Behavior Management Strategies Research Articles

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Separated Parents of a 3-Year-Old Child with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Callous and unemotional (CU) traits are associated with an earlier onset of conduct problems in children. The presence of CU traits typically predicts a severe, stable, and aggressive pattern of behavior, especially when the onset of such behaviors begins in childhood. Children with conduct problems and CU continue to exhibit challenging behavior despite implementation of behavior management strategies compared to children with conduct problems alone. An emerging body of research suggests that Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) specifically tailored to address the characteristics unique to CU traits (PCIT-CU) may be an effective intervention for children with conduct problems + CU. This case study presents the treatment of a 3-year-old boy using PCIT-CU who presents with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—combined presentation (ADHD-C), and CU traits. Both caregivers participated but were separated. Following the completion of treatment, conduct problems improved, parent ratings of CU traits decreased, and positive parenting practices increased. This case study adds to the growing literature in support of tailoring behavioral management training interventions for children with conduct problems + CU.

Cognitive and behavioral weight management strategies during the menopausal transition: Insights from the Menopause and Weight Loss (ME-WEL) project

ObjectiveMost women experience weight gain during the menopausal transition, often attributed to behavioral factors. Nevertheless, some women successfully maintain a healthy weight during this phase. This study aims to identify the successful cognitive and behavioral weight management strategies employed by postmenopausal women who effectively maintained a healthy weight during the menopausal transition (from premenopause to postmenopause). MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 Portuguese postmenopausal women, aged 45–65 years (mean and standard deviation 54.06 ± 5.51) who successfully maintained a healthy weight (body mass index: 18.5 kg/m2–24.9 kg/m2) during the menopausal transition. The interviews were conducted via telephone (n = 29) and Zoom (n = 2), based on the participant's preference, and ranged from 11 to 52 min (22.06 ± 9.95). Using MAXQDA software, deductive-dominant content analysis of the interviews was performed. The Interface of R for the Multidimensional Analyses of Texts and Questionnaire software was used for lexical analysis. ResultsThe qualitative analysis of cognitive and behavioral strategies for successful weight management yielded 17 categories and 37 sub-categories. Effective cognitive and behavioral strategies (e.g., planning content, stimulus control, support: help from others) were identified, mostly aligning with the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors Taxonomy. Five new categories emerged: dietary choices, intuitive eating, food literacy, psychological self-care, and effortful inhibition. ConclusionKnowing effective cognitive and behavioral weight management strategies for menopausal women is relevant, especially considering their status as a high-risk group. This knowledge provides a valuable guide for designing weight management interventions, emphasizing the essential role of behavioral change.

Experiences of Parents as Para-Teachers to their Elementary Children

This study aimed to describe the experiences of parents as para-teachers of their child’s education at home that would serve as basis to improve the delivery of primary education instruction. The participants were the ten parents of learners enrolled in a public elementary school, utilizing exploratory case study design to explore the experiences of the parents. A semi- structured interview guide was used to gather the data. Ethical considerations were observed in data collection. The themes were extracted using thematic content analysis. The findings were: time constraint, inattentive child, and unskillful parents are the challenges encountered by the participants; their coping mechanisms with the challenges encountered are strong partnerships are established, discipline is strongly implemented, different types of motivation are applied, initiative disposition is developed, and personal attributes are amplified; and strengthening of stakeholders’ partnership, capacitating parent’s basic instructional skills, and improving parental behavior management strategies are the insights derived from the experiences of the parents.

A Survey of Rural Special Education Teachers’ Professional Development Experiences

Opportunities for professional development (PD) are the key for teachers to improve their skills in a variety of areas and situations, including, but not limited to, technology in the classroom, positive behavior management strategies, effective collaboration, and making instructional accommodations for students with disabilities. These areas of PD are especially important for special education teachers. However, opportunities to access PD may vary greatly, especially for special educators who work in rural locations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to survey special education teachers serving rural or non-rural (i.e., suburban or urban) communities in Nebraska about their unique PD experiences. Results indicated that special educators in rural areas often use their regional service agency to access PD opportunities and perceive those experiences positively. Suggestions for improving PD include providing relevant content during training and allocating resources to increase PD attendance. Recommendations for improvements are provided.

