Beck Depression Inventory-II Research Articles

Exploring the mental health of young people in households and schools in Gorongosa District, Center of Mozambique.

The mental health needs of young people in sub-Saharan African societies remain understudied. This study builds upon the everyday perspectives of young people in Gorongosa, a rural district in central Mozambique, to determine the frequency and severity of key mental health issues, identify significant risk and protective factors, and their associations with demographic factors and mental health predictors. This cross-sectional study gathered culturally and ecologically relevant variables, such as sociodemographic indicators and risk and protective factors. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ) and Nocturnal Intrusions after Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (NITE) were used to determine the prevalence and severity of key mental health issues. A convenience sampling was used involving n = 794 young people of those (45.8%) were females and the mean age of all participants was 17.24 years (SD 2.9). To examine the results, univariate analysis, chi-square tests, binary logistic regression analyses and odds ratio were used. Risk factors were pervasive in households, communities, and schools. Mental health problems were commonly linked to severe depression (14.2%), anxiety-related disorders (39.3%), sleep disturbances (37.3%), and anxiety dreams (27.5%). Gender, age, and protective factors were associated with the frequency and severity of mental health outcomes, while living with both parents protected against the severity of anxiety-related disorders. Understanding the contextual mental health needs of young people in rural Mozambique is crucial for developing insights to craft and implement targeted public mental health interventions in resource-limited settings. Addressing mental health issues among young people necessitates a concentrated effort on understanding and managing the interplay of risks and protective factors within families, communities, and schools.

Suboptimal health among Chinese middle school students may be associated with psychological symptoms and sleep duration: a cross-sectional survey in China.

Suboptimal health status (SHS) is an intermediate status between ideal heath and illness, it is characterized by the perception of health complaints, general weakness, decreased immunity and low energy. An increasing number of Chinese middle school students are suffering from psychological symptoms (PS), particularly anxiety and depression. The relationship between SHS and PS is unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS and the correlation between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students and to identify the SHS-related risk factors from the perspective of public health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 1955 middle school students in Shantou, China. SHS was assessed by Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). And the PS of anxiety and depression were assessed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Inventory-II Scale (BDI-II) self-assessment questionnaires. Variate logistic analysis was applied to explore risk factors of SHS. The relationship between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students was subsequently analyzed. Among the 1955 participants, 1904 middle school students were finally included in the analysis, the effective response rate was 97.39%. The prevalence of SHS was 10.3% (197/1904) while the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.7% (585/1904) and 34.1% (649/1904), respectively. A strong correlation was identified between SHS and PS among middle school students. With the aggravation of anxiety and depression, the probability of suffering from SHS increased (both P<0.01). The scores for various dimensions of SHS among the depression and anxiety groups were higher compared to those of the non-depression and non-anxiety groups (all P<0.01 ). Multivariate regression showed that compared with sleeping less than six hours, 6-8h is a protective factor for SHS (OR = 0.486, 95%CI = 0.278-0.851). Attention should be given to SHS and PS in Chinese middle school students, as they are strongly associated. Lack of sleep is a risk factor for SHS, so sufficient sleep should be recommended to prevent it. Identifying additional risk factors and promoting adequate sleep will improve adolescent health.

The impact of acupuncture on the brain function of patients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial protocol

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disease that significantly impact the daily lives of those affected. Acupuncture has shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of MDD, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the influence of acupuncture on the brain function of patients with MDD and it’s therapeutic effects on MDD.MethodsThis study plans to recruit 112 participants, who will be randomly allocated to either the acupuncture group or the sham acupuncture group in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will undergo 8 weeks of treatment, consisting of three sessions per week, with each session lasting for 30 min. A follow-up period of 3 months will be conducted after the treatment. Assessments will be conducted at weeks 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 in this study. The primary outcome measure will be functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging, while secondary outcome measures will include Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome score scale, and symptom elimination rate.DiscussionWhile acupuncture has been confirmed to have a certain degree of therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of MDD, research on the mechanisms underlying acupuncture’s treatment of MDD remains limited, particularly with regards to its impact on the brain function of individuals with MDD. This study aims to explore both the clinical effectiveness and treatment mechanisms of acupuncture for MDD, with a specific focus on its influence on brain function. This research endeavors to provide new insights into the potential of acupuncture as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of MDD in the future.Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, ID: ChiCTR2300076292. Registered on 28 September 2023.

