Beer Factory Research Articles

Assessment of Microbial Contamination in the Infulene River Basin, Mozambique

Water microbial contamination is one of the major threats to human health. The study focus is on Infulene River Basin, a urban catchment with mainly informal settlements, with limited water supply and sanitation. In the catchment there are two wastewater treatment plants, one hospital and beer factory located on the banks of the main stream; water from this stream is used for urban agriculture and domestic uses by some dwellers. These factors present a significant health risk from water-borne diseases. At the moment there is limited knowledge about the level of microbial contamination of the different sources of water at the disposal of the communities. Thus, a preliminary study on fecal microbial contamination was conducted targeting the Infulene River and the drainage system from the nearby Maputo city draining into the system, with additional investigation on the drinking water provided by the city water supply company. The quantification of Total Coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) was conducted at several sampling locations. Results were compared with official drinking water standards. Eighty two percent (82%) and 61% of Infulene river water and drainage water samples were positive for TC (105 to 109 NPN/100 mL) and EC (105 to 107 NPN/100 mL), respectively. For drinking water samples, 63% and 23% were positive for TC (up to 6000 NPN/100 mL) and EC (up to 1000 NPN/100 mL), respectively. Higher microbial contamination was found in neighborhoods with the poorest sanitation and shallow groundwater, i.e., Chamanculo, Xipamanine, Mafalala, Aeroporto and Maxaquene, a situation that was more expressive during the rainy season. Overall, the study confirmed the high vulnerability to microbial contamination of all sources investigated due to poor sanitation and lack of drainage infrastructure. The risks to human health might be even higher considering that contaminated water is used for gardening of vegetable watering and domestic use.

Are smallholder farmers benefiting from malt barley contract farming engagement in Ethiopia?

BackgroundIt is believed that in Ethiopia barley has been cultivated before 3000BC. Among the cereals, it is ranked in fifth place and the most important crop next to teff, sorghum, and wheat in the country. Different works of literature highlight that engagement in contract farming is one of the innovations promoted to tackle technology constraints of the smallholder farmers, as a possible solution to raising productivity and linking smallholders in the emerging modern marketing chains. Associated with the rapid rate of urbanization in the country, there is a high demand for malt barley which is resulting high expansion of beer factories. Consequently, in the study area, many farmers got into a contract agreement with Assela malt barley factories. Recent studies conducted on malt barley in Ethiopia gave much emphasis to the value chain aspect of malt barley. Therefore, the main motive behind this study was to fill the empirical literature gap in the field by giving much emphasis on the impact assessment of malt barley contract arrangement on income and food items dietary diversity of the respondent households.MethodologyTo attain the study objectives, both primary and secondary data were collected and used. Randomly selected 312 households comprising 127 households engaged in malt barley contract farming arrangements and 185 non-contract households were the source of primary data for this study. Secondary data were collected from a review of different works of literature. Both descriptive and econometric models were used to analyze the primary data using Stata software version 14. The propensity score matching model was applied to examine the impact of malt barley contract farming engagement on the income and dietary diversity of the respondents.ResultIt was found that family size, credit use, livestock holding, malt barley production experience, frequency of extension contact, and land allotted for malt barley production positively determine the probability of participation in malt barley contract farming arrangement. Contrary to this, distance to the malt barley collection centers negatively determine the probability of participation in malt barley contract farming. The ATT estimation of the PSM indicated that participation in malt barley contract farming has a positive impact on the income and dietary diversity of the respondent households.ConclusionParticipation in contract farming had a positive and significant impact on the annual income and dietary diversity of the smallholder households. The sensitivity analysis result showed that the impact results estimated by this study are insensitive to unobserved selection bias and the result obtained shows the true impact of contract farming on the income of the households. Therefore, concerned bodies working on malt barley production aspects as a development intervention should work to encourage non-contract farmers to engage in this activity.

