58 toddlers aged 0-5 years who were diagnosed with ARI. The results showed that 58.6% of respondents were male, with the largest age group 0-12 months (25.9%). 74.1% of the toddlers were not exclusively breastfed, and 80.9% were underweight. In addition, 75.7% of respondents did not have the habit of washing hands with soap, and 94.8% lived in an environment with active smokers. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between the PHBS variables and the incidence of ARI, with P values less than 0.05 for all variables. These results suggest that the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding, routine weighing of toddlers, hand washing with soap, and not smoking in the house play an important role in reducing the incidence of ARI. Therefore, health centers are advised to increase the socialization of PHBS and education about the dangers of smoking, as well as encourage the community to apply clean living behavior in everyday life. This study is expected to be the basis for improving health programs at Puskesmas Mandai and increasing public awareness about the importance of PHBS in preventing ARI.

Psychological peqularities of behaviour of a person with various addictions

The purpose of the article is to carry out a theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the study of psychological characteristics of behaviour of a person with various addictions. Methods. The article uses the methods of theoretical study of scientific literature: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and generalisation. Results. A review of the theoretical and empirical basis of research on the psychological characteristics of addictive behaviour of individuals suggests that the problem of addictions is relevant, widely represented and studied by scientists in various aspects. There is an increase and thoroughness of scientific research on non-chemical (behavioural) addictions. Among Ukrainian researchers, the predominant topics are the study of psychological features of the formation of addictive behaviour in modern youth, the influence of the family on the formation of addictive behaviour, urge addiction and workaholism, psychological features of food addiction, Internet addiction, etc. Conclusions. The family system is the basis for the development of individual psychological factors of predisposition to addictive behaviour (attachment styles, the level of manifestation of character accentuations, resistance to emotional stress, etc.) Dependence on psychoactive substances is considered a complex and chronic condition. Due to the legalisation of cannabis products in a number of countries, its availability is increasing. Accessibility is one of the negative factors in the development of chemical dependence. The distinction between non-problematic behaviour and behavioural addiction (workaholism, overeating, internet addiction, gambling, etc.) in everyday life is very vague, and negative consequences for a person's health and well-being can be an evidence of addiction. Signs of established addiction (chemical and non-chemical) are: impaired control over behaviour, prioritisation, continuation and escalation of behaviour despite negative consequences. Until recently, the tools for empirical research on addictive behaviour were mainly developed and improved for the study of substance dependence and were used to study all types of addictions, including behavioural ones. At the present level, there are two trends: the use of existing tools for the study of addictions; development and implementation of new methods for chemical (substance dependence) and non-chemical (behavioural) addictions.

Kurikulum Merdeka: Analisis Asesmen Perkembangan Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah Dasar

This research aims to analyze how student development assessment and character education are implemented in the Independent Curriculum in Elementary Schools. The method used in this research is qualitative research with case studies in several elementary schools that use the independent curriculum in Central Ternate City District, Ternate City. Data was collected through observation, interviews and document analysis. The research results show that student development assessments focus more on individual progress and potential in the learning context. This approach also integrates character education in learning and assessment. Character education is not only through special subjects, but also in daily tasks and interactions at school. The Merdeka Curriculum in Elementary Schools applies a holistic approach to assessment that supports students' personal development. Thus, character education is an important part of this curriculum to help students develop positive values ​​and behavior in everyday life. The challenges that arise include the need for teacher training to integrate character education in learning and consistent assessment.

The relations among prosocial behavior, hedonic, and eudaimonic well-being in everyday life.

Existing research highlights the significance of prosocial behavior (voluntary, intentional behavior that results in benefits for another) to people's well-being. Yet, the extent to which this expected positive relation operates at the within-person level (e.g., is more prosocial behavior than usual related to a higher than usual level of well-being?) while taking into account stable interindividual differences, remains a research question that deserves further investigation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relations between prosocial behavior and hedonic (HWB; subjective assessment of life satisfaction and happiness) and eudaimonic (EWB; actualization of human potential in alignment with personal goals, including concepts like meaning in life and closeness to others) well-being in daily life. Using ecological momentary assessment for 4 weeks, data were collected from two British samples, comprising 82 adolescents and 166 adults. Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling revealed a positive relations between prosocial behavior and HWB/EWB at both between and within-person levels across the samples. In summary, these findings further support the positive link between prosocial behavior and well-being in everyday life. Notably, this association was consistent across different age groups (adolescent and adults) at both between and within-person levels.

