Beginning Of COVID-19 Research Articles

Evaluative Analysis of the IFRS, its changes in the Financial Statements and Decision Making in the companies of Guayaquil - Ecuador, since Covid-19

The objective of this article is to identify and analyze the changes made to IFRS 3, 9, 10 and 16 since the beginning of COVID-19, and how these affect the presentation of financial statements, influencing decision-making. With the use of the deductive method and applying a qualitative approach, collecting information through the database of the Superintendency of Companies of Ecuador, an evaluative analysis of each company was carried out and how they applied the modifications offered by the IFRS, reviewing the financial statements of 60 companies in the Commercial, Real Estate and Financial sectors where it was obtained that 15% of these companies presented changes in their financial statements, of this percentage 8.3% belong to companies in the commercial sector, 5. 1% comes from entities in the real estate sector and 1.6% are from companies in the financial sector. It is concluded that there is no significant change in the presentation of financial information since COVID-19.

Moving on from emergency-remote-teaching: university teachers’ perceived challenges of networked learning

This paper presents part of the findings of a phenomenographically-informed investigation into higher education (HE) teachers’ perceptions of personal learning networks in the context of the recent COVID-19 emergency-remote-teaching (ERT) period, with a specific targeting of perceived challenges. This ERT period has magnified teachers’ use of personal learning networks with an absence of a coherent institutionalized approach to ERT, which has presented itself as a unique opportunity through which to explore how Networked Learning (NL) can be incorporated to help teachers manage the longer term shift towards the technologization of HE. The research therefore aims to explore the perceptions of 18 Academic English teachers at a leading English-instruction university in Kazakhstan that was forced to move online at the beginning of COVID-19. The chapter reports the teachers’ perceived challenges of using their networks for online teaching and learning—particularly for connecting to people and resources online. The results suggest that teachers perceive the challenges of network use in at least five different ways: i) technological tools, ii) technological skills (training), iii) fractious group communication, iv) subdued communicative spontaneity and v) a sense of isolation. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the results for teachers and how the challenges can be overcome.

Is the Medical Oncology Workforce in Canada in Jeopardy? Findings from the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists' COVID-19 Impact Survey Series.

The COVID-19 (C19) pandemic introduced challenges in all areas of the Canadian healthcare system. Along with adaptations to clinical care environments, there was increasing concern about physician burnout during this time. The Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists (CAMO) has examined the effects of the pandemic on the medical oncology (MO) workforce. A series of four multiple choice web-based surveys distributed to MOs who were identified using the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons directory and CAMO membership in May 2020 (S1), July 2020 (S2), December 2020 (S3), and March 2022 (S4). Descriptive analyses were performed for each survey, and a Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was used to assess factors associated with planned change in practice in S4. The majority of respondents work in a comprehensive cancer center S1/S2/S3/S4 (87%/86%81%/88%) and have been in practice >10 years (56%/61%/50%/64%). The most commonly reported personal challenges were physical (60%) and mental (60%) wellness. In S4, 47% of MOs reported dissatisfaction with their current work-life balance. In total, 83% reported that their workload has increased since the beginning of C19, and 51% of MOs reported their future career plans have been impacted by C19. In total, 56% of respondents are considering retiring or reducing total working hours in the next 5 years. Since the onset of the C19 pandemic, there are concerns identified with wellness, increasing workload, and job dissatisfaction among MOs, associated with experienced staff who have >10 years in practice. As rates of cancer prevalence rise and treatments become more complex, it is crucial to address the concerns raised in these surveys to ensure that we have a stable MO workforce in the future.

Determinants of antibiotic prescription in children with adenovirus respiratory tract infections