Capitalism, Protectionism, and Beer Wars in Rock Island, 1880–1900

Capitalism, Protectionism, and Beer Wars in Rock Island, 1880–1900

Effects of Solid Beer Factory Waste as a Partial Replacement of Gypsum for Stabilization of Weak Subgrade Soil

Effects of Solid Beer Factory Waste as a Partial Replacement of Gypsum for Stabilization of Weak Subgrade Soil

Performance Evaluation of Malt Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties for Yield and Quality Traits in Eastern Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an annual cereal crop that belongs to the grass family Poaceae of the tribe Triticeae. Due to the establishment and production capacity of malt and beer factories in Ethiopia, malt barley production demand increased from time to time. Eight released malt barley varieties were evaluated in four environments in Wag-himra and Lasta districts in the main production season for two years (2016 and 2017). The objective of the trial was to identify a high yielder and standard-quality malting barley variety for production. The trial was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications on a plot size of 1.2 m width with that of 2.5 m length. The results revealed that there was a highly significant difference in grain yield and quality traits ( p < 0.05 ). The kernel protein and starch content of the varieties ranged from 9.85 to 11 and 63–65%. The thousand kernel weight of the varieties was in the range of 32.5 to 46.4 g. EH1847 (3340 kg ha−1), IBON174/03 (3351 kg ha−1), and Bahati (3220 kg ha−1) were the first three best performing high yielder and best varieties that fulfilled quality parameter requirements set by the National Standard Authority for malting barley. Therefore, these varieties are recommended for production in the Wag-himra and Lasta agroecologies for their high yield, kernel size, and kernel protein content. Further study is required on agronomic practices and brewing quality attributes in malt barley.

Fantasmas industriales del pasado y una aproximación a la dimensión pragmática de la semiosis: caso fábrica de Cerveza Pilsen Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú

El objetivo de esta investigación fue develar los valores del patrimonio industrial, caso de la Fábrica de Cerveza Pilsen Trujillo en la Libertad Perú, desde la perspectiva de la dimensión pragmática de la semiosis. Actualmente, en Perú los edificios industriales son ignorados por las instituciones encargadas del patrimonio cultural. 
 Esta investigación fue cualitativa porque se trató de descubrir significados culturales pertenecientes al patrimonio cultural industrial desde la perspectiva de los usuarios.
 Finalmente, por las evidencias, se concluyó que los objetos patrimoniales, como la Fábrica de Cerveza Pilsen Trujillo, tienen atributos comunicacionales, por tanto, la semiosis está presente en ellos, especialmente la pragmática, porque un bien patrimonial solamente se puede entender cuando este tiene relación con los usuarios.

The duality of creative hubs in non-Western contexts: the case of Bomontiada

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the transformation of the historic beer factory in the Bomonti neighbourhood of Istanbul into an entertainment and culture hub, Bomontiada. I critically analyse Bomontiada as an example of neoliberal urban transformation; in this case through the vehicle of the creative industries. I engage in a number of open-ended and semi-structured interviews conducted with both the creative actors as well as those who were involved in the formation of this hub. I show the crucial tension between ideas of inclusivity and creativity, and the reality of corporate profit margins, and exclusion. Bomontiada was conceptualized as an open space for the cultural and creative industries to flourish, but now has taken on aspects of gentrification and gated community. The story of the emergence of Bomontiada exemplifies the challenges inherent in the creation and the activities of capitalist creative hubs in a politically ambiguous environment like that of Turkey.

Peculiarities of Organization of Beer Production in Russia in late 19th – early 20th century

Introduction. The tax history of the Russian Empire is very specific: since the 17th century, indirect taxes have taken an increasing place among the objects of taxation, and indirect taxes have become increasingly important for the formation of the treasury. In this regard, beer was also referred to as excise goods, the production and sale of which began to receive increased attention from the State. If until the middle of the 19th century there was no special control over production, after the introduction of the “Regulation on Drinking Collection” of 1861 the situation changes. In addition to checking excise payments, the functional duties of excise officials included inspection and evaluation of equipment (tank, barrels), technological processes, including the number and volume of congestion, compliance with the plant technical characteristics. In this regard, it is of interest to study the structure of beer factories and their technical characteristics. The purpose of this work is to analyze the relationship between the structure of beer factories in the Russian Empire and its profitability. Materials and Methods. Solving research tasks was provided by a set of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Result. There was no uniform regulation to the technical characteristics of beer plants. In its arrangement, brewers were pushed against the capabilities of the raw material base, the quality and depth of groundwater, and the possible mark. Discussion and Conclusion. The largest beer production was in the western territories of the Russian Empire. In the central provinces and in the east of the country, beer did not have much demand, so there were fewer factories there, and their organization and modernization were rare.

