Behavior Of Obese Women Research Articles

Theory Model of Planning Behavior in Explaining Dieting Behavior in Obese Women

Obesity has been a threat to humans for a long time. The increase in the number of sufferers has started to worry. The fact is that in almost all regions, women have a higher prevalence of obesity than men. It takes a physical intervention to end obesity, one form is diet. This study aims to look at dietary behavior in first-degree obese women as explained by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model in obese women. The sample in this study used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The criteria imposed on the respondents of this study were, women, with first-degree obesity, went on a diet with professional assistance, namely nutrition specialists. The results in this study indicate that the theory of planned behavior model can be constructed to see dietary behavior in obese women, which means that this theoretical model fits between the data in the field and theory

Cognitive and brain mechanisms of overeating behavior in obese women

Cognitive and brain mechanisms of overeating behavior in obese women

A reduction in sedentary behaviour in obese women during pregnancy reduces neonatal adiposity: the DALI randomised controlled trial

Aims/hypothesisOffspring of obese women are at increased risk of features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity and diabetes. Lifestyle intervention in pregnancy might reduce adverse effects of maternal obesity on neonatal adiposity.MethodsIn the Vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Prevention (DALI) lifestyle trial, 436 women with a BMI ≥29 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to counselling on healthy eating (HE), physical activity (PA) or HE&PA, or to usual care (UC). In secondary analyses of the lifestyle trial, intervention effects on neonatal outcomes (head, abdominal, arm and leg circumferences and skinfold thicknesses, estimated fat mass, fat percentage, fat-free mass and cord blood leptin) were assessed using multilevel regression analyses. Mediation of intervention effects by lifestyle and gestational weight gain was assessed.ResultsOutcomes were available from 334 neonates. A reduction in sum of skinfolds (−1.8 mm; 95% CI −3.5, −0.2; p = 0.03), fat mass (−63 g; 95% CI −124, −2; p = 0.04), fat percentage (−1.2%; 95% CI −2.4%, −0.04%; p = 0.04) and leptin (−3.80 μg/l; 95% CI −7.15, −0.45; p = 0.03) was found in the HE&PA group, and reduced leptin in female neonates in the PA group (−5.79 μg/l; 95% CI −11.43, −0.14; p = 0.05) compared with UC. Reduced sedentary time, but not gestational weight gain, mediated intervention effects on leptin in both the HE&PA and PA groups.Conclusions/interpretationThe HE&PA intervention resulted in reduced adiposity in neonates. Reduced sedentary time seemed to drive the intervention effect on cord blood leptin. Implications for future adiposity and diabetes risk of the offspring need to be elucidated.Trial registrationISRCTN70595832.

A Reduction in Sedentary Behavior in Obese Women Reduces Neonatal Adiposity—The DALI Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Maternal obesity and gestational weight gain are implicated in the development of childhood obesity tracking from neonatal adiposity. Lifestyle intervention in pregnancy might reduce adverse effects of maternal obesity on neonatal adiposity. Methods: In the Vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention (DALI) Lifestyle trial, 436 women with a body mass index ≥ 29 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to counseling on Healthy Eating (HE), Physical Activity (PA), HE&PA, or to usual care (UC). Neonatal outcomes were head, abdominal, arm and leg circumference, skin folds, estimated fat mass, fat percentage, fat free mass, and cord blood leptin. Intervention effects on neonatal outcomes were assessed in multilevel analyses. Mediation of intervention effects by lifestyle and gestational weight gain was assessed. Results: Outcomes were available from 334 neonates. A reduction in sum of skin folds (-1.8 mm; 95% CI, −3.5 to -0.2; p=0.03), fat mass (-63 g; 95% CI, -124 to -2; p=0.04), fat percentage (−1.2%; 95% CI -2.4 to -0.04; p=0.04), and cord blood leptin (-3.80 µg/l; 95% CI -7.15 to -0.45; p=0.03) was found in the HE&PA group, and reduced leptin in female neonates in the PA group (-5.79 µg/l; 95% CI, -11.43 to -0.14; p=0.05) compared to UC. Reduced sedentary behavior, but not gestational weight gain, mediated intervention effects on leptin in the HE&PA and PA group. Conclusion: The HE&PA intervention resulted in reduced adiposity in neonates. Reduced sedentary behavior seemed to drive the intervention effect on cord blood leptin. Implications for future adiposity of the offspring need to be elucidated. Disclosure M. van Poppel: None. D. Simmons: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc., Medtronic. G. Desoye: None.