The value attitude of a person to their psychological health: approaches to the definition

The article is devoted to identification of the main characteristics that constitute the concept “value attitude of a person to their psychological health” that was conducted on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. Firstly, the characteristic “health” was highlighted which is a state of the body characterised by internal comfort providing various functions of vital activity, creating mental, social and physical well-being that forms the basis of life quality. Secondly, the authors defined the characteristic “psychological health” as a psychological state of internal well-being of a person which depends on the individual-personal characteristics of a human, on their views and attitudes, on the degree of satisfaction of their needs and implementation of their own life plans. It is also seen as the ability of a person to withstand various stresses, changes in life and the ability to recover after that. Thirdly, the characteristic “value” was outlined. It is ideological orientation of the individual which is formed by their ideas of ideals, moral standards of behaviour in everyday life and which determines the personal meaning. Fourthly, the characteristic “attitude” was also studied. It is a conscious, selective, experience-based psychological connection of a person with reality which is expressed in actions, reactions and experiences and is formed in the process of activity. The final characteristic of the considered concept was the “value attitude”. It is defined as a one-sided relationship between a subject and an object when the subject assess the objects of reality according to their certain moral criteria. Thus, on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical approaches, the authors have formulated the definition of the concept “value attitude of a person to their psychological health”.

Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam

This writing will discus the role of islamic religious education in schools in shaping students’personalities. PAI’s islamic religious education is one of the important pillars in character education. Character education will develop well if it it starts with instilling a religious spirit in children. Therefore PAI material in schools is a means of character education. Through studying PAI, students learn akidah as the basis of their religion, the Holy Qur’an and hadist as a guide to life, fiqh as a legal guide to worship, islamic history as a guide to life and examples, moral as a guide to human behavior, both good and bad. Therefore the main aim of PAI learning is to shape students’personalities which are realized through their behavior and thoughts in everyday life. Apart from that, PAI’s academic success at school is also determined by the application of appropriate learning methods.

Veiled to Express: Uncovering the Effect of Mask-Wearing on Voice Behavior in the Workplace.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, mask-wearing has become a widespread phenomenon. Even after the pandemic, people continue to maintain the habit of wearing masks in their daily lives. While existing research has explored how mask-wearing can influence wearers' behavior in everyday life, its effects in the workplace have received less attention. Drawing on self-perception theory, this study examined the positive effect of mask-wearing in the workplace on wearers' voice behavior via psychological safety. An online experiment (N = 291) using a within-subject manipulation of wearing masks supported our hypotheses. This study uncovered the positive psychological and behavioral consequences of mask-wearing beyond its benefits in people's health conditions and everyday life.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Weight Stigma and Eating Behavior in Everyday Life.

Weight stigma is widespread, but the existing literature on its harmful consequences remains largely limited to lab-based experiments and large-scale longitudinal designs. The purpose of this study was to understand how weight stigma unfolds in everyday life, and whether it predicts increased eating behavior. In this event-contingent ecological momentary assessment study, 91 participants reported every time they experienced weight stigma and documented whether they ate, how much they ate, and what they ate. These reports were compared against a timepoint when they did not experience stigma. Participants reported a wide variety of stigmatizing events from a variety of sources, with the most common ones being the self, strangers, the media, and family. Multilevel models showed that participants were no more likely to eat post-stigma (vs. the comparison point), but if they did eat, they ate more servings of food (on average consuming 1.45 more servings, or 45% more). Moderation analyses indicated that this effect was amplified for men versus women. Experiencing weight stigma appears to beget behavioral changes, potentially driving future weight gain, placing individuals at ever more risk for further stigmatization.