We performed this study to evaluate factors associated with antibiotic prescriptions in children with adenovirus infection, since no studies have attempted to address this aspect in the pediatric population. Retrospective study of children younger than 18 years of age tested positive for adenovirus on a syndromic nasopharyngeal test from 2018 to 2023. We compared the need of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), invasive ventilation, and other respiratory support, viral etiologies, clinical presentations, imaging, and laboratory results in the precovid (2018–2019) and covid (2020–2022) period. The use of antibiotics was studied with multivariable logistic regression including demographic as well as clinical data as covariates. Two hundred fifty-eight patients were enrolled. One hundred fifty-eight patients received an antibiotic (mean duration 6.2 (±2.7) days (median 4; IQR: 4–7)). Presence of seizures and C-reactive protein values as predictors for antibiotic prescription (OR for seizures: 12.17; 95% CI: 1.42–103.91; p = 0.022; OR for CrP: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; p = 0.001). Seventy-four patients received intravenous antibiotics (74/156, 47.4%). Risk factors for intravenous antibiotic were the presence of decay (OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 1.25–11.71; p = 0.018), CrP values (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03; p = 0.001), and presence of seizures (OR: 16.34; 95% CI: 2.65–100.83; p = 0.003). Duration of intravenous antibiotics correlated with the presence of seizures (Coeff: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.41–2.89; p = 0.009) even when adjusted for CrP values. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of adenovirus infection in children is non-specific, leading to frequent antibiotic prescription despite bacterial co-infections was rare. Higher CrP values and presenting with seizures are significantly associated with a higher risk of receiving antibiotics. Rapid microbiological tests and newer biomarkers can help clinicians to improve antibiotic prescription in this cohort of children.What is Known:•Adenovirus infection is a common cause of fever and respiratory tract infections in children.•Children with adenovirus infections frequently receive antibiotics, but determinants of this practice are poorly established.What is New:• Higher C-reactive protein values and presenting with seizures are significantly associated with antibiotic prescription. • Since the beginning of COVID-19 and implementation of rapid diagnostics, less children with adenovirus infection received antibiotics.

COVID-19 pandemic impact on the potential exacerbation of screening mammography disparities: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada

Strategies to ramp up breast cancer screening after COVID-19 require data on the influence of the pandemic on groups of women with historically low screening uptake. Using data from Ontario, Canada, our objectives were to 1) quantify the overall pandemic impact on weekly bilateral screening mammography rates (per 100,000) of average-risk women aged 50–74 and 2) examine if COVID-19 has shifted any mammography inequalities according to age, immigration status, rurality, and access to material resources. Using a segmented negative binomial regression model, we estimated the mean change in rate at the start of the pandemic (the week of March 15, 2020) and changes in weekly trend of rates during the pandemic period (March 15—December 26, 2020) compared to the pre-pandemic period (January 3, 2016—March 14, 2020) for all women and for each subgroup. A 3-way interaction term (COVID-19*week*subgroup variable) was added to the model to detect any pandemic impact on screening disparities. Of the 3,481,283 mammograms, 8.6 % (n = 300,064) occurred during the pandemic period. Overall, the mean weekly rate dropped by 93.4 % (95 % CI 91.7 % – 94.8 %) at the beginning of COVID-19, followed by a weekly increase of 8.4 % (95 % CI 7.4 % – 9.4 %) until December 26, 2020. The pandemic did not shift any disparities (all interactions p > 0.05) and that women who were under 60 or over 70, immigrants, or with a limited access to material resources had persistently low screening rate in both periods. Interventions should proactively target these underserved populations with the goals of reducing advanced-stage breast cancer presentations and mortality.

Quantifying Health Policy Uncertainty in China Using Newspapers: Text Mining Study.

From the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, a series of health measures and policies have been introduced from the central to the local level in China. However, no study has constructed an uncertainty index that can reflect the volatility, risk, and policy characteristics of the health environment. We used text mining analysis on mainstream newspapers to quantify the volume of reports about health policy and the total number of news articles and to construct a series of indexes that could reflect the uncertainty of health policy in China. Using the Wisenews database, 11 of the most influential newspapers in mainland China were selected to obtain the sample articles. The health policy uncertainty (HPU) index for each month from 2003 to 2022 was constructed by searching articles containing the specified keywords and calculating their frequency. Robustness tests were conducted through correlation analysis. The HPU index was plotted using STATA (version 16.0), and a comparative analysis of the China and US HPU indexes was then performed. We retrieved 6482 sample articles from 7.49 million news articles in 11 newspapers. The China HPU index was constructed, and the robustness test showed a correlation coefficient greater than 0.74, which indicates good robustness. Key health events can cause index fluctuations. At the beginning of COVID-19 (May 2020), the HPU index climbed to 502.0. In December 2022, China's HPU index reached its highest value of 613.8 after the release of the "New Ten Rules" pandemic prevention and control policy. There were significant differences in HPU index fluctuations between China and the United States during SARS and COVID-19, as well as during the Affordable Care Act period. National health policy is a guide for health development, and uncertainty in health policy can affect not only the implementation of policy by managers but also the health-seeking behavior of the people. Here, we conclude that changes in critical health policies, major national or international events, and infectious diseases with widespread impact can create significant uncertainty in China's health policies. The uncertainty of health policies in China and the United States is quite different due to different political systems and news environments. What is the same is that COVID-19 has brought great policy volatility to both countries. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first systematic text mining study of HPU in China.