Exploring behavior management strategies in pediatric group therapy

The iFriend outpatient group therapy program at Bradley Hospital promotes social competence in a school‐age population. The 10‐week‐program helps children ages 8–11 develop and practice social skills in a small group setting. The skills developed include understanding body language, finding shared interests, conversation initiation and closing, perspective taking, equitable communication, and problem solving. iFriend also aims to teach parents/guardians strategies to help their children integrate the targeted skills into daily life.

Amelioration: An Innovative Approach to Behavior Management Based on Cognitive Process

ABSTRACT Aim: The study aimed to determine the applicability of psychological traits identified by Piaget sixty years ago to children in the current generation and to utilize these traits clinically for behavior modification. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants aged 4–7, divided into four groups. Three tests were administered to evaluate the manifestation of preoperational features. Based on the most noticeable aspect of cognitive development, tailored behavior management strategies were applied to help improve cooperation among the children. The study utilized Frankl’s behavior rating scale both before and after the intervention, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the outcomes. Results: Contrary to Piaget’s findings, the study revealed that 94% of children displayed egocentrism and centration at the age of four, with these traits gradually decreasing from four to seven years old. Moreover, better patient cooperation was observed when cognitive-based behavior management techniques were employed clinically, and the improvement was statistically significant at P < 0.001. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Amelioration, a cognitive feature-based behavior modification technique, represented the most effective way to elicit cooperative responses from children. This technique can be considered a novel and pioneering behavior management strategy for enhancing patient cooperation.

Advertising as An Influencing Factor on Consumer Behavior

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the role of advertising as a management strategy in contemporary business environments. It aims to explore how advertising interacts with customers and influences both internal and external organizational processes and activities. Additionally, the study seeks to address misconceptions surrounding advertising's purpose and societal impact, particularly regarding its perceived manipulation of consumers for monetary gain. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach to investigate the role of advertising in modern business practices. It involves a comprehensive review of literature and existing research to analyze the relationship between advertising, consumer behavior, and organizational management strategies. Results: The analysis reveals that advertising serves as a crucial management tool for businesses, facilitating interaction with customers and driving organizational processes. Contrary to misconceptions, advertising is not solely aimed at manipulating consumers for profit but also serves to fulfill customer needs for information about brands, services, and products. Additionally, the study finds that factors such as age, income, and satisfaction with promoted goods after purchase do not significantly influence the impact of advertisements on consumer purchasing decisions. Conclusion: In conclusion, advertising plays a multifaceted role in contemporary business environments, serving as both a communication tool and a management strategy. While it is often misunderstood and criticized for its perceived manipulative nature, advertising remains a fundamental aspect of modern marketing practices. By understanding the complexities of advertising's influence on consumer behavior, businesses can develop more effective marketing strategies and better serve their customers' needs.

Functional Behavioral Assessment as an alternative teaching strategy for managing the behavior of children with Autism

The aim of this study is to investigate effective behavior management strategies for children on the autism spectrum using a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) approach. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental neurobiological disorder that is often characterized by challenging behavior, such as tantrums, aggression, or difficulties in social communication. The research focused on a single child with autism, aged 6 years 11 months, identified as DT. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative research design, which involves data collection through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings of this research indicate that the Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) approach can provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the behavior of children with ASD. Behavior management strategies based on Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) consist of identifying individual needs, developing appropriate intervention programs, and ongoing monitoring.

Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Management.

Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease are relatively common drug-induced addictive behaviours that are usually triggered by the dopamine agonists pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine. This narrative review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. We summarised the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors and potential underlying mechanisms of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, recent advances in behavioural and imaging characteristics and management strategies are discussed. Early detection as well as a tailored multidisciplinary approach, which typically includes careful adjustment of the dopaminergic therapy and the treatment of associated neuropsychiatric symptoms, are necessary. In some cases, a continuous delivery of levodopa via a pump or the dopamine D1 receptor agonist, apomorphine, can be considered. In selected patients without cognitive or speech impairment, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus can also improve addictions. Finding the right balance of tapering dopaminergic dose (usually dopamine agonists) without worsening motor symptoms is essential for a beneficial long-term outcome.