A Survey on New Product Development, Market Orientation and Organizational Financial Performance: A Case Study on Selected Beer Factories in Ethiopia

Survey was conducted to investigate the association between market orientation, production process, product performance, organizational performance and financial performance. The purpose of this survey was to investigate relationships among market orientation, launch strategy, product performance, organizational performance, profitability and financial performance. Target populations were employees of selected Ethiopian beer factories BGI Ethiopia who are currently consuming the product; from which sample was determined through judgmental sampling method. Inquired data was collected via survey questionnaire, linear regression analysis was conducted to check the relationship among leading variable. Finally it was found that firms’ profitability and financial performance are being influenced by market orientation, launch strategy, product performance and organizational performance. Firms are recommended to focus on enhancing market orientation, launch strategy, product performance and organizational performance to boost profitability and financial performance.

NOVAS DINÂMICAS DE LAZER: AS FÁBRICAS DE CERVEJA NO RIO DE JANEIRO DO SÉCULO XIX (1856-1884)

No Rio de Janeiro de meados do século XIX, percebe-se uma maior estruturação de um mercado de entretenimentos, relacionado, inclusive, à conformação de uma sociedade civil que se diversificava socioeconomicamente. Tendo em conta ampliar o olhar sobre essa dinâmica social, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir a experiência de um tipo de estabelecimento que articulava as “artes industriais” com a oferta de alternativas de diversão: fábricas de cerveja localizadas na região central da capital. Trata-se fundamentalmente de uma abordagem histórica da cidade a partir de um de seus divertimentos.

Đặc tính bùn thải từ hệ thống xử lý nước thải của nhà máy sản xuất bia và chế biến thủy sản

Landfill of sludge from waste water treatment plants is harmful to environment. Therefore, the study aimed at investigating chemical and nutritional properties of sludge from wastewater treatment plants of beer and seafood processing factories for reusing in producing organic fertilizer. Sludge samples were collected at beer factories in Soc Trang, Tien Giang, and Bac Lieu provinces and at seafood processing factories in Dong Thap, An Giang, Hau Giang, Tien Giang, and Bac Lieu provinces for determination of chemical, nutritional and biological properties. Results showed that pH of both kinds of sludge was slightly acidic to neutral (6,15-7,6). Electrical conductivity values were suitable (ranging from 2,1 to 4,56mS/cm). Organic carbon contents were at high level (21,53-42,81%C). Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus contents in both sludges were high, at 1,81-4,65%N and 3,31-7,29%P2O5 respectively, but total Potassium content was low at 0,16-0,74% K2O for all sludge samples. Cd and Pb concentrations and Salmonella population in sludge were below the standard issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, except for the samples at seafood processing factory in Bac Lieu province. E.coli and Coliform population exceeded the standard limits. Total Mn, Zn, Cu in sludges were suitable for reusing in composting. Therefore, both of the sludges from wastewater treatment plants of beer and seafood processing factories could be reused for organic composting.

Modern Beer Factory Interwoven in Urban Texture

The main idea of this research is to present a concept of integration of a beer factory in a new urban reality. Nowadays, modern development of industrial architecture enables beer factories to leave their typical locations in industrial zones and draw nearer to their customers. To design a modern industrial complex incorporating the ideas of the contemporary way of designing an industrial facility with a clear and indicative architectural expression of its hybrid character requires great skilfulness. Using a linear grid, the concept of this project will be developed in a composition consisting of several strips. This kind of structure creates a compositional equivalence from strip to strip, integrating the natural and the urban, the public and the private.

