Behavior Of Composite Shear Walls Research Articles

Seismic behavior of composite shear walls with post-casting UHPC boundary elements and CRB600H steel bars

This study investigates the seismic behavior of composite shear walls reinforced with post-casting Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) boundary elements and Colded-Rolled Ribbed Bars (CRB600H). The research aims to explore the synergistic effects of UHPC and CRB600H bars on seismic performance. Six shear wall specimens with a shear span ratio of 1.56 were subjected to cyclic loading to evaluate their failure modes, crack patterns, hysteresis behavior, stiffness degradation, ductility, residual deformation, and energy dissipation capacity. The results demonstrated that the use of CRB600H bars in boundary elements of normal concrete specimens improved post-yield stiffness and reduced residual deformation. Conversely, incorporating UHPC in boundary elements enhanced load-bearing capacity and crack control but slightly reduced ductility due to the weaker interfacial connection between UHPC and the foundation. Additionally, CRB600H bars in the web region improved load-bearing capacity while maintaining ductility comparable to HRB400 bars. The findings suggest that substituting CRB600H for HRB400 in shear-dominant regions can enhance the seismic performance of shear walls. Finally, the multi-layer shell element numerical model validated by the experimental results was encouraged to conduct parametric analysis in the future. This research supports the development of more resilient building structures by integrating high-performance materials in key structural components.

Seismic behavior of innovative reinforced concrete composite shear wall with PEC boundary columns

Considering the inadequate integrity between boundary elements and wall connections in shear walls with PEC columns. A new type of PEC shear wall is proposed to enhance the connection between the PEC columns and the wall by introducing T-section connectors to improve the bearing capacity as well as the deformation capacity. In this study, the seismic behavior of composite shear walls was investigated in terms of the failure process, hysteresis, energy consumption, etc. The test results showed that the specimens had good stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. The combination of PEC columns with RC shear walls under the action of the T-section connector was effective. An increase in the width-to-thickness ratio can lead to shear bonding failure. In the PEC-RCSW structure with a shear-to-span ratio of 1.35, the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the T-section connectors and PEC columns are slightly higher in the major axis direction than in the minor axis direction. Based on the test results, the finite element model was established and further research was conducted on the shear span ratio and T-section connector size. And provided engineering application suggestions for the innovative composite shear wall shear wall. Finally, flexural and shear capacity calculation formulae of the innovative composite shear wall were proposed.

Torsional behavior of composite shear walls and load‐bearing sandwich panels: An experimental investigation

Torsional behavior of composite shear walls and load‐bearing sandwich panels: An experimental investigation

Optimized Computational Intelligence Model for Estimating the Flexural Behavior of Composite Shear Walls

This article presents a novel approach to estimate the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete-filled composite plate shear walls using an optimized computational intelligence model. The proposed model was developed and validated based on 47 laboratory data points and the Transit Search (TS) optimization algorithm. Using 80% of the experimental dataset, the optimized model was selected by determining the unknown coefficients of the network-based computational structure. The remaining 20% of the data was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model, and the best-performing structure was selected. Furthermore, the final neural network details were subjected to statistical analysis to extract a user-friendly formula, making it easier to apply in practice. The proposed ANN model and the proposed user-friendly formula were then compared with the AISC 341-16 and experimental results and demonstrated their efficacy in predicting the flexural behavior of composite shear walls. Overall, the proposed approach provides a more reliable and efficient framework for estimating the flexural behavior of composite shear walls.

Seismic behavior of composite shear walls with boundary columns using rectangular and U-shaped concrete-filled steel tubes

Steel-concrete composite shear walls with boundary concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns have drawn the attention of researchers due to their good seismic performance such as high strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The reported study proposes a novel composite shear wall design that aims to complete the majority of the work in the factory, leaving only concrete pouring, steel welding, and formwork removal to be done on-site, so that the constructional time and cost can be saved. Two types of CFSTs were used for the boundary columns of composite shear walls, one is conventional rectangular CFSTs, another one is U-shaped CFSTs. In order to study the seismic behavior of the novel composite shear walls, cyclic loading tests were conducted on four full-scale specimens. The bearing capacity, energy dissipation, skeleton curves, hysteretic loops, deformation capacity and failure mode are analyzed. The experimental results have demonstrated that the bearing capacity and stiffness of shear walls with U-shaped CFST columns are slightly higher than that of shear walls with rectangular CFST columns, whereas the latter has better deformation capacity. In addition, the reported study investigated the methods of calculating the shear capacity of the novel composite shear walls and provided recommendations on the calculation method to be used for design and structural analysis.

Parametric study on lateral behaviour of composite shear walls with high-strength manufactured sand concrete

The traditional reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall showed limited seismic performance under extreme earthquakes when deployed at the bottom of high-rise buildings, due to the presence of high axial compression ratios. In this study, a novel composite shear wall was proposed to improve the seismic performance at high axial compression ratios, in accordance with recent demands for eco-friendly materials. The novel composite wall integrated the high-strength manufactured sand (MS) concrete, ring-stirrup and steel tube to fully maximize material efficiency and achieve inter-enhancement. A quasi-static test was at first carried out on the proposed composite shear wall, which validated the expected enhancement on its lateral mechanical behaviour preliminarily. On this basis, a refined finite element (FE) model was established for the test specimen by considering the nonlinearity and cyclic behaviour of materials, in order to provide further insights into its behaviour under lateral loads. The established FE model was verified against the test data, which showed a good agreement between the numerical prediction and the test result. Meanwhile, a list of key parameters was identified according to their influence on the lateral behaviour of the composite wall, including the axial compression ratio, yield strength of steel tubes, compressive strength of concretes, reinforcement ratio in concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns, and space between ring-stirrups. On this basis, a series of parametric investigations were carried out with the validated FE model, by varying the selected key parameters. In general, the research output offered a constructive guideline and data support for the expected engineering application of the proposed composite shear wall.

Investigating the Behavior of Composite Shear Walls with Corrugated Shape Memory Alloys Plate and Steel Fiber Concrete under Cyclic Loading

Investigating the Behavior of Composite Shear Walls with Corrugated Shape Memory Alloys Plate and Steel Fiber Concrete under Cyclic Loading

Evaluation and Numerical Investigations of the Cyclic Behavior of Smart Composite Steel-Concrete Shear Wall: Comprehensive Study of Finite Element Model.

The composite shear wall has various merits over the traditional reinforced concrete walls. Thus, several experimental studies have been reported in the literature in order to study the seismic behavior of composite shear walls. However, few numerical investigations were found in the previous literature because of difficulties in the interaction behavior of steel and concrete. This study aimed to present a numerical analysis of smart composite shear walls, which use an infilled steel plate and concrete. The study was carried out using the ANSYS software. The mechanical mechanisms between the web plate and concrete were investigated thoroughly. The results obtained from the finite element (FE) analysis show excellent agreement with the experimental test results in terms of the hysteresis curves, failure behavior, ultimate strength, initial stiffness, and ductility. The present numerical investigations were focused on the effects of the gap, thickness of infill steel plate, thickness of the concrete wall, and distance between shear studs on the composite steel plate shear wall (CSPSW) behavior. The results indicate that increasing the gap between steel plate and concrete wall from 0 mm to 40 mm improved the stiffness by 18% as compared to the reference model, which led to delay failures of this model. Expanding the infill steel plate thickness to 12 mm enhanced the stiffness and energy absorption with a ratio of 95% and 58%, respectively. This resulted in a gradual drop in the strength capacity of this model. Meanwhile, increasing concrete wall thickness to 150 mm enhanced the ductility and energy absorption with a ratio of 52% and 32%, respectively, which led to restricting the model and reduced lateral offset. Changing the distance between shear studs from 20% to 25% enhanced the ductility and energy absorption by about 66% and 32%, respectively.

