Problem Of Behavior Research Articles

Asymptotic analysis of sign-changing transmission problems with rapidly oscillating interface

We study the asymptotic behavior of a sign-changing transmission problem, stated in a symmetric oscillating domain obtained by gluing together a positive and a negative material, separated by an imperfect and rapidly oscillating interface. The interface separating the two heterogeneous materials has a periodic microstructure and is a small perturbation of a flat interface. The solution of the transmission problem is continuous and its flux has a jump on the oscillating interface. Under certain conditions on the properties of the two materials, we derive the limit problem and we prove the convergence result. The T-coercivity method is used to handle the lack of coercivity for both the microscopic and the macroscopic limit problems. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2024/60/abstr.html

Manifestation of Anxiety in People with an Addictive (Alcoholic) Form of Behavior

The focus of this article is on the problem of addictive behavior, namely, the psychological characteristics of a person with alcohol dependence. The aim is to analyze and generalize the factors that contribute to the formation of addictive behavior and to highlight the socio-psychological nature of this dependence in relation to anxiety. A number of important psychological and pedagogical issues regarding the factors contributing to the formation of this form of behavior are considered. The features that help to understand and uncover the mechanisms of their action are also considered. It is pointed out that in the study of the personality of people with alcohol dependence, one of the dominant points of view is the phenomenon of anxiety. The researchers' interest is focused on understanding the nature of anxiety as a trigger. The psychology of anxiety is considered as an individually psychological feature of a person who is in one or another difficult situation for him. Recognizing the complexity of studying the personality of people with alcohol dependence, it emphasizes such characteristic features for the majority as short temper, lack of compromise, intolerance to the opinions of others, resentment, a tendency to revenge, a high level of conflict. It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that there is a contradictory character in the conclusions about the ratio of primary and secondary anxiety and alcohol consumption as two mutually determining factors. An attempt is made to explain this discrepancy based on research. The different types of work significantly enrich our understanding of this phenomenon. Studies have shown that this category of people has a higher level of situational and personal anxiety. The revealed nature of the relationship indicates the peculiarities of conflict in this category. The data obtained show an example of traits that are interrelated with it.

Controllability and Optimal Fast Operation of Nonlinear Systems

A new method for solving the problem of controllability and optimal transient behavior of nonlinear systems subject to boundary conditions and constraints on control values was proposed. Unlike existing methods, this new approach is based on constructing a general solution of the integral equation for a linear controlled system, followed by transforming the original problem into a special initial optimal control problem. We propose a new method for studying the global asymptotic stability of dynamical systems with a cylindrical phase space with a countable equilibrium position based on a non-singular transformation of the equation of motion and estimation of improper integrals along the solution of the system. Conditions for global asymptotic stability were obtained without involving any periodic Lyapunov function, as well as the frequency theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown with an example.

Информационная составляющая повышения электоральной активности российской молодежи

This scientific article examines the problems of electoral behavior and participation in elections of modern Russian youth. The relevance of the study is due to the important role of the younger generation in determining the future of the country. The author of the study analyzes the factors influencing the electoral activity of young people, among which the key place is occupied by the level of awareness about elections. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of information about the ongoing election campaign on the electoral activity of young voters. It is hypothesized that full information about the elections increases the participation of young people in voting. Data on the implementation of the InformUIK project in the Russian presidential elections in March 2024 are used as an empirical base. The author examines the specifics of information and explanatory work with young voters, analyzes the statistics of youth participation in voting. The conclusion is made about the importance of an integrated approach to informing young people in order to increase their electoral activity. The importance of new technological solutions and targeted voter information is emphasized. The article contributes to the study of the electoral behavior of young people and the development of effective strategies for their involvement in the electoral process.

The Schwinger pair production method in the framework of non-commutative phase space coordinates and its applications

In noncommutative phase space (NCPS), we investigate the pair creation rate for the problem of scalar and spinorial particles emerging from a vacuum under the influence of uniform external electromagnetic fields using the Schwinger formal technique. It is demonstrated that under specific conditions, where the speed of light c approaches the Fermi velocity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (with [Formula: see text] representing the cyclotron frequency), the behavior of the Dirac oscillator problem in a uniform electromagnetic field within NCPS is akin to the monolayer graphene problem in NCPS. In addition, the production probability per unit volume per unit time is discussed, along with the limits of parameter deformations.