Stress-related cortisol response and laboratory eating behavior in obese women.

Stress-related cortisol secretion has been linked to increased appetite and subsequent food intake in overweight individuals. The present study addresses this relationship in a repeated-measures randomized controlled laboratory experiment. Nineteen obese women were compared to 36 normal weight controls with respect to stress-induced salivary cortisol and laboratory eating behavior, measured by a universal eating monitor. The trier social stress test served as stressor. Stress-induced cortisol levels were significantly higher in the obese compared to the normal weight controls. Unexpectedly, a corresponding increase in laboratory food intake was not detected. The results are interpreted and discussed with regard to restrained eating, which was found to be present to a significant degree in the obese women.

Short-term intervention with liraglutide improved eating behavior in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) stimulate satiety leading to reductions in food intake and body weight. The effects of long- acting GLP-1 RA liraglutide on eating behavior of women with PCOS have not been investigated yet. Methods: Thirty-six obese women with PCOS (mean ± SD, aged 31.2 ± 7.8 years, with BMI 38.7 ± 0.1 kg/m2), pretreated with metformin (1000 mg BID) were switched to liraglutide 1.2 mg QD sc for 12 weeks. Adiposity parameters and eating behavior as assessed by Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) were examined at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: Subjects treated with liraglutide lost on average 3.8 ± 0.1 kg (p < 0.001). Significant reductions of waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass, volume and area were demonstrated from liraglutide induction to the end of the study. TFEQ-R18 scores were significantly different pre- and post-liraglutide intervention. After treatment with liraglutide the uncontrolled eating (UE) score decreased from 36.8 ± 24.5 to 19.6 ± 18.4 (p < 0.001) and emotional eating (EE) score decreased from 49.9 ± 33.3 to 28.5 ± 26.9 (p < 0.001). Scores for cognitive restraint (CR) were not changed. Conclusions: Short-term liraglutide treatment was associated with weight loss and significantly improved eating behavior in obese women with PCOS.

Behavioural support of a proposed neurocognitive connection between physical activity and improved eating behaviour in obese women

ProblemAn explanation of the association between physical activity and improved eating behaviours has recently been posited via the effect of physical activity on executive functions of the brain resulting in a reduction in the hedonic drive to overeat. Decomposition and clarification of embedded relationship through a behavioural/psychological framework was sought. MethodsChanges in theory-based psychosocial factors over 26 weeks were tested with 134 severely obese women (age 41.7±10.4 years) initiating a physical activity support treatment. Mediation and reciprocal effects analyses incorporating these changes were then computed. ResultsSignificant improvements in mood, self-regulation for eating, and self-efficacy for controlled eating were found. Emanating from mood change, a reciprocal relationship between changes in the self-regulation and self-efficacy measures was found. Thus, each factor reinforced the other's change. ConclusionFindings suggest a convergence of neurocognitively and behaviourally based explanations of the relations of physical activity and controlled eating. Implications for behavioural weight-loss theory and treatments were suggested.

Associations of maternal obesity and psychosocial factors with breastfeeding intention, initiation, and duration

Little is known about how psychosocial factors (PSF) influence breastfeeding (BF) behavior of obese women. Our objectives were to determine a) whether maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with social knowledge of, social influence towards, maternal confidence in, and behavioral beliefs about BF; b) whether these PSF predict BF outcomes; and c) whether prepregnancy BMI is associated with these outcomes, independent of the PSF. Longitudinal data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (n=2890) were analyzed using logistic and proportional hazards regression models. Prepregnancy BMI was associated with confidence in (P&lt;0.0001), social influence towards (P=0.04), and social knowledge of BF (P&lt;0.0001), but not with behavioral beliefs in BF (P=0.48). Overweight and obese women did not differ from normal‐BMI women in intention to breastfeed (P=0.06), but they had lower odds of ever BF (P=0.03), and were at greater risk of ceasing exclusive (P=0.0008) and any BF (P=0.02) earlier. Only the association with exclusive BF remained significant (P=0.01) after controlling for PSF. All the PSF were positively associated with each BF outcome. We conclude that women with high prepregnancy BMI have psychosocial characteristics associated with poor BF outcomes, despite having strong intentions to breastfeed. Funded by NIH (5T32HD007331) and USDA (Hatch 399307).Grant Funding Source: NIH (5T32HD007331) and USDA (Hatch 399307)

A Hybrid Online Intervention for Reducing Sedentary Behavior in Obese Women

Sedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. While exercise is known to reduce these risks, reducing SB through increases in non-structured PA and breaks from sitting may appeal to obese women who have lower self-efficacy for PA. This study examined effects of a combined face-to-face and online intervention to reduce SB in overweight and obese women. A two-group quasi-experimental study was used with measures taken pre and post. Female volunteers (M age = 58.5, SD = 12.5 years) were enrolled in the intervention (n = 40) or waitlisted (n = 24). The intervention, based on the Social Cognitive Theory, combined group sessions with email messages over 6 weeks. Individualized feedback to support mastery and peer models of active behaviors were included in the emails. Participants self-monitored PA with a pedometer. Baseline and post measures of PA and SB were assessed by accelerometer and self-report. Standard measures of height, weight, and waist circumference were conducted. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for analyses. Self-reported SB and light PA in the intervention group (I) changed significantly over time [SB, F(1, 2) = 3.81, p = 0.03, light PA, F(1, 2) = 3.39, p = 0.04]. Significant Group × Time interactions were found for light PA, F(1, 63) = 5.22, p = 0.03, moderate PA, F(1, 63) = 3.90, p = 0.05, and for waist circumference, F(1, 63) = 16.0, p = 0.001. The intervention group decreased significantly while the comparison group was unchanged. Hybrid computer interventions to reduce SB may provide a non-exercise alternative for increasing daily PA and potentially reduce waist circumference, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Consumer-grade accelerometers may aide improvements to PA and SB and should be tested as part of future interventions.

Contraceptive Use and Sexual Behavior in Obese Women

Obesity and unintended pregnancy differentially affect women based on sociodemographic factors. Because of the overlap of these factors, obesity and unintended pregnancy have been described as colliding epidemics. Understanding the relationship between obesity and unintended pregnancy, contraceptive use, and sexual behavior is important in improving the reproductive health of women given the increasing weight demographic. A review of the literature reveals contraceptive use versus nonuse does not differ in women of different body weights. Obese women use oral contraceptives less than normal weight women and are more likely to use procedural methods like sterilization. No difference was noted in most types of sexual behavior for women of different body weights.

Stress-induced laboratory eating behavior in obese women with binge eating disorder

Aim of the study was to compare the microstructural eating behavior of obese patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) after stress induction in laboratory. Seventy-one female subjects were investigated (mean BMI 36.9). Thirty-five fulfilled criteria for BED. A 2×2 factorial design with repeated measurement (stress vs. no stress) on the second factor was applied. Stress was induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and chocolate pudding served as laboratory food. Variables of eating behavior were measured by a universal eating monitor (UEM). Only in participants with BED stress was associated with an increase in the initial eating rate and a diminished deceleration of eating at the end of the meal. Generally, BED subjects ate with larger size of spoonfuls during the laboratory meal than non BED controls. The eating behavior of obese patients with binge eating disorder seems to be significantly affected by stress. The stress-induced eating behavior of BED patients is characterized by a stronger motivation to eat (indicated by a fast initial eating rate) as well as by a lack of satiety perception (indicated by less deceleration of eating rate).

