Begg Technique Research Articles

Efficacy of Bite Opening in Begg's Technique

Introduction: With the introduction of Begg’s, technique there isopening up of deep anterior overbite by depressing both upper and lower anterior teeth in their sockets. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of bite Opening by the Begg technique during the first stage of treatment cephalometrically. Materials and Methods: Materials for the study consisted of thirty pre-treatment and end of stage 1 cephalograms taken of patients treated with Begg mechanics. Tracing of the radiographs of Class I, Class II division 1 and Class II subdivision malocclusion cases were made and reference planes were drawn. The difference between the pre-treatment and stage-I measurements for all the sixteen parameters were analysed statistically. The student paired t-test was applied to determine the level of significance. Results: The estimation of apparent bite opening due to lower incisor proclination was derived using correlation coefficient and the regression equation was estimated. Overbite is reduced markedly with a mean of 4.66 +/- 1.637 mm, which is statistically highly significant. The result showed an apparent bite opening with a mean value of 1.97+2.44 mm which is statistically highly significant. Conclusion: Overbite was reduced markedly in all the cases with this technique used by Begg’s and mandibular incisors showed a marked amount of intrusion, which accounts for 63.6% of bite opening which is found to be the primary factor contributing to correction of deep overbites.

The difference between Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial height changes

Background: Bimaxillary and bidental protrusion Class I Angle malocclusions have a characteristic convex facial profile and protrusion lips due to the labial inclination of the anterior teeth. Extraction of the first four premolars is the most common choice for orthodontic treatment of these cases when all the permanent teeth are complete and in good condition. Orthodontic treatment can be performed using the Begg or Straightwire techniques. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the difference in the effect of orthodontic treatment with Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane, and anterior and posterior facial height. Methods: Sixty pairs of lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment of patients with bimaxillary and bidental protrusive Angle malocclusion Class I, aged 18–35 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment using the Begg and Straightwire techniques with the extraction of all first premolars that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using two-way repeated analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Pearson correlation (p<0.05). Results: Molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial heights increased significantly after the Begg technique treatment and decreased significantly after the Straightwire technique treatment (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the four variables in the two techniques (p>0.05). Medium correlation was found between variables in both the Begg and Straightwire techniques. Conclusion: Molars were extruded and mesialized and the occlusal plane angle and height of the anterior and posterior faces increased after the Begg appliances treatment. The molars moved mesially and occlusally and there was a decrease in the occlusal plane angle, as well as the height of the anterior and posterior faces, after treatment with the Straightwire appliances. However, there was no difference between the two techniques.

Does fixed retention prevent overeruption of unopposed mandibular second molars in maxillary first molar extraction cases?

Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether multistranded fixed retainers prevented overeruption of unopposed mandibular second molars in maxillary first molar extraction cases.MethodsThe panoramic radiographs of 65 Class II Division 1 Caucasian Whites (28 females, 37 males) consecutively treated with bilateral maxillary first molar extraction and the Begg technique, and with records taken after treatment (T1) and in retention (T2), were withdrawn from private practice records. After appliance removal, mandibular second molars were retained with sectional wires till at least T2 in case of lack of occlusal contact with the antagonist. The subjects were assigned to study-retention and control-nonretention groups based on the retention status of mandibular second molars. Radiographic analysis was carried out to determine inclination of mandibular molars and the resulting movement of second molar centroids. Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed to assess the changes between T1 and T2.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in molar inclination were observed between groups and timepoints (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in molar movement percentages (P > 0.05) irrespective of whether fixed retention had been used or not.ConclusionsNo significant eruption occurred in unopposed mandibular second molars bonded with fixed sectional retainers compared to molars partially occluded with the antagonists without fixed retention. Given the study limitations, fixed retention should be considered with caution in restricting tooth overeruption in unopposed molars.

Evolution of treatment mechanics and contemporary appliance design in orthodontics: A 40-year perspective.