Interpregnancy intervals and behavioural outcomes in children: A population-based longitudinal study

BackgroundWhile the physical health consequence of short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) is well documented, its mental health impact is not well explored. This study aimed to examine the associations between IPIs and behavioural outcomes in children born following the interval at four developmental time points between ages 7 and 16. MethodsOur study sample comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, an ongoing population-based longitudinal birth cohort in Bristol, Avon, United Kingdom. Behavioural problems, including total behavioural difficulties, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer-problems, and problems of pro-social behaviour, were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Over 2300 mothers and their singleton children were included in this study. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to estimate odds ratios for the associations. ResultsChildren born to mothers with short IPI (<6 months) were 1.54 (95%CI: 1.12–2.11), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12–1.81) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.04–1.79) times more likely to have total behavioural difficulties, conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention problems across the child's age, respectively, compared with children of mothers with IPIs of 18–23 months. We found no evidence of associations between short IPI (<6 months) and emotional symptoms, peer-relationship problems and pro-social behaviour problems. ConclusionShort IPI (<6 months) was associated with externalising (conduct and hyperactivity/inattention) but not internalising (emotional and peer-relationship problems) problems. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Infant sensitivity to social contingency moderates the predictive link between early maternal reciprocity and infants' emerging social behavior.

The scientific study of love underscores the importance of dyadic reciprocity in laying the foundation for infants' social development. While research establishes links between early reciprocity and children's social capacities, some infants appear to benefit from reciprocity more than others. A central feature of reciprocity is its contingent structure, that is, the extent to which maternal behaviors are temporally associated with and contingent upon infants' dynamically changing cues. As such, infants' sensitivity to social contingencies may define the extent to which an infant benefits from maternal reciprocity. The current study examined the role of infants' sensitivity to social contingency (SC) in moderating associations between early maternal reciprocity and subsequent infants' social behavior. The study followed 157 children (47% females), across the first year of life (4, 10, and 12 months) and at preschool age (48 months). Infants' SC at 4 and 10 months moderated the link between early maternal reciprocity and infants' prosocial behavior observed at 12 months. SC at 10 months moderated the link between early reciprocity and reported peer problems at 48 months. Maternal reciprocity predicted more helping behavior in infancy and fewer peer problems at preschool, but only for infants who displayed high SC. Findings highlight the contingent nature of reciprocal mother-infant interactions revealing that an infant's sensitivity to breaks in social-contingency moderates the developmental benefit of reciprocity. Future research is necessary to directly test the underlying mechanisms of these processes and better understand the individual characteristics of infants' sensitivity to social contingency and its' role in typical and atypical development. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Individual differences in infants' sensitivity to breaks in social contingencies may moderate the extent to which infants benefit from contingent reciprocal maternal behavior (i.e., maternal reciprocity). Maternal reciprocity predicted more helping behavior in infancy and fewer peer problems at preschool, but only for infants who displayed high sensitivity to breaks in social contingency. Findings highlight the contingent nature of reciprocal mother-infant interactions revealing that infants' sensitivity to breaks in social-contingency moderates the developmental benefit of reciprocity. Findings emphasize the need to develop measurement methods and direct empirical attention to the important yet understudied individual characteristic of infants' sensitivity to social contingency and its role in shaping social development.

Yield Behaviour of Welded I-Shaped Steel Cross-Sections

The limit behaviour of I-shaped welded steel cross-sections subjected to axial force, shear, and bending moment is a crucial matter to ascertain the reliability of framed structures constituted by non-standard beam elements. International standards provide an approximate solution to the problem, and other studies have proposed improved approximate formulations to ascertain the real features of the relevant cross-sections. The present paper is devoted to enhancing the problem of the limit behaviour of plane I-shaped welded steel cross-sections subjected to axial force N, shear T and bending moment M; therefore, new appropriate formulations are proposed in order to define suitable new domains, both in planes N,T, N,M, and M,T and in the space N,T,M. The material is assumed as elastic–perfectly plastic and the Von Mises limit condition is adopted as the resistance criterion. The elastic stresses are described by the Navier formula and the Jourawski formula. The limit stress condition related to the contemporaneous presence of the acting forces is defined as the one that, at each point of the cross-section, fulfils the Von Mises limit condition as equality. The formulation is rigorously devoted to factory-made welded I-shaped steel cross-sections. Some numerical examples are reported in the application stage and useful comparison are carried out, with the results being obtainable by the application of the classical known standard formulae, proving the reliability and effectiveness of the determined domains.

