Abnormal Behavior Research Articles

Anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor autoimmune encephalitis with syncope as the initial symptom: Case report and literature review

Abstract Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) associated with autoantibodies against γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR-AE) is frequently identified in middle-aged and elderly males. The disease is characterized by seizures, mental, and behavioral abnormalities, as well as recent memory decline. Anti-GABABR antibody-associated encephalitis, presenting with syncope as the first symptom is rare. Here we report a case of AE with syncope as the first symptom. A 55-year-old male presented to the emergency department with transient loss of consciousness, initially diagnosed as syncope. As the disease progressed, the patient exhibited seizures, abnormal mental behavior, and cognitive impairment. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with right lung small cell lung cancer. The initial atypical symptoms and the lack of clear imaging features of GABABR encephalitis hinder early diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of screening for the underlying etiology of syncope in middle-aged and elderly patients.

Long‐Channel Effects in Randomly Oriented Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistors

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) have demonstrated great potential for application in highly sensitive biosensors and large‐area electronics. However, research on the electrical behavior of long‐channel CNT TFTs is lacking; thus, the purposeful improvement in the performance of biosensors or circuits is difficult. In this study, the electrical transport characteristics of ionic‐liquid‐gate CNT TFTs with channel lengths (Lch) ranging from 10 to 400 µm are investigated. The CNT TFTs present classical drift‐diffusion transport at on‐state with a carrier mobility of around 27 cm2 V−1 s−1. In the subthreshold region of the CNT TFTs, an abnormal Lch‐dependent subthreshold swing (SS) relationship, named as the long‐channel effect (LCE)is observed, where SS worsens with increasing Lch. The existence of the junctions between the CNTs results in an unconventional density of states for carriers and a large series resistance for sharing the gate voltage; this dominates the abnormal scaling behavior in the subthreshold region by degrading the electrostatic integrity. The discovery of the abnormal LCE can aid in the construction of device models and purposefully improve the performance of CNT TFTs for biosensors and other large‐scale electronic applications.

Early behavioral indicators of aberrant feces in newly-weaned piglets.

Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a frequently occurring health and welfare issue in weaned piglets. Behavioral changes indicating impaired health may be detectable before the onset of signs and could be useful to detect the development of PWD early, enabling targeted and timely interventions. Current algorithms enable automated behavioral classification on the group level, while PWD may not affect all piglets in one pen and individual level analysis may be required. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether changes in pen activity or individual piglet behavior can be early indicators of the occurrence of PWD. During 3 replicated rounds, 72 piglets (Sus scrofa domestica, Landrace x Large White) weaned at 27days of age, were housed in 4 pens with 6 piglets each. Individual fecal color and consistency were scored (0-5; ≥ 3 considered as aberrant feces) six times during the first two weeks post-weaning using rectal swabs. Additionally, using a similar scoring scale, feces on the pen floor were assessed daily. Two methods were applied for behavioral scoring. Individual behaviors (eating, drinking, standing, walking; n = 48) were scored manually and instantaneously with a five-minute interval from videos of the first two rounds, while pen activity (eating, drinking, moving; n = 12) was analyzed automatically and continuously using a commercially available algorithm from videos of all three rounds. Piglets showing a relatively higher proportion of standing behavior one day before fecal scoring had increased odds of an aberrant fecal color score (odds ratio (OR): 4.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-15.3). Furthermore, odds of aberrant colored feces increased in pens where piglets showed more moving activity two days before (OR: 6.14; 1.26 < 95%CI < 29.84), which was also found for fecal consistency (OR: 4.77; 95%CI: 1.1-21.6). Our results indicate that increased standing in individual piglets and an increased moving activity on the pen level may be important behavioral indicators of PWD before the onset of diarrhea. Further development of current algorithms that can identify behavioral abnormalities in groups, from the pen to the individual level, may therefore be a promising avenue for improved and targeted health and welfare monitoring.