Examining what works for whom and how in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for recurrent depression: moderated-mediation analysis in the PREVENT trial.

Personalised management of recurrent depression, considering individual patient characteristics, is crucial. This study evaluates the potentially different mediating role of mindfulness skills in managing recurrent depression using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) among people with varying depression severity. Data from the Prevention of Depressive Relapse or Recurrence (PREVENT) trial, comparing MBCT (with antidepressant medication (ADM) tapering support, MBCT-tapering support) versus maintenance-ADM, were used. The study included pre, post, 9-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-ups. Adults with ≥3 previous major depressive episodes, in full/partial remission (below threshold for a current episode), on ADM, were assessed for eligibility in primary care practices in the UK. People were randomised (1:1) to MBCT-tapering support or maintenance-ADM. We used the Beck Depression Inventory-II to evaluate depressive symptom changes over the six time points. Pre-post treatment, we employed the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire to gauge mindfulness skills. Baseline symptom and history variables were used to identify individuals with varying severity profiles. We conducted Latent Profile Moderated-Mediation Growth Mixture Models. A total of 424 people (mean (s.d.) age = 49.44 (12.31) years; with 325 (76.7%) self-identified as female) were included. A mediating effect of mindfulness skills, between trial arm allocation and the linear rate of depressive symptoms change over 24 months, moderated by depression severity, was observed (moderated-mediation index = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.66, -0.03). Conditional indirect effects were -0.42 (95% CI = -0.78, -0.18) for higher severity (expected mean BDI-II reduction = 10 points), and -0.15 (95% CI = -0.35, -0.02) for lower severity (expected mean BDI-II reduction = 3.5 points). Mindfulness skills constitute a unique mechanism driving change in MBCT (versus maintenance-ADM). Individuals with higher depression severity may benefit most from MBCT-tapering support for residual symptoms. It is unclear if these effects apply to those with a current depressive episode. Future research should investigate individuals who are not on medication. This study provides preliminary evidence for personalised management of recurrent depression. ISRCTN26666654.

Behavioral activation program for reducing depressive symptoms among the bereaved of cancer patients: A feasibility and preliminary effectiveness study in Japan.

This study aimed to examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a behavioral activation (BA) program for the bereaved of cancer patients toward reducing depressive symptoms. The BA program for the bereaved was a partially modified version for cancer patients. This program encompassed a preinterview and seven 50-minute sessions every 1-2 weeks, using worksheets, with homework assignments each day. To examine feasibility, the completion rates of intervention and 3 months of follow-up were examined. To examine the preliminary effectiveness, psychological symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; primary outcome) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) for depression and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety. These were evaluated 3 times: before, immediately after, and 3-month post-intervention. Non-parametric tests were used for comparison of scores at 3 time points and calculation of effect size. Of the 42 bereaved who were contacted, 21 were eligible and 20 were participated, while 19 and 18 were in the completed intervention and completed 3-month post-intervention categories (intervention completion rate was 95% and follow-up completion rate was 90%). PHQ-9, BDI-II, and GAD-7 showed significant reductions immediately and 3 months after the intervention compared to pre-intervention, and the effect sizes were all large after 3 months, although they were less than immediately after (PHQ-9: 0.89, 0.71; BDI-II: 0.88, 0.67; GAD-7: 0.57, 0.53). This study indicated that the BA program for the bereaved of cancer patients was feasible and effective vis-à-vis reducing depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms in Brazilian Parkinson’s disease patients treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: A Cross-Sectional study

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that primarily affects movement and is often accompanied by depressive symptoms. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a therapeutic intervention for PD, although its impact on depressive symptoms remains complex. This study investigates the relationship between PD, DBS, and depressive symptoms, focusing on how DBS influences cognitive function and mood among PD patients in Brazil. The study involved two cohorts: one in 2019 with 46 participants and another in 2022 with 31 patients. Distinct assessment instruments, including the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and Beck Depression Inventory-II, were employed to evaluate depressive symptoms. The results revealed no significant correlation between participants’ gender and the presence of DBS, but substantial differences were observed in age, disease duration, and Activities of Daily Living scores. Patients undergoing DBS showed notably poorer cognitive performance compared to those treated solely with medication. Furthermore, the use of DBS was associated with higher scores on depressive symptoms scales within one of the cohorts. These findings underscore the intricate interplay among PD, DBS treatment, and depressive symptoms, highlighting the necessity for tailored approaches to patient care.