Самосохранительные практики населения

Introduction. Based on the available data, the main practices of self-preservation behavior of the population 15 years and older are studied. An individual’s self-preservation behavior is considered in two main areas: everyday life - behavior for preventing illness and during illness (contacting a medical professional).Materials and methods. State statistics data were used as an empirical basis; results of selective monitoring of the population’s health status for the period from 2019 to 2023; database of the Russian Monitoring of Economics and Health (RLMS-HSE) for the period from 1994 to 2022. The data made it possible to consider the problem of self-preservation behavior in dynamics and in the context of socio-demographic groups.Results. In Russia, there are few people with a high commitment to a healthy life: 7.0% of men and 10.9% of women. Few people eat enough fruits and vegetables every day: 14.2% of the population (2022 - 12.0%), rural population - 15.9%, urban population - 13.6%. There are regional differences in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which may be related to the availability and eating habits of the population.In some types of behavior, people began to behave more responsibly. The majority of the population (68.8%) do not smoke and have not smoked before; 12.3% have quit smoking. For women, the dynamics have not changed over 26 years, but men began to smoke 18.6% less. Alcohol consumption has decreased significantly; representatives of the 35-54 year old group (every tenth) consume it more often. Positive dynamics in physical activity; currently, more than half of citizens are systematically involved in physical culture and sports - 56.8% (according to the Ministry of Sports). In case of health problems, one third of Russians (37.8% of men and 39.5% of women) went to a polyclinic, to a doctor, the majority treated themselves, the situation worsened with the onset of the pandemic in 2020.Conclusion. In general, the behavior of the population for the purpose of health prevention has a positive trend, but remains at a low level and cannot make a significant contribution to improving the health of the population. At the same time, population activity during the period of illness also remains at a low level, and there is no positive dynamics. Against the backdrop of increasing morbidity, more than half of citizens do not consult a doctor during illness and engage in self-treatment.

Psychological Characteristics of Adolescents with Varying Degrees of Tendency to Internet Addiction

Introduction. This article is dedicated to studying psychological characteristics of modern adolescents with different severity of the tendency to Internet addictive behavior. In the course of the study, theoretical and empirical material concerning the problem of deviant behavior was generalized. Also, individual psychological characteristics of adolescents and the influence of varying degrees of severity of Internet addiction on young people’s meaning of life orientations were identified. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time, a set of psychological diagnostic techniques aimed at studying the meaningful orientations of adolescents with Internet addiction was formulated and tested.Purpose. Studying psychological characteristics of adolescents with varying degrees of tendency to Internet addiction. Materials and Methods. As part of the empirical study, the following standardized methods were used: the questionnaire “Behavior on the Internet” by A. E. Zhichkina, the methodology “Questionnaire for studying the level of aggressiveness of Bass-Darka”, “Test of meaningful life orientations (SMO)” by D. A. Leontiev, the methodology “Self-assessment of mental states” by G. Eysenck. Mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The data was processed using the computer program “SPSS” 17.0 for Windows”.Results. The respondents were 120 teenagers studying in general education institutions of the city of Rostov-on-Don. As a result of the study, it was found that the indicators of aggression are least pronounced in adolescents prone to Internet addiction. In respondents without a tendency to addictive behavior, anxiety and frustration were found to be the least.Discussion. In the group of Internet-dependent adolescents, almost all the main aspects of personality show low indicators, which reflects negative impact of the Internet on formation of individual psychological characteristics of adolescents. The hypothesis of adolescents’ tendency to Internet addiction being associated with peculiarities of meaningful life orientations has been confirmed.

Suicidal behavior with diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders

The purpose of the work is to study: analyze modern data on the problem of suicidal behavior in the structure of diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders. Materials and methods. The analysis of 52 sources. The search was carried out in special medical resources, namely: RusMed, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science. In addition, electronic libraries such as eLibrary were involved.RU, CyberLeninka and the Library of dissertations and abstracts of Russia dslib.net. Results. An attempt has been made to study the phenomenon of suicidal behavior in the structure of diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders. In addition to studying the prevalence of suicidal behaviors in the above diseases, the features and clinic of suicidal behavior depending on the duration and stage of somatic diseases were also described. The risk of suicidal behavior is higher than in the general population at all stages of the development of somatic disease and treatment, including remission, is underestimated by statistics. Conclusions. Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders should be considered by specialists as potentially dangerous conditions. Suicidal activity in the structure of these diseases remains very high and varies widely: from 0.10 to 65 %. The greatest suicidal activity is manifested in patients with the following diseases: diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, obesity; Preventive strategies are proposed, which show the importance of screening suicidal behavior in the general medical network in view of the high incidence of suicides to specialists.

Модель профилактики мобильной зависимости подростков

The study presents a conceptual model for the prevention of adolescent mobile addiction in the interaction of a classroom teacher and parents, including targeted, content-organizational and performance-evaluation blocks. The methodological basis for the implementation of the model is axiological, systemic and activity-based approaches implemented in the principles of health conservation, synergy, constructive interaction and personal orientation. The content and organizational block of the model is represented by pedagogical conditions (constructive interaction between the class teacher and the parent, the systematic nature of preventive measures, the proactive nature of the impact on the risk situation), implemented in three stages: raising awareness of parents (passive), involving parents in various forms of activity (active), joint activities of the class teacher and parents (interactive). The performance evaluation block presents criteria for diagnosing the effectiveness of the implementation of pedagogical conditions in cognitive, social and value components at high, medium or low levels. The article presents an analysis of sources on the problems of mobile-dependent behavior of adolescents, clarifying the concept of "mobile dependence of adolescents.

THE ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

The publication examines the problems of the philosophical foundations of elections, the concept of physicalism, where consciousness-body is studied, which in the philosophy of consciousness has a decisive fact. In modern philosophy of elections, the philosophical aspect is considered - consciousness and the monistic-ontological thesis - physicalism, which allows us to explain the fact that everything that exists is physical or appeared as a derivative of the physical. The concept of physicalism is a position in the philosophy of mind. Consciousness in physicalism exists without an independent ontological status, then it is derivative and connected with the human brain and is also connected with methodological naturalism. The social psychological theory of voter behavior and the theory of rational political choice attempt to explain voting behavior. It can be assumed that such a concept of synthesis of the experience of studying the immature practice of elections and already established theoretical thoughts about them could be a model of behavior of voters and candidates. This could be the dialectic of freedom and necessity of the philosophy of the rational communication model.The philosophy of the rational communication approach considers the following sequential images: a communicative person, a logical person, a rhetorical and dialogical, dialectical person. There are also three levels of development of the electoral process - logical, rhetorical (subject-object) and dialogical (subject-subject). The philosophical approach views rationality as a dynamic system consisting of logical, rhetorical and dialogical levels. In studies of the politics of legal philosophy, the problem of electoral behavior occupies an important place. These studies examine the consciousness and behavior of the electorate, which are important to the electoral process of electoral philosophy.

Nonsmooth Integral Guiding Potentials in the Problem of the Asymptotic Behavior of Trajectories of Some Classes of Functional Differential Inclusions

Nonsmooth Integral Guiding Potentials in the Problem of the Asymptotic Behavior of Trajectories of Some Classes of Functional Differential Inclusions

Безопасность как основа гражданской солидарности в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации

On the events of the emergency experienced by the author example, the civic solidarity is revealed are essence, formulated as a part of the concept of citizenship and as an opportunity for an individual to express himself in society through association. On positive and negative examples of citizens solidarity are shown that have arisen due to security threats, the problems of possible or proper citizens behavior to ensure the balance of interests of society and the state are shown. The author's characteristic of civil solidarity concept is proposed, the proper institutionalization of which in the theory of constitutional law will contribute to the achievement of mutual trust between society and citizens.