Camping Tourism in Bulgaria: A time-series analysis of tourist demand

Camping tourism has become very popular since the beginning of COVID-19 as tourists started to look for socially distanced and yet experiential activities. However, the academic scholarship is relatively thin, particularly in the context of Eastern Europe – a geographical location with rich traditions in outdoor camping andtourism. Drawing on a quantitative methodology based on ARIMA and SARIMA, this study addresses this gap by forecasting the changes in camping tourism development in the short term in Bulgaria. The results indicate a decline of inbound tourism and international visittors but also suggest a positive trend of developmentfor the domestic market.

Social determinants of long-term reported changes in physical activity and healthy eating during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: multiple cross-sectional surveys analysis from the iCARE study.

The long-term consequences of COVID-19 on healthy behaviours (physical activity practice and healthy eating) among Canadians remain largely unexplored. The objectives were (i) to describe the proportion of Canadians who reported a change in healthy behaviours, 9 and 20 months since the beginning of COVID-19; and (ii) to identify the social determinants associated with healthy behaviour changes. Using two representative Canadian surveys from the International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation study (January 2021, n=3000; November 2021, n=3002), reported changes in healthy behaviours were assessed as follows: "In general, how have the following behaviours changed since the start of COVID-19?": (1) Increase; (2) No change; and (3) Decrease. The association between individual determinants and changes in healthy behaviours was analyzed using weighted univariate polytomous logistic regression models. In January 2021, 41% and 22% of respondents reported a decline in physical activity and healthy eating, respectively, while in November 2021, 34% and 20% of respondents reported a decline in physical activity and healthy eating, respectively. The main determinants associated with changes in healthy behaviours were younger age (18-25 years), area of residency, student status, changes in bodyweight, financial concerns/insecurity, anxiety/depression, and ethnicity. Changes in healthy behaviours were also associated with household composition, presence of chronic diseases, and occupation. In sum, this study depicted long-term changes in healthy behaviours during COVID-19, with differential changes according to social determinants of health. This study highlighted the presence of health inequalities in Canada during COVID-19 and supports the implementation of personalized programs in prevention of healthy behaviour degradation.

Two Years after the Beginning of COVID-19: Comparing Families Who Had or Did not Have Patients with COVID-19 on Health Beliefs and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms.

Objective: This study aimed to compare health beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in families with (FIM+) or without an infected member (FIM-) two years after the beginning of COVID-19. Additionally, this research intended to predict a decrease in OCS from baseline (T1) to 40 days later (T2) based on health beliefs. Method : In a longitudinal survey, 227 participants in two groups, including FIM+ (n = 98; M = 30.44; SD = 5.39) and FIM- (n = 129; M = 29.24; SD = 4.93), were selected through purposive sampling. They responded to measurements consisting of demographic characteristics, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and COVID-19 Health Belief Questionnaire (COVID-19-HBQ) at the final assessment phase (T2). To investigate differences between the two groups and predict OCS changes from T1 to T2, data were analyzed using Chi-squared, t-tests, U-Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlations, and linear regression analyses. Results: At T1, FIM+ demonstrated significantly greater OCS, health beliefs, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), and depressive symptoms than FIM-. Furthermore, FIM+ showed a decrease in OCS from T1 to T2 after its infected member recovered from COVID-19 (P < 0.001). A decrease in OCS was correlated with a decrease in perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers. Lack of a vulnerable family member, lower educational attainment, and being a primary caregiver were associated with a greater decrease in OCS. Changes in perceived severity and self-efficacy accounted for 17% of variation in OCS. Conclusion: Even two years after the onset of the pandemic, COVID-19 not only impacts the life of patients with COVID-19 but family members who care for such patients respond to the disease by engaging in excessive health behaviors in the form of OCS.