Pivotal Role of Prison Libraries as an Information Resource for Prisoner Rehabilitation

Abstract This article delves into the multifaceted roles of prison libraries in rehabilitating and reintegrating incarcerated individuals. It begins by underscoring the significance of education in correctional facilities and the inherent challenges of providing access to educational resources due to security constraints. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the theoretical underpinnings that drive the rehabilitative functions of prison libraries and identify existing gaps in the literature. This research, through a comprehensive analysis of various empirical studies, reveals the pivotal role played by prison libraries in fostering personal growth, facilitating social integration among inmates, serving as havens where prisoners are afforded the autonomy to choose their reading materials, empowering them to enhance their lives through self-directed learning, and contributing to cultural enrichment, literacy advancement, and preparation for successful reintegration into society. The findings of this integrated literature review underscore the constructive influence of prison libraries on effective time management and offering meaningful activities for prisoner rehabilitation. This study highlights the need for further research that amalgamates robust theoretical frameworks with empirical evidence, thereby establishing how prison libraries can efficaciously contribute to prisoner rehabilitation. This study also informs policy formulation to enable correctional institutions to utilize these insights to bolster behavioural management strategies.

Disciplinary behaviour management strategies in schools and their impact on student psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review

Background Disciplinary behaviour management strategies are implemented in schools to manage pupil behaviour. There is limited evidence of their intended impact on behaviour but there is growing concern around the potential negative impacts on pupil wellbeing. Methods We carried out a systematic review to examine the impact of these strategies on psychosocial outcomes in pupils (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021285427). We searched multiple sources and double-screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done by one reviewer and checked by another. Results were narratively synthesised. Results We included 14 studies, from 5375 citations, assessing temporary suspension (n=10), verbal reprimand (n=2), and mixed strategies (n=2). Depression was the most common outcome (n=7), followed by academic grades (n=4) and behaviour in class (n=4). All except one study were at high risk of bias. We found a recurring pattern in the evidence of disciplinary strategies associated with poor mental wellbeing and behaviour in pupils. The effect on academic attainment was unclear. Conclusions Disciplinary behaviour management strategies may have negative impact on pupil mental wellbeing and class behaviour. These important consequences should be assessed in better designed studies before these strategies are implemented.

Perception of Behaviour Management Techniques for Paediatric Patients among Dental Officers

Introduction: Dental anxiety can be effectively managed by applying pharmacological and non-pharmacological behavioural management therapy approaches (BMT). This study investigated the dental officers’ perception of behaviour management techniques practiced in managing paediatric dental patients in primary dental clinics. Materials and methods: A quantitative study using structured online English questionnaires among dental officers serving in primary dental care services under the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH Malaysia) in Sabah. The acceptability of applied behaviour management techniques was measured using Likert scale from 0 to 10. Data was analysed using SPSS version 29 and descriptive data was presented. Results: Seventy-four dental officers involved in this study (Male= 14, Female= 60). Positive verbal reinforcement, tell-show-do, and offering an exact explanation of what the findings indicate are the most widely accepted behaviour management strategies (BMT), with mean scores of 9.5, 9.1, and 8.7, respectively. The least accepted BMT among dental officers in Sabah are immobilisation with a papoose board, preventing the child from speaking during treatment, and hand over mouth (HOM), with mean scores of 4.6, 3.6, and 3.2, respectively. Conclusion: The study concludes that the most recognized BMT is positive reinforcement technique regardless of age, experience and gender. This finding provides information in the development of modules for continuous professional development training among dental officers in the Ministry of Health Malaysia.

Attract-and-kill for managing Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) abundance and leaf injury in commercial vineyards.

Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) feeding negatively impacts many plant species, including grapes, potentially reducing fruit quality and yield. Chemical control, representing the current grower standard, relies on frequent broadcast applications of broad-spectrum insecticides, with alternative management strategies mostly lacking. Attract-and-kill (A&K) is a behavioral management strategy that combines semiochemical attractants and a killing agent on a substrate. This study assessed the impact of A&K on (i) the number of P. japonica adults and (ii) the percent of P. japonica feeding injury on grape foliage compared to the grower standard in commercial vineyards. This 2-year study was conducted at 3 commercial vineyards with 4 paired plots consisting of a grower standard control and an A&K treatment. The A&K treatment consisted of commercial lures, each placed on outside-edge grapevines, and weekly applications of carbaryl on the plants holding lures. The grower standard received broadcast insecticide applications at the grower's discretion. The A&K treatment experienced similar numbers of P. japonica adults and similar proportions of leaf injury compared to the grower standard. The use of A&K reduced by 96% the crop area treated with insecticides compared to the grower standard. The area treated by A&K was at the edge of the vineyards, where more leaf injury occurred regardless of treatment. A&K is a targeted approach that was effective at managing P. japonica and reducing chemical inputs on a small scale. It has the potential to be scaled up and refined to provide growers with a new management strategy.

Parental Responsivity and Child Communication During Mother-Child and Father-Child Interactions in Fragile X Syndrome.

Past research shows that parentally responsive behavior toward the child positively influences language development in both neurotypical children and children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including those with fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, most studies have focused exclusively on the mother-child relationship. The current study examined relationships between parent behavior (i.e., responsivity and behavior management) and child language performance in both mother-child and father-child interactions, as well as relationships between child characteristics and both parent behavior and child language. Participants were 23 families of young boys with FXS between 3 and 7 years of age. Mothers and fathers independently completed questionnaires assessing child characteristics and separately engaged in 12-min play-based interactions with their child via telehealth. One parent also completed a comprehensive interview assessing child adaptive behavior. Video recordings of the parent-child interactions were transcribed and coded for parent and child behavior, and measures of parent and child language were obtained from the transcripts. Mothers and fathers used similar rates of responsive behaviors during parent-child interactions, and parental responsivity was positively associated with some aspects of child language performance (i.e., talkativeness and lexical diversity). Parental behavior, however, was not associated with syntactic complexity. Older children and children with higher levels of adaptive behavior had parents who used higher rates of responsive behaviors. Fathers used higher rates of behavior management strategies compared to mothers, and this type of parent behavior was not associated with child language. Overall, this study provides evidence that interventions focused on increasing parental responsiveness would be beneficial for families of children with FXS and that these interventions should be delivered early given the association between responsivity and child age. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25229939.

Knowledge, Application, and Self-Efficacy in Implementing Behavior Management Strategies: A Brief Report on Preliminary Findings From Secondary Data

Students with mental health needs, behavioral support needs, and/or emotional disturbance can engage in internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, or both. Preservice and induction phase elementary general education teachers are reported to have limited education in providing evidence-based behavior management strategies, especially for students who engage in internalizing and/or externalizing behaviors. There is little understanding as to the differences in elementary general education teachers’ knowledge, application, and self-efficacy in applying evidence-based behavior management strategies between preservice teachers, first-year teachers, second-year teachers, and third-year teachers. The purpose of this preliminary secondary data analysis was to examine differences in elementary general education teacher knowledge, application, and self-efficacy in evidence-based behavior management strategies from preservice to induction phase teaching. Results indicated third-year teachers had significantly less behavior management knowledge than preservice teachers. All other results were nonsignificant; however, there were practical differences when comparing the four groups on the knowledge and application measures. Implications for findings indicate the need for induction programs to focus on evidence-based behavior management strategies to support the development of behavior management for induction phase elementary education teachers as they progress through their first 3 years of teaching.

Behavior management training for teachers in the induction phase

AbstractTeachers in the induction phase (i.e., the first 3 years of teaching) can be underprepared to support students who engage in challenging behavior. This can be due to limited preservice education and ongoing professional development in behavior management. Yet, students who engage in challenging behavior are at an increased risk of being referred to intervention services and/or special education, especially at the elementary level. The purposes of this randomized‐controlled trial were to identify the effects of an online behavior management training on teachers in the induction phase, as well as their perceptions of the training. Findings revealed teachers in the intervention group showed significant increases in knowledge, application, and self‐efficacy in applying behavior management strategies. Social‐validity data indicated participants felt the training was highly acceptable, feasible, and effective.

The Patient Perspective on Colectomy for Recurrent Diverticulitis: A Qualitative Study.

Understand the patient's decision-making process regarding colectomy for recurrent diverticulitis. The decision to pursue elective colectomy for recurrent diverticulitis is highly preference-sensitive. Little is known about the patient's perspective in this decision-making process. We performed a qualitative study utilizing focus groups of patients with recurrent diverticulitis at 3 centers across the United States. Using an iterative inductive/deductive approach, we developed a conceptual framework to capture the major themes identified in the coded data. From March 2019 to July 2020, 39 patients were enrolled across 3 sites and participated in 6 focus groups. After coding the transcripts using a hierarchical coding system, a conceptual framework was developed. Major themes identified included participants' beliefs about surgery, such as normative beliefs (eg, subjective, value placed on surgery), control beliefs (eg, self-efficacy, stage of change), and anticipated outcomes (eg, expectations, anticipated regret); the role of behavioral management strategies (eg, fiber, eliminate bad habits); emotional experiences (eg, depression, embarrassment); current symptoms (eg, severity, timing); and quality of life (eg, cognitive load, psychosocial factors). Three sets of moderating factors influencing patient choice were identified: clinical history (eg, source of diagnosis, multiple surgeries), clinical protocols (eg, pre-op and post-op education), and provider-specific factors (eg, specialty, choice of surgeon). Patients view the decision to undergo colectomy through 3 major themes: their beliefs about surgery, their psychosocial context, and moderating factors that influence participant choice to undergo surgery. This knowledge is essential both for clinicians counseling patients who are considering colectomy and for researchers studying the process to optimize care for recurrent diverticulitis.

The Relationship between Personnel Behavior and Work Effectiveness with the Ability to Adapt to Disruptive Situations as Mediation

This research aims to investigate the relationship between personnel behavior and the job effectiveness of Bhabinkamtibmas (Non-Commissioned Officers responsible for Community Security and Order Maintenance) with adaptability as a mediating variable in disruptive situations. The research methodology involved 310 samples out of a total of 1369 Bhabinkamtibmas personnel distributed within the research area. The research findings indicate that personnel behavior does not have a direct significant influence on job effectiveness. However, an interesting finding is the presence of a positive and significant influence between personnel behavior and adaptability. Furthermore, adaptability has a positive and significant influence on the job effectiveness of Bhabinkamtibmas. Mediation analysis reveals that adaptability acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between personnel behavior and job effectiveness. This research significantly contributes to understanding the factors affecting the job effectiveness of Bhabinkamtibmas in the midst of disruptive situations. Research recommendations encompass the need to enhance training and development focusing on improving the adaptability of Bhabinkamtibmas personnel, as well as the implementation of effective behavioral management strategies in their work context. Thus, the results of this research have practical implications for enhancing the quality of security and community order services provided by Bhabinkamtibmas in the face of dynamic and challenging situations.

Reducing (Behavioral) Restraint Use Through Simulation at the Bedside.

Hospitals are experiencing an influx of patients in active behavioral crises, leading to restraints as a behavior management strategy. Over 100 staff participated in simulation training designed to manage escalating patient behavior. The training had a direct impact on the reduction of restraint use and increased preparedness and confidence of participants managing escalating patient behavior. Results suggest simulation can be an effective strategy to train medical staff to manage challenging behavior and reduce restraint use.

Paraprofessional perceptions about and use of behavior strategies in elementary schools

AbstractParaprofessionals are often tasked with implementing behavior management strategies to support the complex needs of students with disruptive behavior disorders. This study examined reported use and effectiveness of common classroom behavior strategies from 86 paraprofessionals working in 36 elementary schools using a mixed method design. Data were from a larger randomized control trial that examined the effects of behavior support coaching on paraprofessional practices and student outcomes. Qualitative analysis highlighted themes related to behavior strategies use, including 94 “other” strategies. Paraprofessionals across conditions reported use of a range of behavior management strategies and were more likely to use consequence‐based than antecedent‐based strategies (χ2 = 381; p < .001; df = 1). Coached paraprofessionals reported greater use of reminding or reinforcing classroom rules and praising for appropriate behavior than controls. No group differences in overall strategy use (χ2 = 1.20; p = .273; df = 1) or overall perceived effectiveness (t = −1.45; p = .149; df = 755) were found. Implications of findings for practice and research are presented.