Influence of Brain Gym on children's behavioral problems with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with a variety of behavioral problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Brain Gym (BG) on the behavioral problems of children with ASD in Iran. MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted on 36 children with ASD at Kashan and Arak in 2019. Samples were selected using the block randomization method and assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received ten sessions of BG according to Dennison's protocol. There was no intervention in the control group. The stereotyped behavior, communication, and social interactions of the behavioral problems were assessed at the beginning (T0), the end of the intervention (T1), and two months later (T2). The data were collected using the Demographics, Rutter, GARS-2, and Raven scales. Data from 33 children were analyzed via per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance. ResultsThe two groups did not differ significantly in demographic variables. The results showed a significant interaction effect of time and intervention on the severity of behavioral problems (p < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in the severity of behavioral disorders between the two groups at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference in the severity of the behavioral disorder at the three time points between the BG and control groups (p < 0.0001). ConclusionBG can alleviate the behavioral problems of children with ASD. This intervention is recommended as a complementary treatment for affected families with children with ASD. Trial registration numberIRCT20100211003329N5. Date of registration2020-07-16.

Inverse Optimization for Routing Problems

We propose a method for learning decision makers’ behavior in routing problems using inverse optimization (IO). The IO framework falls into the supervised learning category and builds on the premise that the target behavior is an optimizer of an unknown cost function. This cost function is to be learned through historical data, and in the context of routing problems, can be interpreted as the routing preferences of the decision makers. In this view, the main contributions of this study are to propose an IO methodology with a hypothesis function, loss function, and stochastic first-order algorithm tailored to routing problems. We further test our IO approach in the Amazon Last Mile Routing Research Challenge, where the goal is to learn models that replicate the routing preferences of human drivers, using thousands of real-world routing examples. Our final IO-learned routing model achieves a score that ranks second compared with the 48 models that qualified for the final round of the challenge. Our examples and results showcase the flexibility and real-world potential of the proposed IO methodology to learn from decision-makers’ decisions in routing problems. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on TSL Conference 2023. Funding: This work was supported by the European Research Council [TRUST-949796].

Transmission problem between two Bingham fluids in a tow dimensional thin layer

The paper focuses on studying the asymptotic behavior of the steady-state transmission problem between two Bingham fluids in a two-dimensional thin layer. We are interested in the asymptotic behavior, to this aim we prove some convergence results concerning the velocity and pressure when the thickness tends to zero. The limit problem obtained after transforming the original problem into one posed over a fixed reference domain and the parameter representing the thickness of the layer tend to zero is studied. The lower-dimensional constitutive law and the differential equation satisfied by the limit variables in the non rigid zone are obtained. In addition, the uniqueness of limit solution has been also established. Existence and uniqueness results and a lower-dimensional constitutive law are obtained.

The plane piston problem in a weakly gravitating generalized Chaplygin gas

The present study examines the behavior of a plane piston problem as it moves at a constant velocity in a generalized Chaplygin gas in the presence of a weak gravitational field. A systematic perturbation approach is utilized to obtain an analytical solution for the flow field up to the first order of ϵ. Also, the basic state solution is derived in case of weak shock waves. Further, we analyze the distribution patterns of flow variables for different values of α graphically. Moreover, an approximate solution for the strong shock wave has been found and discussed. The acquired solutions are highly influenced by generalized Chaplygin gas and the applied gravity, which is intriguing aspect from both a physical and scientific standpoint.

Does Organizational Commitment, Ethical Leadership And Ethical Climate Affect On Deviant Behavior In The Workplace?

Nowadays, ethical issues in organizations are an interesting topic to discuss, especially for the problem of deviant behavior. Therefore, this issue is a major concern in the field of organization and business. Deviant behavior will have negative implications for individuals, groups, and organizations which encourages practitioners and academics to pay more attention to ethical management. The paper explores the relationship between ethical leadership, ethical climate, organizational commitment, and deviant behavior. The respondent of this research are employees of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia . The study measures ethical climate using 5 indicators with 26 statement items sourced from Cullen (1993), organizational commitment using 3 indicators with 18 statement items sourced from Meyer, Allen, and Smith (1993), and ethical leadership using 10 indicators with 15 statement items sourced from Yulk (2010). The data collection method used in the research is a questionnaire sent via Google Form. Data analysis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using the help of the SmartPLS program. Overall, the study suggests that promoting ethical leadership and creating a positive ethical climate can enhance organizational commitment and reduce deviant behavior at PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia.