Behavior Of Actors Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL ATTITUDES AND PERSONALITY TOWARDS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR IN MSMEs MEMBERS OF RUMAH BUMN BRI SEMARANG

Problems that are often of concern to MSME actors include problems related to their financial knowledge, skills in preparing budgets, and problems regarding their financial attitudes. Therefore, the researcher conducted further research with the aim of (1) Knowing the influence of Financial Knowledge on Financial Management Behavior in MSME Actors Members of the Rumah BUMN BRI Semarang (2) Knowing the influence of Financial Attitudes on Financial Management Behavior in MSME Actors Members of the the Rumah BUMN BRI Semarang, (3) Knowing the influence of Personality on Financial Management Behavior in MSME Actors Members of the Rumah BUMN BRI Semarang. This study uses the Random Sampling technique with a sample of 100 MSMEs taken randomly. Data analysis technique with Multiple Linear Regression and the results of the study showed that (1) there was a positive and significant influence of Financial Knowledge on Financial Management Behavior with a significance value of > from 0.05 which was 0.000, (2) there was a positive and significant influence of Financial Attitude on Financial Management with a significance value of > from 0.05 namely 0.031, (3) there is a positive and significant influence of Personality on Financial Management Behavior with a significance value of > from 0.05, which is 0.000. Based on the data from the research, MSME actors still need to increase their attention to financial knowledge, financial attitudes and personality which are priorities so that the financial management behavior of MSME actors can be better, so that the direction of the business run will be clearer.

In-group we trust, no more? How senders’ legitimacy shapes the success of sanctions-based democracy promotion

For decades, pro-democracy states and organizations have been using coercive measures such as sanctions to promote and uphold democratic governance worldwide, yet not always successfully. Recent research has improved our knowledge on such ‘democracy sanctions’, but our understanding of how the different identities of sanctioners shape their success is not complete yet. Focusing on Africa, one of the biggest recipients of such measures but also a primary sender of them especially through the African Union, this article aims to systematically compare how the sanctioning behaviour of regional and extra-regional actors has impacted on the democratic status of the continent since the 1990s. The empirical analysis reconsiders the comparative advantage of regional actors’ legitimacy to explain the likelihood of democracy sanctions success. It shows that ‘in-group’ democracy sanctions in which regional organizations are involved have bigger chances of success than those imposed by higher-capacity yet less-legitimate extra-regional actors only. However, it also shows in-group legitimacy can erode and that cooperation with such local organizations can help contain global democratic erosion, but hardly achieve democratic deepening, due to soft, face-saving compliance criteria and different understandings democracy and its promotion have across the world.

The Influence of Financial Literacy, Personal Income, And Education Level on The Financial Behavior of MSMEs in Malang Regency

MSMEs are pillars of the country's economy which play a role in creating markets, creating jobs and reducing poverty levels. As an MSME actor, good financial behaviour is very necessary because financial factors have a crucial role in determining business sustainability, which can be the main source of income for the most of MSME actor. Therefore, this research aims to see the influence of financial literacy, personal income, and education level on the financial behavior of MSME actors in Malang Regency. A total of 100 respondents were obtained in this research through distributing questionnaires. The research method is quantitative descriptive research with the used of a multiple linear regression method. The research showed that financial literacy and education level have a significant influence on the financial behavior of MSME actors in Malang Regency. Meanwhile, in this research it was found that personal income did not have a significant effect on the financial behavior of MSME actors in Malang Regency. Through this research, it can be concluded that financial literacy, personal income and education level have an influence of 53.7% on the financial behavior of MSME actors in Malang Regency. Meanwhile, the other 43.3% was influenced by various variables that were not in this study. This research delves into the human aspects driving these enterprises by examining three critical factors: financial literacy, personal income, and education level, providing a new perspective on the factors that influence financial behavior among MSME actors.

The Effect of Financial Literacy on Financial Behavior of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ulugawo District, Nias Regency

Low financial literacy has significant implications, including restricted access to financial institutions and mismanagement of money and wealth. A common consequence of low financial literacy is the limited access to financial services, often restricted to banks. This issue is particularly prevalent among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), where poor financial literacy hinders both business growth and economic development. Many individuals lack the financial knowledge necessary to manage investments, pay bills on time, and maintain a budget, all of which are essential for sound financial management. In the case of MSME actors in Ulugawo sub-district, observations reveal that many do not have a clear understanding of financial management, nor do they maintain proper financial records. This lack of financial knowledge often leads to difficulties in organizing expenditures and managing finances. As a result, many MSMEs struggle to present their financial standing clearly, making them ineligible for capital credit access. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of financial literacy on the financial behavior of MSME actors in Ulugawo, Nias. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach, with data collected through questionnaires. The data analysis revealed that financial literacy accounts for 70% of the variation in financial behavior among MSMEs in Ulugawo, indicating that the remaining 30% is influenced by other factors not covered in this study. The t-test results for the financial literacy variable (X) showed a t-value of 2.191, with a significance level of 5%. The calculated r-value was greater than the critical r-value (r-calculated > r-estimated, 1.6759), confirming the significant influence of financial literacy on financial behavior.