Modelling of Cyclic Load Behaviour of Smart Composite Steel-Concrete Shear Wall Using Finite Element Analysis

In recent years, steel-concrete composite shear walls have been widely used in enormous high-rise buildings. Due to their high strength and ductility, enhanced stiffness, stable cycle characteristics and large energy absorption, such walls can be adopted in auxiliary buildings, surrounding the reactor containment structure of nuclear power plants to resist lateral forces induced by heavy winds and severe earthquakes. The current study aims to investigate the seismic behaviour of composite shear walls and evaluate their performance in comparison with traditional reinforced concrete (RC) walls when subjected to cyclic loading. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed using ANSYS by emphasising constitutive material modelling and element type to represent the real physical behaviour of complex shear wall structures. The analysis escalates with parametric variation in reinforcement ratio, compressive strength of the concrete wall, layout of shear stud and yield stress of infill steel plate. The modelling details of structural components, contact conditions between steel and concrete, associated boundary conditions and constitutive relationships for the cyclic loading are explained. The findings of this study showed that an up to 3.5% increase in the reinforcement ratio enhanced the ductility and energy absorption with a ratio of 37% and 38%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the concrete strength up to 55 MPa enhanced the ductility and energy absorption with ratios of 51% and 38%, respectively. Thus, this improves the contribution of concrete strength, while increasing the yield stress of steel plate (to 380 MPa) enhanced the ductility (by a ratio of 66%) compared with the reference model. The present numerical research shows that the compressive strength of the concrete wall, reinforcement ratio, layout of shear stud and yield stress of infill steel plate significantly affect ductility and energy absorption. Moreover, this offers a possibility for improving the shear wall’s capacity, which is more important.

Seismic Analysis and Design of Composite Shear Wall with Stiffened Steel Plate and Infilled Concrete

Several experiments are conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of composite shear walls because of their advantages compared to traditional reinforced concrete (RC) walls. However, the numerical studies are limited due to the complexities for the steel and concrete behaviors and their interaction. This paper presents a numerical study of composite shear walls with stiffened steel plates and infilled concrete (CWSC) using ABAQUS. The mechanical mechanisms of the web plate and concrete are studied. FE models are used to conduct parametric analysis to study the law of parameters on the seismic behaviour. The finite element (FE) model shows good agreement with the test results, including the hysteresis curves, failure phenomenon, ultimate strength, initial stiffness, and ductility. The web plate and concrete are the main components to resist lateral force. The web plate is found to contribute between 55% and 85% of the lateral force of wall. The corner of web plate mainly resists the vertical force, and the rest of web plate resists shear force. The concrete is separated into several columns by stiffened plates, each of which is independent and resisted vertical force. The wall thickness, steel ratio, and shear span ratio have the greatest influence on ultimate bearing capacity and elastic stiffness. The shear span ratio and axial compression ratio have the greatest influence on ductility. The test and analytical results are used to propose formulas to evaluate the ultimate strength capacity and stiffness of the composite shear wall under cyclic loading. The formulas could well predict the ultimate strength capacity reported in the literature.

Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of Composite Shear Walls with Steel-Encased Profiles Subjected to Different Axial Load

AbstractShear walls are lateral load–resisting systems that provide lateral strength and stiffness in order to reduce the horizontal sway of a building. Over recent years, composite shear walls wit...

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Composite Shear Wall with Inclined Bars

The composite shear wall is the core component of the thermal insulation integrated structure, which is a load-bearing shear wall with good thermal insulation, sound insulation, and seismic resistance. To improve the applicable height of the composite shear wall structure, a cohesive sandwich heat-insulation composite shear wall with door frame inclined tendon and diamond-shaped inclined tendon is proposed, and the quasistatic force of four 1/2-scale shear wall test specimens is carried out. Different specimens are analyzed, including failure modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, ductility performance, and energy dissipation capacity. The following conclusions are drawn: the failure modes of the specimens are bending and shear failure; the ultimate strength and deformation performance of the composite wall close to the solid wall; the composite wall with the door frame inclined tendon can effectively delay the wall cracking and improve the bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity of the composite wall; the configuration of the diamond-shaped inclined tendon improves the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the composite wall.