Removal of the Pesticide Pymetrozine from Aqueous Solution by Biochar Produced from Brewer's Spent Grain at Different Pyrolytic Temperatures

Biochar (BC) produced from brewer's spent grain (BSG) via slow pyrolysis at 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C was characterized and investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of the pesticide pymetrozine from aqueous solution. Batch BSG BCs adsorption experiments were carried out under various conditions (such as pH, pymetrozine concentration, and BC dosage) to adsorb the pymetrozine. The BSG BCs adsorption pymetrozine capacities were increased by 21.4% to 55.5% under pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C compared to 700 °C with a pyrolysis time of 2 h and by 19.0% to 52.1% at 4 h. At solution pH values of 2, 4, 6, and 8, the adsorption capacities were increased by 9.6% to 39.5% compared with that at pH 10. A similar adsorption tendency was found for the different BCs dosage. In the first 60 min, BC absorbed 70% to 80% pymetrozine. The Langmuir and Freundlich model were highly correlated with BC adsorption. The magnitude of free energy decreased by 32.2% to 47.3% with increasing temperature. The value of the enthalpy change showed the adsorption to be endothermic. The BSG BC had high efficiency in adsorbing pymetrozine and had great potential to prevent the water pollution and reuse the waste of the beer factory.

Practice of E-P Analysis on Cleaner Production in a Beer Factory

E-P analysis technology was used in this article to accurately discuss the energy-saving effects of scale enlarging and the cleaner production in a beer factory. Electricity and water consumption were compared in two manufacture phases of the brewery; and the unit consumptions of electricity and fresh water showed that the projects of enlarging and cleaner production has brought efficiency and benefits for the factory.

Dose-Dependent Neurologic Abnormalities in Workers Exposed to 1-Bromopropane

Objectives:To investigate the health effects of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) and its dose-dependency in 1-BP production factories in China.Methods:Data of 60 female and 26 male workers in three 1-BP factories and the same number of age-, sex-, and region-matched controls were interviewed and examined. The

What’s in a Beer? Cultures that Interact in Brewery Privatization

This paper is based on a study of a local beer factory, located in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, which recently went through the privatization process. At the end of 2003, the Pančevo Brewery was taken over by Efes Group, thus becoming the most western operation in the process of Efes spreading across the European market. Although it is customary to conceptualize privatization as a purely economic issue, research of the privatization of such a local company by a large international producer provided us with an opportunity to observe, analyze and interpret various ways in which economy and culture inter-reacted, and became mutually dependent. The field of economic change was observed as a space of cultural transformation, where business, organizational and working cultures of “socialism” and “capitalism” met and influenced each other, both on institutional and personal levels. Different notions of “culture” that illustrate the increasing “culturalization” of economy at the turn of the century were singled out. Particular attention was paid to socialism as a legacy, operating through narrative and residual practices. At the same time, this legacy was an obstacle for desired change as well as a source for sustaining a sense of personal worth among employees faced with the approaching hegemonic narrative of “capitalism triumphant”.

Improvement in filtration characteristics of diatomite by calcination

This paper examines the calcination and filtration characteristics of diatomite. For this purpose, diatomite ore was calcined at 1000°C in order to improve the material characteristics for use in filtration. The physical, chemical, thermal and micro-structural features of the raw and the calcined diatomites were then determined to compare them with those of the commercial filter aids currently used. In order to determine filtration efficiency of the diatomite samples, several filtration tests were carried out together with the beer samples and the commercial filter aids taken from a leading beer factory in Turkey. It is shown that the calcined diatomite could successfully be used for beer filtration after suitable arrangement of the particle size distribution, such that the highest possible flow rate and filtrate clarity are obtained.