Effects of green authenticity on well-being, customer engagement and approach behavior toward green hospitality brands

PurposeThis study aims to develop a robust theoretical framework to explain the impact of hotels’ green brand authenticity on guests’ perceptions of well-being, customer engagement and approach behaviors toward green brands.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors examined the effect of green brand authenticity on perceptions of well-being, customer engagement and approach behaviors toward green brands. For the quantitative empirical analysis, 352 samples were used. Green brand authenticity integrates quality commitment, heritage, uniqueness and symbolism as high-dimensional factors.FindingsThe study conceptualizes green brand authenticity as a multi-dimensional phenomenon with four dimensions: quality commitment, heritage, uniqueness and symbolism. The results showed that green brand authenticity has a positive effect on hotel guests’ perceived well-being and behavioral intentions. Interestingly, environmental values did not have a statistically significant regulatory role, while green behavior in everyday life had a partial regulatory role.Practical implicationsThis study aims to develop and empirically test a conceptual model that depicts the function of green authenticity in explaining customer responses to green brands. The results and the theoretical framework proposed in this study provide significant insights for researchers and practitioners in the hotel industry.Originality/valueFurther than evaluating brand authenticity generally, this study evaluates the authenticity of a brand's environmental protection efforts. As a result of the empirical analysis conducted in this study, the green brand authenticity of a hotel had a positive effect on customers’ emotional and behavioral aspects. This finding provided valuable and meaningful insights for green hotels and hotel brand-related research.

The role of teachers in developing multicultural education of religious tolerance in primary schools: literature study

This study aims to examine the role of teachers in developing tolerance among students. Tolerance is the ability to appreciate differences and resolve conflicts peacefully. Teachers have a very important role in shaping this attitude of tolerance through an inclusive learning approach, fostering universal values, and providing examples of tolerance behavior in everyday life. This research is a qualitative research with literature study. The subject and instrument of this research is the researcher himself by searching for relevant sources. Data were collected through content analysis which involved several steps, such as determining the problem, developing a framework, developing methodological tools, data analysis, and data interpretation. The research findings show that teachers who practice multicultural education-oriented learning approaches and integrate subject matter with tolerance values are able to have a significant impact in shaping students' tolerance attitudes. This multicultural education aims to appreciate and understand diversity in society.

Tanggung Jawab Sosial Sesama Manusia Dalam Kode Etika Perusahaan

This article discusses the social responsibilities of fellow humans in the company code of ethics. The aim of this research is to find out the social responsibilities of fellow humans in the code of ethics. Responsibility of fellow humans is important for everyday life. A code of ethics can also be known as a pattern of rules or procedures for carrying out activities within a company. This guideline applies to all aspects of human behavior in everyday life. Discussions about ethics and human responsibility can be carried out because they can be unethical, and there is a lot of evidence such as currently regarding responsibility in unethical companies. The method used in this research to analyze the social responsibility of fellow humans in ethics is descriptive qualitative research. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a sustainable effort to act in accordance with a code of ethics and hopes to contribute to the development of society and the company.

Factors influencing hikers’ litter behavior in national park in China

The implementation of the litter behavior initiative aims to mitigate the generation of litter by hikers within the hiking trails of China’s national park. The present study employed the extended norm activation model (NAM) to examine the determinants of hikers’ intention to engage in litter behavior within the context of Wuyishan national park. This analysis incorporated three supplementary explanatory variables, namely environmental knowledge, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life. Additionally, three control variables were included, namely gender, age, and education. A survey was conducted by researchers at Wuyishan national park, with a sample size of 466 hikers. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed using the statistical technique known as structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the NAM effectively captured hikers’ litter behavior in national parks. Factors such as hikers’ awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, personal norm, environmental knowledge, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life were found to significantly influence hikers’ intention to engage in litter behavior. The influence of age on hikers’ intention was shown to be significant and positive, suggesting that older hikers exhibited a greater willingness to engage in litter behavior compared to younger hikers. In conclusion, the study provided practical recommendations for improving the management of hiker trash and promoting sustainable development inside national parks.