Numerical study on the response of composite shear walls with steel sheets under cyclic loading

As an alternative to conventional reinforced concrete walls, composite shear walls have been studied recently due to their great advantages in terms of structural performance under seismic loading. Researchers usually use ready-made profiles for composite shear walls, but in this study L-shaped cold-formed steel sheets were selected for numerical analysis under lateral cyclic forces. A macroscale numerical model was developed using a fiber beam-column element with a shear spring model to reproduce the actual behavior of composite shear walls. In addition, the OpenSees-based model was verified against three experimentally tested composite shear walls and showed robust simulation ability. Moreover, in order to fully explain their effect on the performance of composite shear walls, the properties of L-shaped steel sheets were studied parametrically with the help of the numerical model in terms of thickness and yield strength. It was clear that increases in the sheets’ yield strength and thickness increased the lateral load-displacement capacity of the walls. It was thought that the two factors were connected in terms of their effects, and the L-shaped steel sheet arrangement in the boundary zone had essential participation in the total response of the composite shear wall under the applied loads.

Seismic performance of composite shear walls with embedded FCCCs in boundary elements

A novel composite concrete shear wall with FRP-Confined Concrete Cores (FCCCs) arranged in the boundary elements is proposed. A series of quasi-static tests are performed to evaluate the seismic performance of the proposed composite shear walls. The specimens are subjected to combined constant vertical loading and cyclic lateral loading. The tested variables include the concrete strength of FCCC, the number of FCCC in the boundary elements, and the cross-section of the composite shear wall. Based on the test results, systematic discussions on the seismic behavior of the composite shear walls, including the failure mode, the hysteretic response, the energy dissipation, the stiffness/strength degradation, etc., are presented. It is found that the composite shear walls demonstrate similar lateral load resistance but much better deformability and energy dissipation compared with ordinary RC shear wall. Finally, numerical simulations were performed based on the software OpenSees. The FE results were in good agreement with test results. The influence of various parameters on the seismic behavior of composite shear wall was discussed based on parametric studies.

Seismic behavior of composite shear walls incorporating high-strength materials and CFST boundary elements

An innovative shear wall was proposed, which was composed of high-strength concrete and steel rebars, as well as concrete-encased CFST columns embedded at boundary elements. To study the cyclic and resilient behavior of the proposed wall, four walls with shear span ratios of 2.2 were designed and tested under quasi-static cyclic loads. The test parameters were the type of longitudinal bars at boundary elements, the presence of steel fibers, and the axial compression ratio. As test results showed, within the limit of axial compression ratio, the proposed shear walls had small residual deformation until a 2% loading drift ratio; after that, the hysteresis curve became full and the energy dissipation capacity increased, indicating the desirable collapse resistance. Specifically, the use of ultra-high strength longitudinal bars at boundary elements significantly decreased the residual deformation and improved the reparability. In addition, steel fibers effectively enhanced the deformation capacity of the proposed walls. Finally, given the confined effects of CFST columns and stirrups on concrete, a prediction model for the lateral load-bearing capacity was established. The comparison between predicted and test results from this study and existing research verified the good accuracy of this model.

Experimental study on hysteric behavior of composite shear walls with steel sheets

Owing to demanding structural requirements, composite shear walls have become necessary in reinforced concrete high-rise structures subjected to earthquake forces. Composite shear walls also limit the inter-story drift angles during severe earthquakes in terms of their load-carrying system performance. Within the scope of this study, two types of shear walls were constructed on a 1:3 scale. One type is a conventional reinforced concrete shear wall having boundary zones consisting of only conventional reinforcement. The other walls tested were composite shear walls having boundary zones consisting of cold-formed steel sheets (CFSSs). The dimensions of the CFSSs used in the shear wall boundary zones were 2×L19×57×7, 4×L23×69×5, and 2×L17×49×7 (mm). The composite shear walls were tested under cyclic lateral loadings, and their behaviors were investigated. Lateral force vs. top displacement curves with envelopes were evaluated from graphs based on the measurements, and crack propagations in the element were investigated step by step. Dissipated energy, ductility capacity, and rigidity properties based on the experimental results were compared.

Experimental study on the seismic behaviour of composite shear walls with stiffened steel plates and infilled concrete

A new type of composite shear wall, composed of dual steel plates, vertical stiffening steel plates to connect the dual plates and concrete infilled in the vertical channels formed by these steel plates, is proposed. Fifteen specimens were tested under horizontal cyclic loads, along with a constant vertical axial force, to investigate their seismic behaviour. Specimen failure mainly included three modes: severe local buckling at the corners of the flange plates and boundary channels, damage of the concrete occurring in the middle and bottom of the shear wall and local buckling waves originating at the middle of the specimen. All the specimens exhibited a good deformation capacity: the ultimate drift ratios of the specimens reached an average value of 4.55%, and the ductility has an average value of 4.0. The test results indicated that the thickness of the shear wall and the number of channels in the shear wall have a significant effect on the ductility of the specimens. However, changing the number of channels in the walls has a negligible effect on the shear strength of the wall. Formulas to predict the maximum shear strength and initial stiffness of the shear wall are proposed, and it is verified that they can provide a satisfactory prediction for most specimens, with an error within 10%.

Seismic behavior of composite shear walls incorporating concrete-filled steel and FRP tubes as boundary elements

A new form of a composite shear wall consisting of a reinforced concrete (RC) wall web and two boundary columns, in the form of square concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) incorporating a carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP)–confined concrete core, is proposed in this study. To evaluate its seismic performance, the proposed shear wall was tested under constant axial compression force and lateral cyclic loading. Three additional shear walls with different boundary column configurations were also tested: (i) an ordinary shear wall, (ii) a shear wall with CFST boundary columns, and (iii) a shear wall with double-skin CFST boundary columns. The failure mode, load-bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, strength degradation, and deformation mode of the four shear walls were thoroughly examined and compared. The results show that the deformation of the proposed shear wall was dominated by bending and that the distribution of axial strain generally satisfied the plane section assumption. The results also show that the seismic performance of the proposed shear wall was superior to that of the ordinary shear wall and the shear wall with CFST boundary columns. The proposed shear wall had the similar load-bearing capacity as the shear wall with double-skin CFST columns, but it had better ductility and larger dissipation capacity. This pilot study demonstrates that the composite shear wall has good potential for improving the performance of buildings constructed in seismic regions.

Composite Shear Walls an Efficient Seismic Resistant System for Multi-Story Buildings

Steel-concrete composite systems have seen widespread use in recent decades because of the benefits achieved by merging the two materials. Due to their high stiffness and lateral load resistance, reinforced-concrete shear walls (RCSW) and steel-plate shear walls (SPSW) are considered ideal for resisting earthquake lateral loads in moderate and high-rise buildings. Recently, various schemes of composite shear walls (CSW) have been the focus of recent research. The objective of this paper is to investigate analytically the behaviour of composite shear walls as a lateral-load resisting system in comparison to RCSW. The investigation is performed on buildings with variable heights provided with either (RCSW) or (CSW). Three dimensional models for the case-study buildings are assembled using ETABS, computer software based on the Finite Element Method. The buildings are analyzed for static lateral forces computed by the Equivalent Static Load Method. Response spectra dynamic analyses, and dynamic time-history linear analyses using IZMIT earthquake record. Results are compared and interpreted so as the major findings include: First, to highlight on the structural characteristics and behaviour of composite shear walls as a seismic resistant system. Second, to compare between the structural behaviour of RCSW and CSW concerning their drifts, base shear and strength.

Performance of low rise concealed truss composite shear walls with external columns

A review on the previous studies shows that limited analytical or experimental studies on the low-rise concealed truss shear walls with external columns under monotonic loading have already been conducted. The combination of concealed truss was welded to I-shaped steel frame and flat steel support. Two different aspect ratio composite shear walls were tested under static monotonic loading, and the failure mode, bearing capacity, ductility and stiffness were explored. A finite element model was developed and used to simulate the composite shear walls under constant axial load and lateral loading. The comparison of test results confirmed that the finite element model could predict the behavior of composite shear walls accurately. Meanwhile, stress analyses of the specimens were studied to simulate stress distribution of reinforcement, and to analyze the steel of composite shear wall with external columns at different loading stages. Taken together, this study could be a basis for developing an accurately simplified model.