Return and volatility connectedness across stock markets: A global perspective

ABSTRACT The connectedness of stock markets is inevitable because of the rapid increases in global financialisation, financial liberalisation, and integration of national economies. This study therefore increases the number of stock markets included in the LASSO-VAR model to separately estimate the connectedness of the daily-frequency market returns and volatility of a sample comprising 50 selected stock markets between 2011 and 2021. We observe that the total connectedness index changes substantially over time, exhibiting the highest change during market turbulences, i.e., the beginning of COVID-19. We also show that the transmission of shocks originates from most European markets and then impacting Asian–Pacific markets, although their intensities exhibit significant time variations. Finally, we find that macroeconomic news and uncertainties are drivers of total connectedness, while directional total connectedness is mainly driven by global rather than domestic factors.

Self-reported delays in care-seeking in West Africa during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused delays in care-seeking due to fears of infection and decreased healthcare access globally. These delays have been linked in some countries to COVID-19 perceptions, decreased income, and food insecurity, but little is known about patient-level factors for decreased care-seeking specifically at the beginning of COVID-19 in West Africa. Understanding these factors is important to identify those at highest risk and address healthcare-related barriers.MethodsThis study used self-reported data from telephone surveys in a population-based sample in Burkina Faso (n = 1352), Ghana (n = 1621), and Sierra Leone (n = 1301) in May–June 2020. Questions assessed delays in care-seeking, sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 beliefs, and food insecurity. Bivariate analyses using chi-square and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were used to explore associations between factors and delays in care-seeking by country. Independent variables were chosen based on prior research suggesting that financial insecurity, older age, female sex, rural location, and COVID-related concerns are associated with delays.ResultsBetween March-June 2020, 9.9%, 10.6%, and 5.7% of participants in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Sierra Leone, respectively, delayed care-seeking. Food insecurity was prevalent (21.8–46.1%) and in bivariate analyses was associated with delays in care-seeking in Burkina Faso and Ghana. Concern about risk of household contraction of COVID-19 was common (18.1–36.0%) and in Ghana and Sierra Leone was associated with delays in care-seeking in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. In bivariate analyses, females showed more delays in Burkina Faso, while age above 30 and urban location were associated with delays in Ghana. In multivariate analyses, food insecurity was associated with increased delayed care-seeking in Burkina Faso.ConclusionsMultiple factors were associated with delays in care-seeking early in the COVID-19 pandemic, with food insecurity and concerns about infection showing significant associations in multiple countries. These findings highlight the need to invest in clinic accessibility, community education, and financial assistance to address barriers in healthcare. While many delays have subsided since the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding factors associated with early disruptions of care-seeking at the patient and household level will inform strategies for maintaining healthcare access during future pandemics in West Africa.

Performance analysis of hospitals before and during the COVID-19 in Iran: A cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic placed considerable pressure on the health care systems and caused many disruptions to the care hospital system around the globe. This study aimed to analyze the performance of hospitals affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences and Health Services of South Khorasan Province before and during COVID-19. This cross-sectional study tracked the financial performance (FP) and service performance (SP) of 12 hospitals affiliated with South Khorasan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services using the Farabar system and Hospital Information System (HIS). Our study covered two time periods: from February 2018 to February 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and from February 2020 to February 2021 (during COVID-19). SP analysis of hospitals was performed by examining the trend of monthly changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and Paired Sample T-Test. FP of hospitals was analyzed through relevant ratios and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel. Most SP indicators decreased considerably in all hospitals during COVID-19. FP ratios (e.g., activity and leverage ratios) increased during either or both pre-COVID or COVID periods. Compared to before COVID-19, the operating margin ratio and operating expenses coverage from operating income increased from -0.50 and 66.55 to -1.42 and 41.32, respectively, during COVID-19. Moreover, the net profit margin ratio and Return On Assets (ROA) ratio were increased during COVID-19. COVID-19 has decreased the FP and SP of hospitals due to limitations in providing services to patients since the beginning of COVID-19. Measures such as providing various financing resources and improving the financial resilience of hospitals are essential. Funds should be disbursed to offset hospitals' losses due to reduced elective and outpatient revenue. Policymakers should come up with holistic policies to tackle the adverse impact of such crises in the future, support hospitals financially, and consider allocating additional funding to them during emergencies.

The Scientific Contribution of the Al-Kindy College Medical Journal to the World Literature on the COVID-19 Pandemic

The beginning of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 and its worldwide transmission has led the World Health Organization to formally address the pandemic. The pandemic has imposed influential impacts on different environmental, economic, social, health, and living aspects. Publishing in scholastic journals was not immune from these impacts.

Can US Medical Schools Teach About Structural Racism?

Since the beginning of COVID-19 and the rise of social justice movements sparked by the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor in the summer of 2020, many medical schools have made public statements committing themselves to become antiracist institutions. The notions that US society generally, and medicine, are rife with structural racism no longer seems as controversial in the academic community. Challenges remain, however, in how this basic understanding gets translated into medical education practice. Understanding where the profession must go should start with understanding where we currently are. Prior to the events of 2020, in the spring of 2018, we conducted nine key informant interviews to learn about the challenges and best practices from schools deemed to be positive deviants in teaching about structural racism. Our interviews showed that even those schools deemed positive deviants in the amount of teaching done about structural racism faced significant barriers in providing a robust education. Significant structural change, perhaps far beyond what most schools consider themselves willing and able to engage in, will be necessary if future US physicians are to fully understand and address structural racism as it affects their profession, their practice, and their patients.

Diffusion of digital technologies in the face of external shocks: The case of the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper investigates the impact of external shocks on the spread of digital technologies. Using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic, we identify and describe four patterns that reflect the uneven response of different digital technologies to external conditions undergoing transformation. The patterns differ in both the magnitude of the pandemic’s impact and the timing of the resulting effects. Video conferencing, business continuity and telemedicine services showed a dramatic increase in demand at the beginning of COVID-19 and a gradual decline in the later stages. A more moderate response in the early weeks of the pandemic is typical of e-commerce and online entertainment. Delayed effects are seen in digital logistics services and digital currencies, which reacted much later than other technologies. Finally, a slow decline in significance after the pandemic began has been observed for biometrics and cybersecurity technologies. Similar patterns may describe the transformation of the spread of digital technologies not only under the influence of COVID-19, but also in the face of dramatic economic and social changes of other origins.

Time-based Geospatial Analysis of Night-Time Light Data and Citizen Movement Restriction During Covid-19 Period

Restrictions on community activities or in some areas also called lockdowns have been carried out by many countries in order to reduce the spread of Covid-19. Various methods are used to monitor the implementation of these restrictions, this study uses a new approach by using satellite imagery at night commonly called Night-Time Light (NTL) Data. This research using a sample of 381 coordinate points was taken in public places in Jakarta. The data was collected using the VIIRS Stray Light Corrected Nighttime Day/Night Band Composites Version 1 dataset from Q1 2019 to Q2 2022. The results of these satellite photos were then converted into numerical form and correlated with the timeline for the restriction of community activities in the Jakarta area. The result is there is a slightly decreasing in light intensity when entering a period of Covid-19 at the beginning of 2020 until 2022 with a percentage of around 1% - 16% in various sectors. This decreasing light intensity has a slight correlation with mobility data for several sectors. The mobility data show a huge difference at the beginning of Covid-19, which shows a decrease in the activity of up to 60%.

Working from home 22 months on from the beginning of COVID-19: What have we learned for the future provision of transport services?

COVID-19 has delivered an unintended positive consequence through working from home (WFH). While it may be some time until we are able to indicate, with some confidence, the impact that WFH will have on traffic congestion and crowding on public transport, there is a sense already that it is a game changer, and indeed is one of the most effective policy levers that the transport sector has had for many years in ‘managing’ the performance of the transport network. This paper draws on multiple ways of survey data that have been collected since March 2020 when the pandemic first resulted in severe restrictions in Australia. We present the evidence up to December 2021 on the incidence of WFH in two geographical jurisdiction – the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area (GSMA) and South-East Queensland (SEQ) - and how it has been received by employees and employers from the height of restrictions up to a period when restrictions were relaxed, followed by further lockdowns throughout Australia. We show what this might mean for work productivity, lifestyle, and the changing preferences for passenger modes. With a growing preference, within some occupation classes, to WFH 1–2 days a week, and a good spread through the weekdays, we discuss what this means for the way we analyse the impact of transport initiatives on the performance of the transport network with a particular emphasis on the growth in suburbanisation of transport improvements, less costly service and infrastructure improvements, and the changing role of public transport.