A Comparative Study on the Monitoring of Abnormal Power Consumption Behavior by Different Models

This paper investigates and compares the performance of three distinct models for monitoring abnormal electricity consumption behavior: Support Vector Regression (SVR), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and a novel model that incorporates an attention mechanism known as PSO-ATT-LSTM (PAL), which integrates a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with an attention mechanism into the LSTM framework. The PAL model is specifically designed to enhance forecasting accuracy by optimizing the network parameters through PSO and focusing on significant temporal features via the attention mechanism. This design allows PAL to outperform the other two models in predicting future electricity consumption, particularly in identifying anomalous patterns. The study utilizes a dataset with hourly electricity consumption values and evaluates the models using metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the PAL model in terms of predictive accuracy and its ability to capture abnormal consumption behaviors more effectively than SVR and LSTM.

Prognostic Value of Clinicopathological Parameters Assessed During Admission of Foals with Neonatal Encephalopathy and Comorbidities Developed During Hospitalization

Neonatal encephalopathy represents a broad neurological syndrome which encompasses newborn foals presenting a variety of non-infectious neurologic signs and/or abnormal behaviors in the immediate postpartum period. It is recognized as the most predominant neurological disorder in neonatal foals. Prognostic factors can guide clinicians in medical decision-making, aiding in the establishment of survival probabilities. The aim of this work was to scrutinize the prognostic value of clinical and laboratorial findings upon admission and posterior comorbidities developed during hospitalization, assessing their influence on the outcome of foals with NE. For this purpose, the medical records of 61 neonatal foals with a primary diagnosis of NE were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival rate was 57.4%. Most foals presented recumbency at admission, which was associated with higher mortality rates (p = 0.002). Hypothermic foals at admission were 4.85 times more likely to succumb (p = 0.015). The presence of hypoglycemia at admission was associated with higher mortality rates (p = 0.002). Foals with hypercreatinemia at admission had 6.67 times greater odds of dying. The development of seizures contributed to 4.14 greater odds of dying. Foals that developed comorbidities during hospitalization had 40.1 times greater odds of dying, with pneumonia and sepsis being the most relevant comorbidities. In foals with NE, rectal temperature, hematocrit, blood glucose, and creatinine concentrations are simple, quick-to-measure parameters that may have prognostic value during admission.

CUL3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Clinical Phenotype of 20 New Individuals and Identification of a Potential Phenotype-Associated Episignature.

Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autism or seizures (NEDAUS; OMIM #619239) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, speech delay, seizures, autistic features and/or behavior abnormalities. It is caused by CUL3 (Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase; OMIM #603136) haploinsufficiency. We collected clinical and molecular data from twenty-six individuals carrying pathogenic variants and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the CUL3 gene, including twenty previously unreported cases. By comparing their DNA methylation (DNAm) classifiers with those of healthy controls and other neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by established episignatures, we aimed to create a diagnostic biomarker (episignature) and gain more knowledge into the molecular pathophysiology. We discovered a sensitive and specific DNAm episignature for patients with pathogenic variants in CUL3 and utilized it to reclassify patients carrying a VUS in the CUL3 gene. Comparative epigenomic analysis revealed similarities between NEDAUS and several other rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders with previously identified episignatures, highlighting the broader implication of our findings. In addition, we preformed genotype-phenotype correlation studies to explain the variety in clinical presentation between the cases. We discovered a highly accurate DNAm episignature serving as a robust diagnostic biomarker for NEDAUS. Furthermore, we broadened the phenotypic spectrum by identifying twenty new individuals and confirming five previously reported cases of NEDAUS.

SRPK3 Is Essential for Cognitive and Ocular Development in Humans and Zebrafish, Explaining X-Linked Intellectual Disability.