Associations of negative affect and eating behaviour in obese women with and without binge eating disorder

The present study was planned to investigate differences in psychopathological features, eating behaviour and eating habits between obese women with and without BED. It also aimed to identify specific relationships between affective symptoms and eating behaviour in obese women with BED. Eighty-four obese women were studied (40 with BED, 44 non-BED). Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed with the structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety with the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). Eating habits (emotional and restrained eating) were assessed by the Dutch eating behaviour questionnaire (DEBQ). Food diaries were used for assessing naturalistic eating behaviour (food intake) and mood before and after food intake. BED subjects exhibited higher levels of comorbidity (in particular mood disorders, anxiety disorders and substance-related disorders), higher depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, external and emotional eating scores than non-BED subjects. Regression analyses revealed that anxiety and emotional eating were significant predictors for BED status. In the BED group, depressive symptoms were significantly related to emotional eating and food intake and negatively related to restraint. Anxiety was significantly related to emotional eating. In general, food intake significantly enhanced mood. Mood was worse on the days with self-reported binge eating episodes than on nonbinge days. These results are discussed with regard to aetiological models for BED and for BED being a distinct diagnostic category separate from obesity.

Relationship between adiposity, emotional status and eating behaviour in obese women: role of inflammation

Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that may lead to emotional distress and behavioural symptoms. This study assessed the relationship between adiposity, low-grade inflammation, eating behaviour and emotional status in obese women awaiting gastric surgery and investigated the effects of surgery-induced weight loss on this relationship. A total of 101 women with severe or morbid obesity awaiting gastric surgery were recruited. Assessments were performed before and at 1 year post-surgery and included the measurement of neuroticism and extraversion using the revised Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and eating behaviour using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum inflammatory markers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin). At baseline, body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with inflammatory markers and adipokines. Regression analyses adjusting for age and diabetes revealed that baseline concentrations of IL-6 and hsCRP were associated with the depression and anxiety facets of neuroticism, with higher inflammation predicting higher anxiety and depression. This association remained significant after adjusting for BMI. Gastric surgery induced significant weight loss, which correlated with reduced inflammation. After controlling for BMI variations, decreases in inflammatory markers, notably hsCRP, were associated with reduced anxiety and TFEQ-cognitive restraint scores. These findings indicate strong associations between adiposity, inflammation and affectivity in obese subjects and show that surgery-induced weight loss is associated concomitantly with reduced inflammation and adipokines and with significant improvement in emotional status and eating behaviour. Inflammatory status appears to represent an important mediator of emotional distress and psychological characteristics of obese individuals.

Stress‐induced laboratory eating behavior in obese women with binge eating disorder

To compare the microstructural eating behavior of obese patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) after stress induction in laboratory. Forty-eight obese women were investigated. Seventeen were assigned to the group of BED. Group (BED vs. non-BED) by condition (stress vs. no stress) interaction effect on feeding variables, measured by a universal eating monitor, was tested. Stress was induced by the trier social stress test (TSST) and chocolate pudding served as laboratory food. From the nonstress to the stress condition, patients with BED, when compared with non-BED had a greater increase in average eating rate (p < .01) and a corresponding greater increase in the frequency of spoonfuls (p < .02). The BED group also showed a different change in acceleration/deceleration from the nonstress to the stress condition compared to the non-BED group (p < .04). Obese individuals with BED appear to exhibit a different response to stress than obese non-BED individuals and individuals with bulimia nervosa.

Eating behaviour in obese women: A test of two hypotheses

: This study examined the relationship between the psychosomatic and externality hypotheses as possible explanations for obesity. Twenty-nine women who were enrolled in Weight Watchers Federation programme volunteered as subjects. The women kept daily logs which recorded their eating behaviour, mood states, and the relative saliency of the consumed food over a period of four weeks. Neither major hypothesis was independently supported, but there was a significant tendency for the women to overeat non-nutritional food when aroused by a positive or negative or emotion and when the food was highly salient. Treatment programmes for obesity would be well advised to acknowledge the complex relationships among variables associated with overeating. A careful individualised appraisal of the parameters associated with overeating would seem to be a necessary prerequisite for an intervention.