An investigation of the factors underlying informal settlement growth: The case of Burayu City, Ethiopia

Informal settlements in developing countries' cities are becoming more and more widespread. The city of Burayu is no exception to this trend. To address the challenges involved, it is important to understand the reasons for the prevalence and perseverance of informal settlement. However, there is a lack of institutional and actor perspectives to investigate the process and factors driving the growth of informal settlement in Burayu city. This study investigates the process and precipitating factors underlying the growth of informal settlements based on institutions, structure and agency and social non-compliance perspectives. Primary data for this study were gathered via key informant interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Secondary data were obtained from the empirical data. This study revealed that local informal institutions such as social networking play a crucial role in the growth process of informal settlement by fostering an informal written contract of sale. The study also identified rural-urban migration, speculation, locational choice, and lack of good governance as precipitating causes for the growth of informal settlement. In addition, actors use formal institutional loopholes to engage in informal buildings. Therefore, along with government structure ineffectiveness, the behavior of informal actors’ was also identified as an important, albeit often neglected, factor in the growth of informal settlements. Identifying the impact of various informal actors' behaviors on the proliferation of informal settlements is vital not only for improving relationships among actors but also for introducing relevant institutions to control informal actors to improve land governance.

Down the banking hole: Investigating the case of Slovenian banks

The aim of this paper is to analyse who was responsible for the deterioration of the Slovenian banking sector to such an extent that it was almost destroyed by the 2008 financial crisis, necessitating the consideration of an international bailout. A literature review focused specifically on reports from law enforcement agencies and commissions that investigated banking practices, complemented by a qualitative empirical study. In order to gain insight into the reasons why this situation unfolded, ten structured interviews were conducted. The interviewees included experts with experience in the fields of prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of economic crime, bad credit management, central banking, parliamentary committee management, forensic investigations, investigative journalism, and experts with academic knowledge in law and economics. Five different investigations explored the behaviour of banking sector actors before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. These investigations revealed behaviours ranging from negligence to criminal acts. The interviews indicated that the perpetrators were individuals of high social status with significant influence, explaining why people are often not willing to testify against them. On the detection and prosecution front, the main challenges were fears among criminal investigators, prosecutors, judges, and others of retaliation from superiors, job loss, and being publicly lambasted in the media.

Moral judgments of outgroup cultural use.

Outgroup cultural use elicits controversy, including about whether it is immoral. The objective of the current work was to ask how laypeople morally evaluate individuals who adopt elements of outgroup culture for their own use and to probe a psychological mechanism underlying these evaluations. In three studies, participants provided moral evaluations of actors who engaged in outgroup versus ingroup cultural use. In Study 2, participants additionally rated how harmful each actor's behavior was; in Study 3, participants learned whether or not each behavior caused harm. Study 1 demonstrated the basic effect that participants rated actors who engaged in outgroup cultural use as less moral than actors who did not. Two preregistered follow-up studies highlighted the role of perceived harm in these moral judgments, as greater perceptions of harm led to harsher moral judgments of actors who used outgroup cultural elements among both Black and White perceivers. By integrating work on intergroup relations and moral psychology, the current research suggests that some forms of outgroup cultural use may signal a moral shortcoming for high-status actors and is among the first to illuminate the cognitive processes driving these moral judgments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Building Trust and Trustworthiness in Public Institutions: Essential Elements in Placing Trust at the Heart of Health Policy and Systems Comment on "Placing Trust at the Heart of Health Policy and Systems".

In this commentary, I argue that societies are facing major crises in trust that extends well beyond health systems, outlining actions that can enhance trust in public institutions and benefit health systems. There are also areas where strengthening health systems can serve to build broader trust and social cohesion, such as by providing social protection and health services that are responsive to people's needs. Understanding the dimensions of "trustworthiness" for different actors in a health system also provide insights on how to build, restore, and maintain trust. Whereas research evidence claims a foundational role for trustworthy intervention among health professions, other factors may be more influential for others. These include the credibility of the source, participation in the intervention with observably fair distribution of the benefits, the ethical behavior of key actors, reliability in service delivery and its results, transparent and consistent communications, and addressing breaches in trust.

Tracing the Application of Modern Principles of International Humanitarian Law in the pre-Christian War between King Duṭugamunu and Elāra in Sri Lanka

The war between King Duṭugamunu and Elāra is the most significant singular war that took place in the pre-Christian period in Sri Lanka. It has the elements of modern international armed conflict (IAC). A local monarch waged it to unify the nation against an invading foreign force led by a foreign ruler who seized power through regicide. This historical conflict sparked extensive debates, criticisms, and varying interpretations, contributing to distortions of factual accounts. The studies analysing this battle from the perspectives of the modern International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is minimal. The branch of public international law that deals with IAC is International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The research problem that was investigated is 'Did the Sri Lankan monarch comply with the modern principles of international humanitarian law when there were no such laws at that time in the world and thereby, does that monarch deserve to be called as the founder of IHL? Accordingly, this study aims at analysing the motives, intentions, and conduct including the pre-conflict, in-conflict, and post-conflict behaviour of key actors and the war's outcome from the perspectives of IHL. The methodology used for this study is literature review. It is qualitative and interpretative in nature. The historical sources, international conventions and national legislations were used as primary and secondary sources for this purpose. The focus of the analysis is the evaluation of IHL principles in the context of the historical war. This study provides a unique analysis that suggests the application of principles akin to modern IHL by the ruling monarch nearly two millennia before the formal establishment of such principles. The major finding is that some 2019 years prior to the international community introduced the modern IHL principles such as humanity, avoidance of unnecessary suffering, proportionality of damages, humane treatment of prisoners of war (POW) etc., the ruling Sri Lankan monarch has recognised and applied them in this war and has recognised the new principle of Eternal Honour to POWs which is yet to recognise by IHL. Keywords: Humanitarian; International; Law; Vijiṭapura; War

The Influence of Personal Norms and Tax Compliance Intentions on The Tax Compliance Behavior of MSME Actors

The Influence of Personal Norms and Tax Compliance Intentions on The Tax Compliance Behavior of MSME Actors

The Meloni-Casellati Institutional Reform

Abstract This study examines the Meloni-Casellati institutional reform in Italy. This reform constitutes a relevant political fact that could potentially affect the functioning of political institutions and the behavior of political actors in the country. The reform aims to strengthen the link between voter preferences and government formation and enhance government stability. The proposal, consisting of four substantive articles, abolishes life senators, modifies the Head of State’s dissolution powers, introduces the direct election of the prime minister and a peculiar confidence mechanism. This study explores the historical context and motivations behind the reform proposal, examining its potential impact on the country’s politics. Then, it describes the various steps of the reform drafting. Finally, it compares the Meloni-Casellati proposal with Israel’s 1992–2001 experiment concerning the direct election of the prime minister, scrutinizing similarities and differences. If approved, the reform will introduce a new, unprecedented government system in Italy, that has never been adopted elsewhere. As such, this topic poses relevant theoretical challenges for political science research, eliciting scholarly attention about Italian politics, government forms, institutional design, and ruling and opposition parties behavior.

The future image as a component of political subjective space: testing the conceptual model

The image of the future of youth is described in this paper and its relationship with the subjective space of politics is identified. The article provides a brief analysis of research on the image of the future within the framework of social and political sciences, describes the main theoretical approaches to analyzing the future image of youth. The authors give their own conceptual definition of the future image as a component of the political subjective space, a set of symbolic, ideological and cultural meanings that determine the orientation and behavior of various political actors. The authors as a methodology use focus group interviews, online questionnaires of youth representatives in order to verify the conceptual model of the study. The dynamic nature of the future image as a part of political subjective space is determined by a system of institutions, agents and factors of socialization. Five key components have been identified in the structure of the future image: content, value, emotions, activity and technology. Four projection levels of the future image are defined: personal, group, projection at the level of the macro community and global. The study indicates the predominance of personal projection in the respondents' ideas about the future. Despite the presence of worries and fears for their personal future, young people are generally confident in their own future and believe that the Russian state will continue to play an important role as a world power. An important characteristic of the future image is the subjectivity of its bearer, the degree of activity or proactivity and the willingness to take responsibility for their own future and the future of their families, local community, region, country, and the world. Locus control, that is, a subjective assessment of the factors (personal efforts or external circumstances) on which the future depends, according to the study, is associated with the degree of confidence in the future, the formation of a positive future image. The predominance of civic identity in the hierarchy of identities is also revealed. Young people feel responsible for the future of their country. At the moment, Russian civic identity has a positive impact on the future image of young people. It is significant that among students studying in the Luhansk People's Republic, the level of concern about the future is higher, the level of civil identity is lower, which indicates that the task of forming civil identity should be prioritized in the new regions of the Russian Federation.

Beyond liberalization: employers’ organizations’ varied responses to employment law

PurposeA key meta-narrative of Employment Relations in the UK over recent decades has been that of labour market deregulation. However, governments have simultaneously introduced workplace rights legislation that juridified individual employment relationships. Within this process, employers and their representatives, Employers’ Organizations (EOs), are generally depicted as opposing the introduction of employment law or attempting to weaken its application. Contrary to this belief, our research identified a range of other responses to ask: how and why have EO responses varied?Design/methodology/approachThis article draws on primary qualitative and quantitative data from three projects; one examined the totality of EOs in the UK while the others examined topic-specific behaviour of EOs and other actors. The main source is the first project and its 98 interviews with representatives of EOs and related organisations between 2013 and 2017.FindingsWe demonstrate that opposition is not the only EO response to individual employment law by identifying three others: compliance, advocating for law and going beyond legally stipulated requirements by promoting voluntary standards/best practice. The article argues that there are two explanations for this pattern. One is that individual EOs possess different sets of member interests, the other relates to differences in their organizational characteristics.Originality/valueThe article makes two contributions to the literature. One is that our identification of varying responses challenges more unitary accounts emphasising neoliberal and deregulatory patterns. The other lies in our identification of causal forces not previously identified. Both combine to illustrate how the neo-liberal order is not characterised by employer consensus as to regulation.

The Promise and Failure of Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process in 1990s: A Literature Review

In 2023, the world marked 30 years since the start of the Oslo process, which sought to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Given the ultimate breakdown of these negotiations, it is crucial to examine the evolution of academic research on this process, identifying its key themes and trends. This literature review focuses on both empirical and theoretical studies of the Oslo process, with a particular emphasis on research that investigates the reasons behind its failure. Such studies provide valuable insights for developing more effective models of negotiation and conflict resolution. Initially, the commencement of the Oslo negotiations was met with optimism in the academic community, with scholars highlighting the pivotal role of individual leaders in successfully launching the process. However, as the peace process faltered, the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations were analyzed through existing theoretical frameworks. Various scholars critically examined the Oslo Accords from the perspective of international law and highlighted economic factors that obstructed the path to a lasting peace. Other studies explored indirect influences on the peace process, such as public opinion and electoral dynamics, often employing Robert Putnam's “two-level games” theory. Nevertheless, these studies mainly address the immediate causes of the peace process’s failure and do not fully account for the underlying motivations driving the behavior of actors in the negotiations. Research into the deeper causes of the Oslo process’s collapse has highlighted socio-psychological barriers, such as the “conflict syndrome” and issues of ontological security. Scholars have investigated the roles of historical memory, collective trauma, and cultural identities in shaping negotiation outcomes. The rise of interdisciplinary approaches—combining insights from psychology, philosophy, and linguistics—has been essential for understanding the complex dimensions of this conflict. The diverse body of research and theories inspired by the Oslo peace process continues to influence the field of negotiation and conflict resolution studies, underscoring the enduring significance of this critical episode in diplomatic history.

Does Speculation Matter in the Carbon Pricing Framework? Insights from the EU Emissions Trading System

To align with the global goal of keeping temperature below [Formula: see text]C, a market-based initiative, “Emissions Trading System” (ETS), has been developed to mitigate climate change. However, while the carbon allowances traded at the ETS are mostly held and traded by polluting companies, financial actors engage in “speculation”, activities that might be detrimental to the functioning of the ETS have also invested in the ETS. By drawing from the big data archive of Google Trends, we construct a news-based speculation index to proxy for the role of speculation in the dynamics of carbon pricing. Given our preliminary finding of inherent volatility and the mixed-frequency nature of the dataset, we employ the GARCH-MIDAS econometric technique to test the hypothesis that an all-inclusive framework that reflects the emission compliance and emissions non-compliance dynamics of the ETS is the most accurate approach to modeling carbon prices. We show that higher speculation in the ETS fosters higher long-term volatility in carbon prices, that speculation is a good predictor of carbon prices, and that its positive impact on carbon price returns makes the ETS an attractive investment opportunity. We provide a data-driven framework upon which the growing debate about whether the behavior of the non-compliance emission actors in the ETS endangers or benefits the functioning of the ETS can be evaluated empirically.

Temporal Matrix Factorization: A polynomial approach to latent factor estimation

Matrix Factorization (MF) is a simple and efficient Machine Learning (ML) technique to discover latent factors that help in explaining the underlying behaviour of actors (for instance, in the domain of recommender systems the actors could be users/items). The technique uses observed data, generated by the actors, to derive the latent factors. With time, more and more observed data that spans across a wide range of time period gets accumulated. The abundance of this data, allows us to discover new behavioural patterns. One such pattern is that, the latent factor values change with time. Most of the existing matrix factorization techniques are agnostic to time of occurrence of the event and fail to foresee the temporal changes in the actor behaviour. Deep neural networks are effective in predicting the recommendations with time, however, the ability to explain the underlying pattern and the associated rationale is poor. In our work, we propose a novel matrix factorization technique to estimate the temporal changes in the user behaviour and demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving time dependent recommendations.

Exploring the Role of Economic and Digital Literacy in Shaping Entrepreneurial Behavior in Online Business Platforms

This study explores the influence of economic and digital literacy on entrepreneurial behavior among business actors registered on the Grab application. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research draws on primary data collected from respondents to analyze the relationship between these literacy levels and entrepreneurial behavior. The analysis methods include descriptive and statistical analyses, such as multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing, and correlation analysis. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between economic literacy and digital literacy on entrepreneurial behavior. This suggests that a solid understanding of economic principles, coupled with effective use of digital technology, plays a crucial role in shaping the entrepreneurial behavior of business actors in Makassar City, particularly those in the culinary sector. The study highlights the importance of enhancing both economic and digital literacy to foster entrepreneurial success. Business actors are encouraged to participate in training and literacy programs to develop the necessary knowledge and skills that will enable them to thrive in the competitive business environment.

Systematic Approach to Academic Teamwork as Basis of Effective Cooperation

A systematic approach to teamwork is important for clarifying the behavior of actors in a cooperative environment. The cooperative game as system steps is most often shown in teamwork. The aim of this article is to present the results of this research, in which two rounds of an experiment were carried out and then an interview was held to clarify the results. We pointed out academic teamwork. This article focuses on the research of team cooperation under specified conditions of an experiment on students, which were divided into organized and unorganized teams and assigned two different tasks. Within this research, team cooperation, quality of team results, and conflicts in teams were observed. Detailed results are presented in this article. The results of this research mainly present the different quality of team outputs, which is caused by the different abilities of the members of individual groups and not by the different form of team formation. The main result is also that knowledge and training on how to work together in a team had a positive impact on team results. From a managerial point of view, we see room for establishing an exact strategic procedure in the form of cooperation moves for a positive result of team cooperation in the business environment we are presenting.

Quai d’Orsay Led by an Amateur? Revealing the Unknown – Jules Develle

This paper aims to reconstruct the tenure of Jules Develle, the French foreign minister in 1893. The analysis of Develle’s conduct is based on his dealing with two major events of the time - the Egyptian crisis and the Franco-Siamese War - against which his activities and their reflection in the contemporary press are traced. Based on the analysis of primary sources, namely Develle’s personal and official correspondence, which have so far been neglected by scholars, and comparing it with the correspondence of Develle’s colleagues, associates, political partners, and the contemporary press, the paper offers a unique portrait of a politician who has been overlooked by modern historiography. Besides revealing the unknown politician, this study also contributes to an understanding of the workings of the Quai d’Orsay during the Third Republic. Furthermore, it seeks to analyse the decisions made by France vis à vis the two key events in the French foreign policy of 1893, as well as the specific culture of behaviour of the various political actors at the time.

Undermining liberal international organizations from within: Evidence from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

AbstractInternational organizations promoting democratic governance and human rights are increasingly challenged by some of their own member states. To better understand this dynamic, we propose a distinction between the illiberal ideology of political parties and their regime environment, aiming to examine the international behavior of actors extending beyond autocratic governments. We argue that the domestic regime environment plays a pivotal role in influencing the extent to which illiberal parties engage in contestation to undermine liberal norms on the international stage. We expect contestation behavior to be primarily driven by illiberal parties seeking to diminish the influence of liberal international politics on domestic power structures. Moreover, we contend that government participation moderates illiberal parties’ contestation behavior. To test our expectations empirically, we study roll call votes in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), one of the most powerful international parliaments promoting liberal values. Drawing on an original dataset that records approximately 500,000 individual votes cast in PACE decisions, we find evidence for substantive contestation by illiberal parties, especially those representing illiberal regimes. Only illiberal governments in liberal systems moderate themselves at the amendment stage. Our study has implications for the potential threat that emerging illiberal actors pose to international liberal institutions.