Intellectual disability is often the outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by significant impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning. X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a subset of these disorders caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome, affecting about 2 out of 1,000 males. In syndromic form, it leads to a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, ocular, and physical disabilities. Employing exome or genome sequencing, here we identified 4 missense variants (c.475C > G; p.H159D, c.1373C > A; p.T458N, and c.1585G > A; p.E529K, c.953C > T; p.S318L) and a putative truncating variant (c.1413_1414del; p.Y471*) in the SRPK3 gene in 9 XLID patients from 5 unrelated families. To validate SRPK3 as a novel XLID gene, we established a knockout (KO) model of the SRPK3 orthologue in zebrafish. The 8 patients ascertained postnatally shared common clinical features including intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal eye movement, and ataxia. A ninth case, ascertained prenatally, had a complex structural brain phenotype. Together, these data indicate a pathological role of SRPK3 in neurodevelopmental disorders. In post-fertilization day 5 larvae (free swimming stage), KO zebrafish exhibited severe deficits in eye movement and swim bladder inflation, mimicking uncontrolled ocular movement and physical clumsiness observed in human patients. In adult KO zebrafish, cerebellar agenesis and behavioral abnormalities were observed, recapitulating human phenotypes of cerebellar atrophy and intellectual disability. Overall, these results suggest a crucial role of SRPK3 in the pathogenesis of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability and provide new insights into brain development, cognitive and ocular dysfunction in both humans and zebrafish. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:914-931.

Enhancement of luminescence and thermal stability in Eu3+-doped K3Y(BO2)6 with Li+ and Na+ co-doping

Eu3+-doped and Li+/Na+ co-doped K3Y(BO2)6 (KYBO) phosphors were synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel method, and their structural and photoluminescent (PL) characteristics were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirm effective dopant incorporation and preservation of the crystalline structure. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates the maintenance of the borate structure, confirming the structural integrity of the phosphors upon doping. The addition of Li+ and Na+ co-dopants notably enhances luminescent efficiency and thermal stability, making these phosphors promising candidates for solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. PL analysis reveals strong red emission peaks at 612 nm, attributed to the 5Do → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. The study indicates that electric dipole-quadrupole interactions are the primary mechanism for energy migration, with a critical distance of approximately 22.68 Å. This mechanism contributes to concentration quenching at higher doping levels. High temperature PL measurements indicated an activation energy of 0.1389 eV for thermal quenching in the Li+ co-doped sample. Additionally, the Na+ co-doped sample exhibited an abnormal thermal stability behavior, with an even higher activation energy of 0.2536 eV. This suggests that Na+ co-doping significantly enhances the thermal resilience of the phosphor, making it more suitable for high-power light-emitting applications that operate under extreme conditions. CIE chromaticity diagrams highlight the potential for optimizing Eu3+ doping levels, combined with Li+ and Na+ co-doping, to improve luminescent performance and thermal stability for advanced SSL applications.

Disruption of exploratory behavior and olfactory memory in cockroaches exposed to sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNI) are agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that induce non-elucidate mechanisms of abnormal behavior in insects. In this work, we investigated the effects of sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX) on neurochemical and physiological parameters in cockroaches. Sublethal doses of TMX (0.01–10 ng.g−1 body mass) caused significant alterations in most of the neurophysiological parameters evaluated. TMX reduced sustained locomotor activity by 19.9–25.8 %, depending on the dose. Leg grooming activity increased by 124.5 ± 3.4 %, 158.7 ± 3.5 %, 168.3 ± 3.4 %, and 160.4 ± 3.4 % (mean ± SEM) with TMX doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng.g−1, respectively. Exploratory activity was significantly reduced only at the lowest TMX dose (0.01 ng.g−1) – the time spent immobile increased from 30 % to ~45 %, whereas none of the doses affected the walking speed. Treatment with TMX (0.01 ng.g−1) markedly reduced the olfactory sensitivity of the cockroaches and also reduced the mechanosensory action potential amplitude, rise time and decay time by 61.2 ± 19 %, 50 ± 4 %, and 76.8 ± 9.5 %, respectively. In semi-isolated heart preparations, TMX caused positive chronotropism (increases of 34.7 ± 15.9 %, 26.8 ± 7.8 %, 43.0 ± 16.5 %, and 19.0 ± 13.7 % for 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng of TMX, respectively). TMX attenuated the activity of glutathione-S-transferase by 35.1 ± 6.4 % at the highest dose tested (10 ng.g−1). TMX caused alterations in the metal ion content of cockroach brains that varied with the dose tested and the ion examined. These findings indicate that sublethal doses of TMX can interfere with normal neurological function in cockroaches and disrupt brain metal ion homeostasis.

SH-YOLO: Small Target High Performance YOLO for Abnormal Behavior Detection in Escalator Scene

SH-YOLO: Small Target High Performance YOLO for Abnormal Behavior Detection in Escalator Scene

A lightweight and explainable model for driver abnormal behavior recognition

With the advancement of intelligent transportation systems, accurate identification of driver abnormal behavior is crucial for enhancing road safety. However, the limited computing power of vehicular systems poses a challenge for running efficient and explainable behavior recognition models. This paper proposes a lightweight and explainable driver abnormal behavior recognition model based on an improved You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8). Firstly, a Spatial and Channel Reconstruction Convolution (SCConv) module is introduced to optimize the Convolution to Feature (C2f) structure, enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities while reducing parameter redundancy. Secondly, a Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Fast Large Separable Kernel Attention (SPPF-LSKA) module is designed to better capture image context and integrate global information. Additionally, a Dynamic upsample (Dysample) module is introduced to improve the model's ability to capture subtle driver movements. Lastly, a Lightweight Shared Group Normalization Convolution Detection Head (LSGCDH) is designed to enhance the model's generalization ability, significantly reducing the model's computational load, parameter count, and size. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach has significant advantages for edge device deployment compared to mainstream algorithms. The visualization results effectively corroborate the role of each improved structure, enhancing the explainability of the abnormal behavior recognition model, which is beneficial for deployment in vehicular systems and contributes to improving road traffic safety.

The microglial innate immune receptor TREM2 participates in fear memory formation through excessive prelimbic cortical synaptic pruning

IntroductionFear memory formation has been implicated in fear- and stress-related psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and phobias. Synapse deficiency and microglial activation are common among patients with PTSD, and induced in animal models of fear conditioning. Increasing studies now focus on explaining the specific mechanisms between microglia and synapse deficiency. Though newly-identified microglia regulator triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a role in microglial phagocytic activity, its role in fear-formation remains unknown.MethodsWe successfully constructed a fear- formation model by foot-shock. Four days after foot-shock, microglial capacity of synaptic pruning was investigated via western blotting, immunofluorescence and Golgi-Cox staining. Prelimbic chemical deletion or microglia inhibition was performed to detect the role of microglia in synaptic loss and neuron activity. Finally, Trem2 knockout mice or wild-type mice with Trem2 siRNA injection were exposed to foot-shock to identify the involvement of TREM2 in fear memory formation.ResultsThe results herein indicate that the foot-shock protocol in male mice resulted in a fear formation model. Mechanistically, fear conditioning enhanced the microglial capacity for engulfing synapse materials, and led to glutamatergic neuron activation in the prelimbic cortex. Prelimbic chemical deletion or microglia inhibition improved fear memory formation. Further investigation demonstrated that TREM2 regulates microglial phagocytosis, enhancing synaptic pruning. Trem2 knockout mice showed remarkable reductions in prelimbic synaptic pruning and reduced neuron activation, with decreased fear memory formation.DiscussionOur cumulative results suggest that prelimbic TREM2-mediated excessive microglial synaptic pruning is involved in the fear memory formation process, leading to development of abnormal stress-related behavior.