Until the early 1970s, successful treatment with the Begg technique and the Tweed edgewise technique required tedious wire bending. The introduction of Andrews' straight wire appliance changed that, and it was one of the most significant contributions in the history of orthodontics. The straight wire appliance significantly reduced the amount of wire bending and also brought along other options in treatment mechanics. Retraction of the canines with elastic chains and ligature wires became more common. Sliding mechanics in place of closing loops became the method of space closure for a significant number of clinicians. Edgewise force levels were initially used to close spaces; however, it was soon observed that lighter forces were more effective with sliding mechanics. Along with these changes, it became apparent that compensation in the appliance was needed, depending on the type of malocclusion and particularly with varying extraction sequences. Various appliance designs were developed to accommodate changes in mechanics and force levels. These modifications improved tooth positions at the end of treatment as long as the brackets were properly placed. These major changes in appliances, force levels, and treatment mechanics can be traced back to the work of Dr Lawrence Andrews and the straight wire appliances.

Study of dental arch changes in early posttreatment period –Comparison between Begg and standard edgewise techniques–

The dental arch forms are changing before treatment and at posttreatment. Changes in posttreatment including postretention are a serious concern for orthodontists. Multivariate analyses were perfor...

A study to evaluate the changes in 3rd molar angulation with extraction of four premolars in class II malocclusion therapy

Aim: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the changes in third molar angulation during orthodontic treatment with extraction of premolars in Class II malocclusions, and to evaluate the relationship between the angulation of third molars and positional changes of incisors and molars. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on lateral cephalograms and dental panoramic tomograms of 30 patients (mean age 13.48 years) with skeletodental Class II malocclusion treated with four first premolar extractions. Twenty-four cases were treated with edgewise, and six were treated with Begg technique. The changes in the eruption pattern of the third molars were observed at the beginning of the treatment (T1) and at the end of the treatment (T2). The changes in the anteroposterior position of the incisors and molars, original molar space, and mesiodistal third molar angulation were tested by paired t-test. Results: The positional changes of the upper/lower incisors and first molars and original molar space were found similar in edgewise and Begg technique. Original molar space was increased in both jaws during orthodontic treatment. Long axis angle of the upper right third molar due to occlusal plane was increased nonsignificantly. Lower right third molars uprighted significantly. A positive correlation was found between the inclination of the lower right third molars and position of lower incisors and first molars. Conclusion: Treatment with extraction of premolars result in a greater space in the third molar region as a result of the mesial movement of the molars during space closure.

Long-term evaluation of Class II subdivision treatment with unilateral maxillary first molar extraction.

To evaluate the long-term effects of asymmetrical maxillary first molar (M1) extraction in Class II subdivision treatment. Records of 20 Class II subdivision whites (7 boys, 13 girls; mean age, 13.0 years; SD, 1.7 years) consecutively treated with the Begg technique and M1 extraction, and 15 untreated asymmetrical Class II adolescents (4 boys, 11 girls; mean age, 12.2 years; SD, 1.3 years) were examined in this study. Cephalometric analysis and PAR assessment were carried out before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and on average 2.5 years posttreatment (T3) for the treatment group, and at similar time points and average follow-up of 1.8 years for the controls. The adjusted analysis indicated that the maxillary incisors were 2.3 mm more retracted in relation to A-Pog between T1 and T3 (β = 2.31; 95% CI; 0.76, 3.87), whereas the mandibular incisors were 1.3 mm more protracted (β = 1.34; 95% CI; 0.09, 2.59), and 5.9° more proclined to the mandibular plane (β = 5.92; 95% CI; 1.43, 10.41) compared with controls. The lower lip appeared 1.4 mm more protrusive relative to the subnasale-soft tissue-Pog line throughout the observation period in the treated adolescents (β = 1.43; 95% CI; 0.18, 2.67). There was a significant PAR score reduction over the entire follow-up period in the molar extraction group (β = -6.73; 95% CI; -10.7, -2.7). At T2, 65% of the subjects had maxillary midlines perfectly aligned with the face. Unilateral M1 extraction in asymmetrical Class II cases may lead to favorable occlusal outcomes in the long term without harming the midline esthetics and soft tissue profile.

A novel way of correcting class II buccal segment occlusions

This paper presents five clinical cases demonstrating the use of the Upper Begg Lower Straight Wire (SWA) technique. It is a method for correcting Class II buccal segments but not involving the classic Begg technique. It frees the occlusion and tips the upper buccal segment teeth distally, and then a Nance button is used for anchorage reinforcement whilst the teeth are uprighted. Clinical Relevance: This article outlines an alternative method for correcting Class II buccal segments without the need for extractions.

A Clinical Evaluation of Three Force Delivery Systems in Stage II of the Begg Technique

A Clinical Evaluation of Three Force Delivery Systems in Stage II of the Begg Technique

A Clinical Evaluation of Three Force Delivery Systems in Stage II of the Begg Technique

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is presently dominated by two techniques, the Begg light wire differential force technique and the preadjusted edgewise technique. Orthodontic appliances at present commonly utilize sliding mechanics for extraction space closure with different types of force delivery systems. Materials and methods: The present study was designed to compare the rates of retraction and anchorage loss between elastics, elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs, using a continuous archwire system with the Begg light wire differential force technique. Results: The rate of canine retraction was faster by 0.6 mm per month with the NiTi closed coil spring compared to elastics and elastomeric chains. The NiTi closed coil springs produced more rapid rate of canine retraction but they also produced the greatest amount of anchorage loss.

The Location of the Center of Rotation of the Maxillary Central Incisor during Stage III of the Begg Technique: A Finite Element Study

The Location of the Center of Rotation of the Maxillary Central Incisor during Stage III of the Begg Technique: A Finite Element Study

The Location of the Center of Rotation of the Maxillary Central Incisor during Stage III of the Begg Technique: A Finite Element Study

Objective: To evaluate Stage III of the Begg technique using finite element method and to locate the center of rotation (Crot) during torquing and uprighting of the central incisor. Materials and methods: The maxillary central incisor was subjected to a finite element study. Movement of the tooth along the z-axis (labiolingual) and X-axis (mesiodistal) was noted. The Crot was located by finding the nodes which had zero displacement during the torquing and uprighting maneuvers. The location of Crot was also confirmed by the point of intersection of lines drawn along the long axis of the tooth between the initial and final positions after displacement. Results: This study revealed that the location of the Crot was 6.59 mm from the incisal edge (between the bracket slot and the cervical margin) during torquing maneuvers and 17.31 mm (between the apex and the middle third of the root) while uprighting the tooth. This is suggestive of a lack in control of the position of the crown during the third stage of Begg technique. Conclusion: Though the efficiency of torquing and uprighting in the Stage III of Begg technique was considered to be acceptable or satisfactory, it may be prudent to consider altering or effecting the Crot closer to the incisal edge for producing optimal result in Stage III.

Perawatan Maloklusi Kelas 1 Angle dengan Agenese Gigi 12, 14, 34, 44 dan Gangguan Sendi Temporomandibular dengan Alat Ortodontik Cekat Teknik Begg Disertai Pemakaian Trainer For Braces

Background: TMJ disorder is define as a condition of acute or chronic inflammation of TMJ in association with mandibular, myofunctional condition, teeth malposition and or malocclusion. TMJ disorder could lead to significant pain and anatomical damage. There are signs and symptoms of TMJ disorder, such as devition of jaw movement, clicking when openingor close the jaw, mastication disorder and decreasing interincisal distance. Purpose: To describe the result of orthodontic treatment with begg technique and trainer for braces on angle’s class I malocclusion with agenese involving 12, 14, 34, and 44 along with TMJ disorder and bad habit which is one side mastication. Case: 19 years old female complaining limited mouth opening, pain on the right side of TMJ when opening the mouth and when chewing hard food and also complaining of multiple diastema on upper and lower teeth. Diagnose : Angle’s class I with bidental protrusive, 3mm midline midline shifting to the left side, agenese involving 12,13,34,44, and one side mastication. Treatment : Patient treated witg begg technique and braces which is wear 1 hour at day time distance, and feel comfort when chewing hard foord and after 24 months of treatment with fixed begg appliance, malposition and interdigitation are corrected.

George Sherwood Hobson

George Sherwood Hobson, known as Sherwood to his many friends and colleagues, passed away after a short illness in hospital on 4 November 2011. Born in Belfast in 1930, Sherwood attended Wallace High School and Methodist College, excelling both academically and on the sports field, before going to Queen’s University where he gained his BDS in 1953. Married to Muriel in 1957 theirs was a formidable, loving partnership, each encouraging the other in their endeavours and those of their family, Ross, Leigh and Barry. After qualifying Sherwood worked in general dentistry in the Downshire Hospital and in the School of Dentistry Belfast, where he developed an interest in orthodontics. Sherwood set up the first solely orthodontic practice in Northern Ireland in 1959, and continued with his teaching appointment sharing his practical approach and enthusiasm with those in the Orthodontic Department. He attended both British and European Orthodontic Society meetings to become familiar with the Begg techniques which he then used to create the ‘Hobson smile’. Various local dental committees and the BDA benefited from his insight and input, and the profession is indebted to him for his negotiating skills. In 1976 Sherwood was Northern Ireland Branch President of the BDA. In 1981 he was elected Fellow of the International College of Dentistry and after retiring from practice in 2000 he was honoured with BDA life membership. Outside dentistry, Sherwood played an active and prominent role for many years with Larne Golf Club. He was a member of Malone Golf Club and the University Golfing Society. This interest in golf helped fill a little of the tremendous gap left by Muriel’s death in 2007. Local dramatic societies involved Sherwood as a director or producer. He travelled throughout the province in the 1970s and 1980s and could recount many amusing stories of being stopped at police and army checkpoints in a car filled with disguises, props and wiring. Sherwood enjoyed life and helping wherever he could. He will be missed by his many friends and colleagues. To his family we offer our sincere condolences. D. McLeod, R. Hobson

Simultaneous Intrusion and Retraction in Begg Appliance and Evaluation of Same by Non-numerical Approach by Esthetic Analysis

Many appliances, labial and lingual have emerged with different mechanics for simultaneous intrusion and retraction. Nowadays, the temporary anchorage devices are advocated as a method of augmenting anchorage. The present case utilizes the conventional technique of archwire modification according to Hocevar in Begg's technique for true incisor intrusion and simultaneous retraction. A non-numeric approach analysis called esthetic analysis is used for lower third of face to evaluate the treatment results.

Extraction of maxillary first molars improves second and third molar inclinations in Class II Division 1 malocclusion

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in inclination of the maxillary second (M2) and third (M3) molars after orthodontic treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with extraction of maxillary first molars. Two groups of subjects were studied. The experimental group consisted of 37 subjects, 18 boys and 19 girls (mean age, 13.2 ± 1.62 years). The inclusion criteria were white origin, Class II Division 1 malocclusion, overjet ≥4 mm, no missing teeth or agenesis, and maxillary M3 present. All patients were treated with extraction of the maxillary first molars and the Begg technique. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken at the start of active treatment (T1) and at least 3.7 years posttreatment (T2). The control group was drawn from the archives of the Nittedal Growth Material (Oslo University, Oslo, Norway) and included 54 untreated Class I and Class II subjects,18 boys and 36 girls (mean age, 13.4 ± 1.99 years) followed up for a minimum of 3.6 years. M2 and M3 inclinations relative to the palatal plane (PP) and functional occlusal plane (FOP) were measured and compared between groups and time periods. M2 to PP inclination improved significantly in both the control group (M2-PP at T1, 17.7° ± 5.81°, and at T2, 11.9° ± 4.61°) and the experimental group (M2-PP at T1, 26.7° ± 5.75°, and at T2, 6.9° ± 6.76°). There were also significant increases of the mesial inclination of M3 in the control group (M3-PP at T1, 30.1° ± 8.54°, and at T2, 19.6° ± 9.01°) and extraction group (M3-PP at T1, 32.2° ± 7.90°, and at T2, 12.8° ± 7.36°). By using the FOP as the reference system, no significant change in the inclination of M2 was observed in the control group, whereas, in the extraction group, although more distally inclined at T1, M2 ended up mesially inclined at T2 (M2-FOP at T1, 14.2° ± 4.62°, and at T2, -6.2° ± 6.10°; P<0.0001). M3 inclinations were similar between the groups at T1 (M3-FOP control, 17.3° ± 9.35°; M3-FOP experimental, 19.6° ± 7.37°), and these improved significantly in both groups. However, M3 uprighting was almost 4 times greater in the extraction group (M3-FOP from T2-T1, 5.6° vs 19.9°). The greatest distal inclination of M3 at T2 in the extraction group was 9.4°, a value attained by only 43% of the control group. Extraction of the maxillary first molars in Class II Division 1 patients results in significant uprighting of M2 and M3 and facilitates the normal eruption of M3.

