Behavior Research Methods Research Articles

Paradigmatic obstacles to improving the health of populations--implications for health policy.

While there are promising developments in public health, most interventions (both at the individual and community levels) remain focused on "downstream" tertiary treatments or one-on-one interventions. These efforts have their origins in the biomedical paradigm and risk factor epidemiology and the behavioral science research methods that serve as their handmaidens. This paper argues for a more appropriate balance of "downstream" efforts with a more appropriate whole population public health approach to health policy--what may be termed a social policy approach to healthy lifestyles rather than the current lifestyle approach to health policy. New, more appropriate research methods must be developed and applied to match these emerging levels of whole population intervention. We must avoid any disjunction between new upstream policy level interventions and the methods used to measure their effect--appropriate unto the intervention level must be the evaluation method thereof.

Book Review: Introduction to behavioral research methods

Book Review: Introduction to behavioral research methods

Early Understanding and Use of Symbols: The Model Model

3. D.W. Massaro, Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception, in Cognition: Con ceptual and Methodological Issues, H.L. Pick, Jr., P. Van den Broek, and D.C. Knill, Eds. (American Psy chological Association, Washington, DC, 1992). 4. M.M. Cohen and D.W. Massaro, Synthesis of visible speech, Behavioral Research Methods, In strumentation, & Computers, 22, 260-263 (1990); M.M. Cohen and D.W. Massaro, Modeling coartic ulation in synthetic visual speech, in Models and Techniques in Computer Animation, N.M. Thal mann and D. Thalmann, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, To kyo, 1993); M.M. Cohen and D.W. Massaro, De velopment and experimentation with synthetic visible speech, Behavioral Research Methods, In strumentation, & Computers, 26, 260-265 (1994); F.l. Parke, A model for human faces that allows speech synchronized animation, Computers and Graphics Journal, 7(1), 1-4(1975). 5. B. de Boysson-Bardies, S. de Schonen, P. Jusczyk, P. McNeilage, and ). Morton, Eds., Devel opmental Neurocognition: Speech and Face Pro cessing in the First Year of Life (Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993); C.A. Fowler and D.J. Dekle, Listening with eye and hand: Cross-modal contributions to speech perception, Journal of Ex perimental Psychology: Human Perception and Per formance, 17,8} 6-828 (1991 ); Q. Summerfield, Vi sual perception of phonetic gestures, in Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception, I.G. Mattingly and M. Studdert-Kennedy, Eds. (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991). 6. A. Liberman and I.C. Mattingly, The motor theory of speech perception revised, Cognition, 21, 1-33 (1985); I.G. Mattingly and M. Studdert Kennedy, Eds., Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991). 7. J.W. Ellison and D.W. Massaro, Evaluating and integrating features in the identification of facial affect, unpublished manuscript, University of Cali fornia, Santa Cruz (1994). 8. S.C. Levine, M.T. Banich, and M.P. Koch Weser, Face recognition: A general or specific right hemisphere capacity? Brain and Cognition, 8, 303 325(1988). 9. B. Dodd and R. Campbell, Eds., Hearing by Eye: The Psychology of Lip-Reading (Erlbaum, Hills dale, NJ, 1987).

Gender discrimination in biological motion displays based on dynamic cues

Studies of human locomotion have found that male and female walkers differ in terms of lateral body sway, with males tending to swing their shoulders from side to side more than their hips, and females tending to swing their hips more than their shoulders. Experiments reported here demonstrate that naive viewers can identify the gender of the figure in a biological motion display very reliably when the display contains gender-specific lateral body sway. Sensitivity to gender is high even for displays containing only a fraction of a step cycle. This dynamic cue dominates structural cues based on torso shape (`centre-of-moment9) when the cues are set in opposition. It is mediated by gender-specific differences in the velocity of shoulder and hip dots, not by positional differences in shoulder and hip dots during the step cycle.

Low-level visual processing of biological motion

Biological motion displays depict a moving human figure by means of just a few isolated points of light attached to the major joints of the body. Naive observers readily interpret the moving pattern of dots as representing a human figure, despite the complete absence of form cues. This paper reports a series of experiments which investigated the visual processes underlying the phenomenon. Results suggest that (i) the effect relies upon responses in low-level motion-detecting processes, which operate over short temporal and spatial intervals and respond to local modulations in image intensity; and (ii) the effect does not involve hierarchical visual analysis of motion components, nor does it require the presence of dots which move in rigid relation to each other. Instead, movements of the extremities are crucial. Data are inconsistent with current theoretical treatments.

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers articles in press

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers articles in press

Sampling Methods in Behavior Research

Animals perform a continuous stream of behavior throughout their lives. Because their behavior is not random, appropriate sampling methods can be used to obtain data that accurately reflect the actual behavior and are valid for answering research questions. Answering questions related to several variables assists in narrowing the choices of sampling methods. First, a determination must be made of what behaviors to measure. If the behaviors are few and easily measured, then All Occurrences Sampling is the method of choice because it generates accurate frequency and duration data through continuous recording. Sequence and Sociometric Matrix Sampling are specialized types of All Occurrences Sampling that are restricted to sampling intra- or interindividual sequences and social interactions (e.g., agonistic), respectively. Second, if who (e.g., specific individual, sex, or genotype) performs the behavior is a major component of the research question, then consideration should be given to Focal Animal (Pair, Group) Sampling. Third, if when or where the behavior is performed is of interest (e.g., activity budget), then Instantaneous or Scan Sampling can often be effective. Ad libitum Sampling does not produce valid data for analyses, but it is useful when formulating and fine-tuning research questions. One-Zero Sampling is not recommended except when the research question relates to the presence or absence of behaviors only. Other factors to consider in selecting a sampling method are duration of the behavior (event or state), desired scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio), and logistics (e.g., time, and equipment and facilities available).

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers articles in press

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers articles in press

Forthcoming behavior research methods, instruments, & computers articles

Forthcoming behavior research methods, instruments, & computers articles

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers

Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers

Computer technology: Index to articles in Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers from 1977 to 1987

Computer technology: Index to articles in Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers from 1977 to 1987

Changing industry to continuous operations: Different strokes for different plants : Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 1985, 17.6, 670–676

Changing industry to continuous operations: Different strokes for different plants : Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 1985, 17.6, 670–676

The behavioral research program at the Washington Park Zoo

For the past decade, the Washington Park Zoo, Portland, Oregon, has had an active behavioral research program. The research department is both a zoo-supported research facility for visiting researchers and staff, and an educational facility that teaches practical behavioral research methods to undergraduates. The research education program utilizes students from any of a dozen local colleges and universities. Students receive academic credit for their participation. Active keeper-participation plays a major role in many research projects. Not only does keeper-cooperation facilitate research, but their knowledge of the individual animals often proves invaluable. In addition to involvement in student projects, keepers have also conducted their own research projects.

A DBASE III program that performs significance testing for the Kappa coefficient

s of All Psychonomic Society Journal Articles Published in the Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society With the March 1987 issue, the Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society will1aunch the publication of a section that will contain abstracts of all articles that have appeared in recent issues of the other five Psychonomic Society journals-Animal Learning & Behavior; Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers; Memory & Cognition; Perception & Psychophysics; and Psychobiology. It is hoped that this feature will provide readers with additional access to information that will be of use in their work.

Note on Methodology: The Coefficient of Variation

Previous articleNext article No AccessReportsNote on Methodology: The Coefficient of VariationMichael SheretMichael Sheret Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 28, Number 3Aug., 1984 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446450 Views: 2Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1984 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:John M. Collins Reconstructing Access in the Cambodian Education System, (Jan 2008): 190–214.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2652-1_8Ken Kelley Sample size planning for the coefficient of variation from the accuracy in parameter estimation approach, Behavior Research Methods 39, no.44 (Nov 2007): 755–766.https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192966Ma Hsen-hsing Equity in Educational Distribution and Strategies of Higher Educational Development in the Republic of China, Chinese Education & Society 27, no.66 (Dec 2010): 23–41.https://doi.org/10.2753/CED1061-1932270623Mark Bray Centralization Versus Decentralization in Educational Administration: Regional Issues, Educational Policy 5, no.44 (Dec 1991): 371–385.https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904891005004003

Fundamentals of Behavioral Research and Basic Research Methods.

Fundamentals of Behavioral Research and Basic Research Methods.

Sources of Job Related Ambiguity and Their Consequences Upon Salespersons' Job Satisfaction and Performance

This study presents a conceptual model relating four sources of job related ambiguity and two individual difference variables (locus of control and need for clarity) to salesperson job satisfaction and job performance. Previous research related to the model is briefly reviewed. Then, drawing data from a multicompany sample of industrial salespersons and their managers, behavioral research methods are used to clarify the nature and strength of the relationships in the model. The analysis reveals that ambiguity concerning family expectations is positively related to performance, but ambiguity regarding sales manager and customer expectations is negatively related to performance. Lower levels of satisfaction are explained primarly by ambiguous managerial expectations. The individual difference variables are shown to be related to job outcomes even after adjusting for different levels of perceived ambiguity. The individual difference variables, however, do not moderate the relationships between sources of ambiguity and job outcomes.

Special Issue of Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

Special Issue of Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

Review of Dictionary of Social Behavior and Social Research Methods.

Review of Dictionary of Social Behavior and Social Research Methods.

Special Issue of Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

Special Issue of Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation