Behavior Of Community Members Research Articles

Pilot implementation of community health advocacy teams to improve the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide net distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana: a qualitative study of opportunities and barriers to implementation.

In Ghana, the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) distributes long-lasting insecticide net (LLIN) to households for free through the periodic point mass distribution (PMD) campaign and continuous distribution to populations most vulnerable to malaria. It is known that the existence of effective and functional community-based groups could influence positive behaviours regarding health interventions promoted through health campaigns. However, there is no evidence of functional community-based groups that aim to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution campaigns by transitioning into primary healthcare delivery. This study aimed to explore the opportunities and barriers to the pilot implementation of co-created community health advocacy teams (CHATs) to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana. A qualitative research approach was used among 43 CHAT members across six communities in the Eastern and Volta regions of Ghana. The CHAT constitutes significant community actors whose roles are centred on key elements of community/social mobilisation and capacity building, all nested in social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategies. The CHATs were pilot implemented in all study communities for 4 months after which we identified opportunities and barriers during implementation. CHAT members participated in six focus group discussions which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using the NVivo 13. CHATs were instrumental in sensitising community members through SBCC strategies. Moreover, there were changes in the behaviour of community members who were receptive towards and participated in CHAT activities. Community members were accurately informed about malaria (e.g., causes and preventive measures). However, the CHAT experienced barriers during implementation, including a lack of financial support to aid in transportation, organisation of meetings, and outreach activities. Additionally, the level of participation by CHAT members in activities and the medium of communication among members were key areas of concern. The CHATs would be instrumental in promoting LLINs' use during and after PMD campaigns through community outreaches. It is therefore necessary to provide resources to support their operations and a good network to address communication barriers. Finally, continuous capacity strengthening of CHAT members by the NMCP is important.

Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Kasus Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Studi Putusan Nomor : 7/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/Pn Pnj)

This article aims to analyze the concept of restorative justice in the perspective of criminal law in Indonesia, judges' considerations and the application of restorative justice in traffic accident cases. The case that is the focus of the author is the application of restorative justice in solving traffic accident cases in Samarinda City. in decision number 7/Pid.Sus-Children/2020/PN Pnj. The type of research that the authors use in this study is empirical juridical. Empirical law research is an unwritten positive legal research regarding the behavior of community members in social relations. The results of the study state that the concept of restorative justice. The criminal justice system is a system in society for managing crime. Its main aim is to prevent the Consensus agreement from being actually nothing new to Indonesian society. Considering, that children who are in conflict with the law are not miniature adults who must be fully responsible for their actions, but children who commit crimes must have their rights protected, they must be restored to become children of the nation who have a future as the hope of the nation.

Knowledge and attitude related to antibiotic use among high school students

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has been described by World Health Organisation as a major global health problem that threats our ability to treat common infectious diseases and needs urgent action. Among many other factors, knowledge and behaviour of community members that lead to inappropriate use of antibiotic highly contributes to development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Hence this study has been undertaken with the aim to assess the knowledge and attitude related to antibiotic use among high school students. 
 Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted at a Kathmandu based high-school. The data were collected via self-administered questionnaire after verbal consent for voluntary participation. There were nine questions related to knowledge and five questions related to attitude. Data were aggregated to compile frequency distribution tables and the percentages of responses were calculated.
 Result: A total of 232 students participated in the study. In the questions related to knowledge, nearly 62% of the students agreed to the statement “Antibiotics are needed to cure most coughs and cold”. About 19% students were not sure whether antibiotics can kill the useful bacteria in our body. In the attitude part, 53.87% students responded that they stop taking antibiotics when they start to feel better and 59.91% students responded that they buy antibiotics on their own from a pharmacist when needed.
 Conclusions: The deficiencies in basic understanding about the nature and use of antibiotics and casual attitude in their use among high school students is a matter of great concern as it poses many serious problems including promotion of antibiotic resistance

EFEKTIVITAS BADAN PENGAWAS PEMILIHAN UMUM DALAM PENANGANAN PELANGGARAN PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM TAHUN 2019

Abstract: There are still many violations in every general election such as administrative, criminal and ethical code violations in Bengkulu City. There are two problems examined in this thesis reviewing the Effectiveness of the General Election Supervisory Agency in handling violations in the general election and sanctions given by the Election Supervisory Agency in settlement of handling violations that occur in the general election. This research used the normative-empirical legal research method, namely legal research on the enforcement or implementation of normative legal provisions in action on any particular legal event that occurs in the community. Normative research is a legal research that examines written law from aspects of theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, general explanation of article by article, formality and the strength of binding a law but does not bind the applied aspects or its implementation whereas the Empirical research is an unwritten positive legal research concerning the behavior of community members in community relations. The resolution in handling of violations in the general election is still less effective because there are still many violations that still occur at the time the general election takes place and the sanctions given have no clear firmness and have not caused a deterrent effect for who committed violations. Keywords: Effectiveness, Supervision, Violations

Social Control in the Face of Digital Propaganda

Purpose: The subject of research presented in this article is to analyze society in the face of digital propaganda, methods and instruments used, which ubiquity affects changes in the behavior of community members, which adversely affect social cohesion. Disrupting internal controlling processes pose a threat to state security. Design/Methodology/Approach: The main research method is literature review due to the theoretical form of conducted research. Conclusions: The result of the research is a conclusion distinguishing the most critical factors detrimental to the preservation of the autonomy of the system (state) due to the influence of external cyber propaganda. Practical implications: The conducted research aims to provide the basis for working out strategic recommendations for strengthening the state's information security and creating assumptions for training the staff of the state administration, social organizations, and economic entities in this field. Because without rational shaping of the infosphere, the state, its economy, and armed forces cannot function. Originality/Value: The article presents a systemic analysis of the phenomenon of social control in the face of external propaganda with its methods and instruments, fake news, manipulation formulating the recognition of the causes of influence, and susceptibility of users to fake news.

Estimation of the standard model of the water footprint of individuals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The study aims to estimate the elements of water footprint and total water footprint of individuals in Saudi Arabia, and the study concluded that the average total water footprint of the individuals in the study sample was about 2329 m3/person/year, of which the food water footprint represents about 80%, and the water footprint of domestic and industrial use is about 20%. By conducting an analysis of variance, it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the averages of the estimates of the food water footprint per person according to the source of the difference represented by the different regions of the kingdom. It also showed the statistical insignificance of the difference between the average industrial water footprints per person according to gender. The results of the standard model indicate that an increase in household income and family size by 10% will increase the water footprint of the individual by 1.8% and 0.2%, respectively. By estimating the standard model to show the effect of the joint interaction between quantitative and formal variables on the total water footprint of the individual in Saudi Arabia, it becomes clear that the effect of the educational level and nationality together is estimated at 286.24 m3, which represents about 12.3% of the total water footprint of the individual and shows the importance of setting policies and programs through which it is possible for reorienting the patterns and behaviors of community members in the kingdom to use water optimally.

Self-reported drinking behaviors and observed violation of state-mandated social restriction and alcohol control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from nationally-representative surveys in Thailand

BackgroundIn Thailand, alcohol is consumed in social setting. The Thai government introduced a ban on alcohol sales and other measures at the beginning of COVID-19 lockdown with gradual lifts. However, drinking behaviors, behaviors of community members, and alcohol marketing activities during the ban and lifts have not been described. MethodsWe contracted a survey research firm to conduct four phone-based cross-sectional surveys between April and July 2020 (n = 6239 participants in total). Participants were recruited from all regions and Bangkok. We also summarized alcohol control measures as reported by multiple sources. We analyzed data from Waves 1 thru 4 using descriptive statistics with adjustment for sampling weight. ResultsA total of 6239 persons participated in the 4 waves of surveys. Among survey respondents who were drinkers, half did not drink alcohol during the alcohol sale ban while one-third reported drinking less than usual in the past 30 days. Almost no participant reported drinking more than usual. During the ban (Wave 1), one-sixth of respondents noticed social drinking in their areas while less than 6 percent reported witnessing alcohol sale. Online parties were the predominant alcohol marketing activity, but became less common during Wave 3 compared to Wave 2. Discussion and conclusionsEver drinkers either abstained from alcohol or drank less than usual during the ban on alcohol sale. However, social drinking and alcohol sale persisted despite the ban.

Resource management and joint-planning in fragmented societies

Does the division of a society into identity groups increase the risk of unsustainable resource use? This study considers the theory that diversity leads to degradation by preventing joint-planning across a community of resource users. A cooperative game theory model is used to derive conditions that should make this problem appear. When resource users can plan extraction choices together, sufficient uncertainty about the value of a shared resource (“environmental uncertainty”) will incentivize them to stably make decisions in as large a group as possible. However, that is only true when players are also pessimistic about the behavior of community members not directly involved in joint planning with themselves. If those conditions are met, the probability that a community will deplete their shared resource rises as they fragment into more and more identity groups that do not make decisions together. In sum, this study demonstrates that a combination of pessimism about the behavior of non-coalition members and sufficient environmental uncertainty give rise to a negative effect of social diversity. Among other things, these findings may help explain the mixed effectiveness of some conservation policies, and improve our understanding of how events that prime inter-group tensions can have downstream sustainability consequences.

Social inclusion, care and belonging of children with spina bifida: perspectives from Uganda

This study presents a situation analysis on daily functioning, caregiving, and inclusion of children with spina bifida in Uganda. 139 children with spina bifida and their families from 4 regions in Uganda participated in this study. Findings show how a complex play of cultural values, globalization and access to biomedical care determines knowledge, and negative attitudes about, and perception of children with spina bifida. Families and private non for profit organisations are the main providers of care of the children. Children with spina bifida had a more negative perception of themselves, were Jess likely to be in school, and had lower cognitive outcome compared to their siblings. Daily functioning and social inclusion were affected by motor function, incontinence, lack of support for caregivers, low household income, limited resources and knowledge of inclusive teaching, bullying, and inaccessibility of public transport, roads, and buildings. Positive experiences of belonging were found at family and household level and were closely related to the ‘ubuntu’ concept. When a child belongs, the child has a chance to live, to participate, to become, to be included. To facilitate inclusion, families need to be supported, and negative attitudes and behaviour of community members, teachers, and health workers need to be addressed.

Social inclusion, care and belonging of children with spina bifida: perspectives from Uganda

This study presents a situation analysis on daily functioning, caregiving, and inclusion of children with spina bifida in Uganda. 139 children with spina bifida and their families from 4 regions in Uganda participated in this study. Findings show how a complex play of cultural values, globalization and access to biomedical care determines knowledge, and negative attitudes about, and perception of children with spina bifida. Families and private non for profit organisations are the main providers of care of the children. Children with spina bfida had a more negative perception of themselves, were less likely to be in school, and had lower cognitive outcome compared to their siblings. Daily functioning and social inclusion were affected by motor function, incontinence, lack of support for caregivers, low household income, limited resources and knowledge of inclusive teaching, bullying, and inaccessibility of public transport, roads, and buildings. Positive experiences of belonging were found at family and household level and were closely related to the ‘ubuntu’ concept. When a child belongs, the child has a chance to live, to participate, to become, to be included. To facilitate inclusion, families need to be supported, and negative attitudes and behaviour of community members, teachers, and health workers need to be addressed. Key words: disability, inclusion, spina bifida, Uganda, Africa

PERMASALAHAN PEMBELAJARAN PKn MULAI DIPERSEKOLAHAN SD MENGAHADAPI KEHIDUPAN KINI DAN AKAN DATANG

Citizenship Education (Civics) taught for the purpose of forming students into human beings who have a sense of nationalism and patriotism, as well as being a good citizen, democratic, capable of supporting a sovereign nation. In this regard, schools ranging from elementary school to the High school is a sow, sow, inculcate and develop positive values to students. The values are imparted to learners should be relatively fixed, unchanged, meaning that fundamentally unchanged or at least very difficult to change from one generation to the next. Because Teaching Civics is the knowledge that forms the civic skills and then establish citizenship have the skills to participate include intellectual skills that shape attitudes and behavior of good citizenship, honest and responsible towards themselves. The problems that concern the life of Indonesian society today is the reality of life witnessed by elementary school students occurred ketimpanagan with various offenses. Indeed, all these efforts there are results that should be appreciated. However, for the perpetrators of corruption are not those already studying Civics? A more severe and corruption has penetrated into the world pendidikan.Darmawan (2009) said that in this connection there are a lot of problems including declining quality of education, lack of facilities, educational infrastructures that lead to poor quality of graduation. Also resulted in educational institutions in the country may lead young people to look elsewhere are considered better. In a broader sense that philosophy of the nation of Indonesia in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and the Law on National Education, penyelenggeraannya yet substantially implemented and consciously in people's lives now and to contain fears of the future. In the case expected by the National Education, especially the Civics Education as an integrated knowledge system in all forms of activities and behavior of community members that citizenship of Indonesia. Should it be answered and implemented democratic, fair and not discriminatory to uphold human rights, religious values, cultural values and diversity of the nation and based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the form of its solution must be able to answer the challenge, conflicts of Indonesia today, the future and which will come. Key Words: learning civic education, elementary schooling, life now and will come

Analysis of open innovation communities from the perspective of social network analysis

Open innovation is an emergent paradigm by which organisations make use of their internal and external resources to perform their innovation processes. The growth of information and communication technologies has facilitated the spread of online open innovation communities, where users can share ideas as well as comment on and evaluate ideas posted by other community members. In this work, the behaviour of community members is analysed from the perspective of social network analysis. The final aim is twofold: first, to measure to what extent the different forms of participation are correlated to each other; and, second, how the collective intelligence evaluation schemes can be useful to identify those users posting ideas which are potentially applicable for the organisation. Obtained results can help community managers and organisations to improve the efficiency of the evaluation process when hundreds or thousands of ideas are shared through the online community.

ENGAGING THE COMMUNITY IN HEALTH RESEARCH IN INDIA.

Community-engaged research approaches involve members of the community in various aspects of a research endeavor to improve the health of populations. Engaging the community in research is important in the development, dissemination, and evaluation of new interventions, technologies, and other medical advancements to improve population health globally. A review of published community-engaged research studies conducted in India was performed. Fifteen published studies were identified and reviewed to evaluate the state of community-engaged research in India. The review indicated that community-engaged research in India is limited. Most published community-engaged research focused on health promotion, especially in the prevention or management of HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Community members were involved in a variety of aspects of the research, but there was not one published article indicating that community members had defined the disease of focus. Community-engaged research often led to valuable insights into the views, experiences, and behaviors of community members and also led to increased community participation in health initiatives. It is anticipated that future community-engaged research will lead to improvements in global health through increased empowerment of communities and a better ability to implement new and innovative medical advances, technologies, and interventions.