Stress, Anticipatory Anxiety, and Mental Health Help-Seeking among Chinese Students in United States at the Beginning of COVID-19: A Thematic Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic brought numerous negative effects towards people’s mental health. The current study explored the influence of pandemic on Chinese international students in the U.S. at the beginning of the pandemic. Interview method was used in this study. Interview questions included the influence of pandemic, the influence of panic caused by pandemic, the influence of Asian-hates events, and mental health help-seeking behaviour. As the result, three main themes were narrowed down: stress, anticipatory anxiety, and help-seeking behaviour. The current study found that the most frequent stressor was the risk of infection. The other direct stressors were difficulty of traveling between China and the U.S., negative influence of academic life, and shortage of medical supplies. More indirect stressors were found: worries about Chinese students in the U.S. being infected by parents, worries about discrimination by parents, discriminating experiences of friends, and infection history of friends and of relatives in China. Three anticipatory anxieties were found: getting in touch with others, anti-Asian events, and different strategies to cope with disease. All participants reported no professional help-seeking behaviour. Five of eight participants reported the non-professional help-seeking. Three of eight participants reported they used self-regulation to cope with the stress and anxiety. The results demonstrated the unique experience and coping strategy of Chinese international students. Although they had lived in the U.S. for many years, their coping strategies still identified with Chinese culture. Future study could explore more associations of stress, anxiety, and help-seeking to understand and help Chinese international students better. This study can provide some guidance for future intervention studies and practices regarding the mental health situation of Chinese international students in other countries during the pandemic.

COVID-19 induced cost upraises in the lifestyle of common people in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Background COVID-19 continues to pose a significant risk to human health and is a prominent global vampire. COVID-19 diseases have a similar burden in all parts of the world, but they present a significant challenge to public health in low- and middle-income nations like Bangladesh. The primary purposes of the study are to describe the extent to which COVID-19 has increased the cost of living for the average Bangladeshi and to identify the chronic diseases that have been linked to the lifestyle impacts of COVID-19. Methods Snowball sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional, confidential, online community survey from August 27, 2020, to October 10, 2020. Results Overall, 220 (69%) were male, most (32.2%) were between the ages of 31 and 40, most (71%) lived in urban, 279 (87%) were Muslim, and 120 (38%) had private jobs. Most of the people who answered were in classes 13–16 (55%), were married (80%), had a family (4-5) (76%), and earn more than 40,000 Taka (46%) and also between 20,000 and 40,000 Taka (35%) per month. 200 of the people who replied did not have a chronic disease, and 62 had at least one. During the beginning of COVID-19, 311 of the 312 people who answered the survey used masks. This began with the first case of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. 95% of the time, they used sanitizer, and 36% of the time, they used soap. Overall, 22% made less money during this time, and 7% lost their jobs. Because of the possible effects, there was less economic activity and less money coming into the community. Conclusions Impacts on Bangladesh's economy and way of life from COVID-19 are summarized in this report. It's not just a financial crisis; the ripple effects are being felt across society.

Simultaneous response to multiple disasters: Integrated planning for pandemics and large-scale earthquakes

Since the beginning of COVID-19, individuals who have SARS-CoV-2 infectious have brought a heavy burden on the healthcare system. Unavoidably, along with pandemics, large-scale disasters, which are possibly emerging, may double the current health crisis. For a powerful disaster response plan, the health services should be prepared for the overwhelming number of disaster victims and infected individuals The proposed framework determines the appropriate number and location of temporary healthcare facilities for large-scale disasters while considering the burden of ongoing pandemic diseases. In this study, first, a multi-period, mix-integer mathematical model is developed to find the location and number of disaster emergency units and disaster medical facilities. Second, we develop an epidemic compartmental model to stimulate the negative effects of the disaster on disease spread and a mixed-integer mathematical model to find optimal number and the location of pandemic hospitals and isolation centers. To validate the mathematical models, a case study is conducted for a district of Istanbul, Turkey.