EHEDG in eastern Europe

Since the foundation of EHEDG in 1989, the guidelines of EHEDG have been accepted and applied by the food industry, equipment manufacturers, consultants, test institutes and authorities in all countries in western Europe. Although in 1989 EHEDG was a small organisation, supported by just a few, be it major, players in the food and equipment industry, currently EHEDG has Regional Sections in many western European countries, including Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Scandinavia, Spain and Switzerland. Some of these Sections exist for quite some time, others have been founded recently and are still under development. The guidelines of EHEDG are also appreciated outside Europe, resulting in a section in Japan and Thailand and the set up of an EHEDG test facility in the USA. Until recently, the only country in eastern Europe with a Regional EHEDG Section, was Poland. Although EHEDG does not make nor intends to make standards, many standards on the design of food processing equipment have been based to a significant extent on the guidelines developed by EHEDG. Often, members of EHEDG Subgroups were also members of the standardisation committees in Europe and elsewhere and helped developing the standards. Not so long ago, food processors had to meet legal requirements that differed between countries and consequently, companies had to manufacture several executions of pumps, valves and many other components, depending on the country of destination. Therefore, having the same guidelines and standards everywhere is of great importance to the food industry and its suppliers. Subgroups of EHEDG develop the guidelines and because the composition of these groups is usually multinational, the language that is used is English. The resulting guidelines therefore too, are in English. One of the main reasons for regional sections is the translation of the guidelines into local languages, recognising that those who need to apply the guidelines often have not the command of English to fully understand them. In addition, there is a need for training and education in hygienic food manufacturing and in designing hygienic machinery in local languages, which is not readily available. Half of the European population lives in the eastern part, where traditionally the command of English is less than in western Europe, for the simple reason that in the time of the Soviet Union, not English but Russian was the language of communication between countries. To make EHEDG guidelines and training material accessible to the eastern countries, in 2007 the executive committee of EHEDG decided to start activities, aimed at the creation of Regional Sections in more of the eastern countries. Another reason is that participation of eastern countries in EHEDG may offer significant benefits to EHEDG. During recent visits to food factories in eastern Europe, it became evident that the level of hygiene in many food factories in eastern Europe is at least at the same level as in western Europe and in several cases possibly even at a higher level. It certainly applies to some slaughterhouses in Serbia and a very large beer factory in Kiev. It is with great interest that I look forward to seeing more food factories in the eastern part of Europe.

Neurologic abnormalities in workers of a 1-bromopropane factory.

We reported recently that 1-bromopropane (1-BP; n-propylbromide, CAS Registry no. 106-94-5), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, is neurotoxic and exhibits reproductive toxicity in rats. The four most recent case reports suggested possible neurotoxicity of 1-BP in workers. The aim of the present study was to establish the neurologic effects of 1-BP in workers and examine the relationship with exposure levels. We surveyed 27 female workers in a 1-BP production factory and compared 23 of them with 23 age-matched workers in a beer factory as controls. The workers were interviewed and examined by neurologic, electrophysiologic, hematologic, biochemical, neurobehavioral, and postural sway tests. 1-BP exposure levels were estimated with passive samplers. Tests with a tuning fork showed diminished vibration sensation of the foot in 15 workers exposed to 1-BP but in none of the controls. 1-BP factory workers showed significantly longer distal latency in the tibial nerve than did the controls but no significant changes in motor nerve conduction velocity. Workers also displayed lower values in sensory nerve conduction velocity in the sural nerve, backward recalled digits, Benton visual memory test scores, pursuit aiming test scores, and five items of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test (tension, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and confusion) compared with controls matched for age and education. Workers hired after May 1999, who were exposed to 1-BP only (workers hired before 1999 could have also been exposed to 2-BP), showed similar changes in vibration sense, distal latency, Benton test scores, and depression and fatigue in the POMS test. Time-weighted average exposure levels in the workers were 0.34–49.19 ppm. Exposure to 1-BP could adversely affect peripheral nerves or/and the central nervous system.

A study of industrial anaerobic treatment of opaque beer brewery wastewater in a tropical climate using a full-scale UASB reactor seeded with activated sludge

A full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating traditional opaque beer brewery wastewater recently installed at an opaque beer factory was studied for 2 years. The total volume of the reactor was 500 m 3 and the hydraulic retention time was approximately 24 h. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the UASB reactor during anaerobic digestion of opaque beer brewery wastewater in terms of treatment efficiency. The untreated opaque beer wastewater has high solids content and high organic matter, which need pretreatment before it is discharged into municipal sewage treatment works. The UASB reactor enables the brewery to meet the requirements of the wastewater discharged into municipal sewerage system of Harare. The average percentage reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was 57%. The total and settleable solids were also reduced by 50 and 90%, respectively. The effluent from the UASB reactor contained higher orthophosphates and nitrogen levels than the influent leading to the accumulation of these nutrients in the system. These results indicated that the UASB plant was effective for treating opaque beer brewery wastewater at ambient temperature to meet the quality of effluent that can be discharged into public water works.