Pathological study of progressive supranuclear palsy the cases with mutations in Bassoon.

Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is difficult due to various phenotypes. Neuropathologically, PSP is defined by neuronal loss in the basal ganglia and brainstem with widespread occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein in neurons and glial cells in the brain. We previously identified the point mutation p.Pro3866Ala in the Bassoon (BSN) gene in a Japanese family with PSP-like syndrome. We newly detected BSN mutations in two autopsied PSP cases carrying p.Thr2542Met and p.Glu2759Gly, respectively. The case with p.Thr2542Met mutation showed neurological symptoms including behavioral abnormalities, cognitive dysfunction, and parkinsonism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed atrophy of the midbrain tegmentum and hippocampus. Pathologically, moderate to severe loss of neurons with gliosis was also found in the substantia nigra, and there was an almost complete loss of neurons with gliosis in the transitional zone of the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region to the subiculum. NFTs were observed in the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and CA1. 4R tau-dominant tauopathy was detected. The case with p.Glu2759Gly mutation showed neurological symptoms, including right-dominant motor impairment, right limping gait, postural instability, and cognitive dysfunction. Brain MRI showed mild atrophy of the midbrain tegmentum and left-dominant parietal lobe atrophy. Pathologically, NFTs were detected in the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, thalamus, putamen, and brainstem tegmentum. Most neurons were immunopositive for four-repeat tau, whereas only a few of them harbored three-repeat tau-positive NFTs in the hippocampus. We showed the results of a pathological study of PSP cases with BSN mutations; these were two new cases. The clinical phenotypes were similar to the first case in the point of neurological symptoms. Accumulation of four-repeat tau was dominant. Further autopsies of BSN mutation cases and further elucidation of the molecular biological mechanism are desirable.

Calculation and Comparative Analysis of Common Fault Scores for Secure Computers Based on Embedded Neural Networks

With the rapid development of computer networks and information technology, government departments, financial institutions, and enterprises are increasingly dependent on software, and software security issues have become a focus of attention. In this context, how to effectively evaluate the security of software has become an important issue for research institutions both domestically and internationally. On the basis of exploring software definition, this paper not only analyzes the security and potential threats of software in computer networks, but also introduces Embedded Neural Networks (ENNs) as an evaluation tool, and combines Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to deeply explore a new method for software security risk assessment. By utilizing the powerful pattern recognition capability of ENNs, software logs, system call sequences, and other data can be classified and analyzed to distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior. This ability is crucial for identifying security incidents such as malicious software and unauthorized access. ENNs are designed with resource constraints in mind, which can reduce energy consumption while ensuring performance. For software systems that require long-term operation, this means higher security and stability. Practice has proven that combining ENNs with FAHP can more scientifically and effectively evaluate software security. This method not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of evaluation, but also provides a more solid theoretical foundation and technical support for software security protection.

Study on need of monitoring sound pollution at developing urban localities

Environmental pollution is a very serious issue around the world due to development of humankind towards well-being and modernization. It not only impacts health but also affects over all biodiversity. Sound does nothing till it is up to certain limit, as it creates pressure on the particles of the medium, when the limit of pressure is increased, it becomes nuisance. Sound pollution is the one important agent out of other factors that disrupts the living of humans and its ecosystem. It is related with physical, psychological or emotional states. Sound pollution adversely affects the humankind and animals leading to irritation, loss of concentration, and loss of hearing and abnormal behaviour of animals. The present work emphasizes the need to monitor and control the sound pollution in the developing cities to tackle the related future problems, to investigate the status and validity of ambient noise standards in the Indian situation, also to propose need of noise control based on the available knowledge on noise policies and regulations. The study is an approach towards importance of monitoring the sound pollution, its sources and its effects on the human activities or the ecosystem with respect to degrees of exposure in the newly developing urban localities with moderate commercial activities. The impact of sound pollution will increase if appropriate measures are not taken.

Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

The most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative illness in the world is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It results in mental symptoms including behavioral abnormalities and cognitive impairment, which have a substantial financial and psychological impact on the relatives of the patients. The review discusses various pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AD, including amyloid beta, tau protein, inflammation, and other factors, while emphasizing the need for effective disease-modifying therapeutics that alter disease progression rather than merely alleviating symptoms. This review mainly covers medications that are now being studied in clinical trials or recently approved by the FDA that fall under the disease-modifying treatment (DMT) category, which alters the progression of the disease by targeting underlying biological mechanisms rather than merely alleviating symptoms. DMTs focus on improving patient outcomes by slowing cognitive decline, enhancing neuroprotection, and supporting neurogenesis. Additionally, the review covers amyloid-targeting therapies, tau-targeting therapies, neuroprotective therapies, and others. This evaluation specifically looked at studies on FDA-approved novel DMTs in Phase II or III development that were carried out between 2021 and 2024. A thorough review of the US government database identified clinical trials of biologics and small molecule drugs for 14 agents in Phase I, 34 in Phase II, and 11 in Phase III that might be completed by 2028.

Deficiency of DDX3X results in neurogenesis defects and abnormal behaviors via dysfunction of the Notch signaling

The molecular mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) caused by DDX3X variants remain poorly understood. In this study, we validated that de novo DDX3X variants are enriched in female developmental delay (DD) patients and mainly affect the evolutionarily conserved amino acids based on a meta-analysis of 46,612 NDD trios. We generated a ddx3x deficient zebrafish allele, which exhibited reduced survival rate, DD, microcephaly, adaptation defects, anxiolytic behaviors, social interaction deficits, and impaired spatial recognitive memory. As revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing and biological validations, ddx3x deficiency leads to reduced neural stem cell pool, decreased total neuron number, and imbalanced differentiation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, which are responsible for the behavioral defects. Indeed, the supplementation of L-glutamate or glutamate receptor agonist ly404039 could partly rescue the adaptation and social deficits. Mechanistically, we reveal that the ddx3x deficiency attenuates the stability of the crebbp mRNA, which in turn causes downregulation of Notch signaling and defects in neurogenesis. Our study sheds light on the molecular pathology underlying the abnormal neurodevelopment and behavior of NDD patients with DDX3X mutations, as well as providing potential therapeutic targets for the precision treatment.

A method for recognizing abnormal behaviors of personnel at petroleum stations based on GTB-ResNet

PurposeThe abnormal behaviors of staff at petroleum stations pose significant safety hazards. Addressing the challenges of high parameter counts, lengthy training periods and low recognition rates in existing 3D ResNet behavior recognition models, this paper proposes GTB-ResNet, a network designed to detect abnormal behaviors in petroleum station staff.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, to mitigate the issues of excessive parameters and computational complexity in 3D ResNet, a lightweight residual convolution module called the Ghost residual module (GhostNet) is introduced in the feature extraction network. Ghost convolution replaces standard convolution, reducing model parameters while preserving multi-scale feature extraction capabilities. Secondly, to enhance the model's focus on salient features amidst wide surveillance ranges and small target objects, the triplet attention mechanism module is integrated to facilitate spatial and channel information interaction. Lastly, to address the challenge of short time-series features leading to misjudgments in similar actions, a bidirectional gated recurrent network is added to the feature extraction backbone network. This ensures the extraction of key long time-series features, thereby improving feature extraction accuracy.FindingsThe experimental setup encompasses four behavior types: illegal phone answering, smoking, falling (abnormal) and touching the face (normal), comprising a total of 892 videos. Experimental results showcase GTB-ResNet achieving a recognition accuracy of 96.7% with a model parameter count of 4.46 M and a computational complexity of 3.898 G. This represents a 4.4% improvement over 3D ResNet, with reductions of 90.4% in parameters and 61.5% in computational complexity.Originality/valueSpecifically designed for edge devices in oil stations, the 3D ResNet network is tailored for real-time action prediction. To address the challenges posed by the large number of parameters in 3D ResNet networks and the difficulties in deployment on edge devices, a lightweight residual module based on ghost convolution is developed. Additionally, to tackle the issue of low detection accuracy of behaviors amidst the noisy environment of petroleum stations, a triple attention mechanism is introduced during feature extraction to enhance focus on salient features. Moreover, to overcome the potential for misjudgments arising from the similarity of actions, a Bi-GRU model is introduced to enhance the extraction of key long-term features.

The Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Evaluation of methanol leaf Extracts Of Bombaxbuonopozense

Natural products serve as the foundation for conventional medicine and are significant sources of lead compounds for medication research. One of the underutilized plants in West Africa is Bombax buonopozense. West African populations use the majority of its parts for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. The research was aimed at evaluation of the Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Bombaxbuonopozense leaves extract in rats.In the acute toxicity study, female rats received oral doses of 2000 mg/kg of Bombaxbuonopozense extract (n = 5/group). Abnormal behavior, toxic symptoms, weight changes, and mortality were monitored for 14 consecutive days to evaluate acute toxicity. For the sub-chronic toxicity study, the extract was orally administered to Wistar rats at doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg (n = 5/group) daily for 28 days. Daily observations were made on the general behavior and body weight of the rats. Biochemical and hematological analyses were performed at the end of the treatment period. Following acute oral administration, the LD50 of Bombaxbuonopozens leaves extract was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg in the evaluation of acute oral toxicity. Administration of Bombaxbuonopozense extract to rats did showed significantly increase in platelate in the treated group (362.00±23.67*) when compared to the control group (451.67±30.77) at (p&gt;0.05). The liver enzymes, An increase (P&gt;0.05) was seen in ALP concentration on the treated group (216.59±44.29*) In the subchronic oral toxicity assessment at doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day for 28 days, no significant changes were observed in food consumption, body weight gain, organ weights, and biochemical parameters. Treatment of rats with Bombaxbuonopozense extract showed a significant increase in ALP on the group treated with 1600 mg/kg (216.59±44.29*) compared to the control (98.70±13.32) and significant increase in LDL for the treated groups 800 mg/kg (70.76±8.19*) and 1600 mg/kg (71.40±13.17*) were observed when compared with.The current research demonstrated that administration of Bombaxbuonopozense extract orally for 28 days, at doses of up to 1600 mg/kg, did not cause any toxic effects. Based on the acute toxicity study, the estimated median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was more than 2000 mg/kg.

Chronic Sleep Deprivation Altered the Expression of Memory-Related Genes and Caused Cognitive Memory Dysfunction in Mice

Lack of sleep, whether acute or chronic, is quite common and negatively affects an individual’s memory and cognitive function. The question of whether chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) causes cognitive impairment to arise and progress is not well studied. To investigate the effects of CSD on memory and cognition, this study began by establishing a CSD mouse model. Behavioral experiments on animals revealed that CSD induced cognitive behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of Alzheimer’s disease. Western blot experiments further demonstrated a considerable increase in amyloid-β (Aβ) expression in the mouse brain following CSD. Meanwhile, the hub gene Prkcg was searched for in the cerebellum using RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. PKCγ (Prkcg) expression was significantly reduced, as demonstrated by RT-qPCR and Western blot validations. Additionally, CSD was associated with downregulated CREB expression, decreased expression of the endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE1), and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 downstream of PKCγ. These findings suggested that CSD down-regulated PKCγ expression, decreased ECE1 expression, impaired Aβ degradation, and affected the PKCγ/ERK/CREB pathway and the synthesis of memory-related proteins. Overall, this study highlighted how CSD modulated PKCγ-related metabolism, impacting Aβ clearance and the production of memory-related proteins. Such insights are crucial for understanding and preventing sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) associated with CSD.