Management of Malocclusions: Report of Two Cases Treated Using Begg Technique at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

Two young Nigerians, one male and the other female who reported with crowding and proclamation of the incisors were successfully treated with Begg Light Technique at the Orthodontic Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The active treatment times were 23 and 27 months respectively and Hawley Retainers were used to achieve stability of the occlusion for a duration of six months. At the end of treatment, patients' aesthetics and the occlusal relationship of the dentition were dramatically improved. NQJHM Vol. 14 (1) 2004: pp. 39-44

重度歯周疾患患者に矯正治療を併用して審美，機能回復を行った１症例

The patient was a 44-year-old woman who presented with masticatory and esthetic problems. She had discoloration of CR filling of a maxillary anterior tooth, marginal discoloration, anterior protrusion, median diastema, and closed bite where the mandibular anterior tooth region occluded with the maxillary alveolar region, tooth 8 elongation and tooth 4 defect. Periodontal and orthodontic treatments were therefore performed for esthetic and functional recovery. After prosthodontic therapy, postoperative management techniques are crucial, including thorough plaque control, use of a retainer to prevent teeth from moving back towards the original positions (Begg technique), muscle function therapy (improving tongue movement patterns and strengthening the lingual and oral sphincter muscles) and occlusal adjustment. In the present patient, the effectiveness of orthodontic therapy before prosthodontic therapy was reaffirmed: dentine can be preserved, prosthodontic therapy is easier to perform, and therapeutic outcomes are highly predictable.

The variable anchorage straight wire technique compared with the straight wire technique in deep overbite correction

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the treatment results and the number of required treatment appointments between the variable anchorage straight wire technique (VAST) and the straight wire (SW) technique. The subjects were 53 Caucasian patients of both sexes (25 males and 28 females, mean age 13.5 years at the start of treatment), with an overjet > or = 4 mm and an overbite > or = 3 mm. The patients were divided into four groups, VAST (n = 31) or SW (n = 22), extraction or non-extraction, and were treated by the same orthodontist. Variables from two lateral cephalograms obtained before and at the completion of active treatment, and the number of scheduled appointments were compared between the two techniques. The main difference between the two techniques was the bracket design. With the VAST, the bracket allowed both tipping and parallel movements with the possibility to combine double archwires. Due to the influence of the Begg technique, no extra-oral traction was needed in the VAST groups and Class II elastics were used at the start of treatment. Both techniques seemed to produce equal treatment results. However, in this study, it was shown that in deep overbite correction, the VAST required fewer scheduled appointments than the SW technique.

PERUBAHAN PARAMETER DIMENSI VERTIKAL PADA PERAWATAN ORTHODONTI DENGAN PENCABUTAN EMPAT PREMOLAR UTAMA (Studi Sefalometrik)

The purpose of this study is to examine vertical dimensional changes after orthodontic treatment involving the extractions of maxillary and mandibular first premolar. Records of 33 patients consecutively selected consist of 30 females and 3 males, with class I malrelation of 14 subjects, class II malrelation of 19 subjects. 19 subjects were treated with Edgewise technique and 14 subjects were treated with Begg technique. Mean chronologic age was 20.33 years, with the range between 16 and 30 years old. The vertical dimensional changes were measured by three angular and eight linier parameters of pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. The measurements were analyzed for statistical difference by paired t test. There was statistically significant difference in SNMP, FMPA, anterior face height, lower anterior face height, upper anterior dental height, lower anterior dental height, upper posterior dental height, lower posterior dental height. But there was no statistically difference in Y-axis, upper anterior face height and posterior face height.