Neuropathology of Severe Depression in Long COVID-19 Infection; Possible Roles for Astrocytes, Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

Background: The incidence of depression has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some individuals infected with COVID-19 develop persistent neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms approximately 12 weeks after the acute infection, a condition known as long COVID-19 syndrome. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are enzymes abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), playing important roles in neuronal energy homeostasis. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum GFAP, CK, and LDH levels and depression in patients with long COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 patients (75 males and 75 females). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used, along with standardized peripheral serum assessments. Serum GFAP, CK, and LDH levels were measured using customized direct ELISA. Data were matched by age and sex, and analyzed using Spearman non-parametric tests to assess the correlation between variables. Results: The serum level of GFAP was significantly higher in both males and females with severe depression compared to those with mild depression (282 ± 3 pg/mL, 280 ± 2.9 pg/mL, P = 0.001). The mean serum CK level was 239 ± 24.05 U/L in males and 142 ± 18.08 U/L in females (P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between CK serum levels and Beck scores (r = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.176 to 0.469), with a similar pattern observed for LDH (r = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.042 to 0.358). GFAP, CK, and LDH levels were higher in male patients. Conclusions: This study identified potential neurobiological mechanisms in CNS-related long COVID syndrome, suggesting that elevated astrocyte activity, along with increased serum CK and LDH levels, may contribute to the neurobiological issues seen in depressed long COVID survivors. Men appeared to be more susceptible to these changes than women. Further research is essential.

The Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: Cross-Sectional Study from Somalia.

Depression is one of the most common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), with an increasing prevalence in recent years. It causes significant psychological consequences that affect the disease course, overall quality of life, and functioning. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in outpatients with Parkinson's disease evaluated in the neurology clinic at tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 PD patients without dementia to determine the prevalence of depression at the neurology clinic of the Mogadishu Somalia Türkiye Training and Research Hospital between February and November 2022. All eligible participants were interviewed by a team of doctors using a structured questionnaire that consisted of sociodemographics and clinical characteristics, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) for depression assessment, and the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale for PD staging. Of the 50 PD participants, 60% were male and 58% were older than 60 years. 20% of them had a family history of PD and HTN as comorbid conditions. The prevalence of depression among the participants was 46% (95% CI 31.8-60.7). Of the patients with depression, 22% and 24% had mild and moderate depressive symptoms, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed a statistically significant association between depression symptoms and the presence of comorbidity (χ2 = 136.50, p<0.01). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant association between depression symptoms and a longer duration of PD (χ2 (2) = 18.21, p<0.01) and advanced stages of PD (χ2 (2) = 13.74, p<0.01). This is the first study conducted on patients with PD in Somalia and found that a significant proportion of these patients experienced depressive symptoms. We also highlighted that factors such the presence of medical comorbidities, high monthly income, advanced PD stage, longer duration of PD, and use of multiple medications for PD were significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on PTSD and Depression Symptoms in Trauma-Exposed Black Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Results

Low-income, urban-dwelling Black adults are disproportionately affected by traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression and encounter inequities in treatment access. In addition to the benefits Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for depression, there is preliminary evidence of successful symptom reduction in PTSD via MBCT across two prior pilot studies in veterans. Studies examining the effects of MBCT among trauma-exposed Black adults remains limited, and examination of effects across specific PTSD clusters is almost nonexistent. We examined the preliminary efficacy of adapted MBCT versus waitlist control (WLC) on PTSD and depression symptoms in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Black adults (N = 80; 86.10% women) with repeated trauma exposure, who screened positive for PTSD and depression, were recruited from an urban public hospital and randomized to 8-week adapted MBCT or WLC. Symptoms were measured pretreatment and posttreatment with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Mixed model analyses were conducted with an intent-to-treat approach, examining change in PTSD and depression scores between MBCT and WLC over time. There was no significant difference in total PTSD and depression symptom change between MBCT and WLC. CAPS-5 avoidance symptoms showed a nominally significant decrease in the MBCT group (F[1, 68.10] = 5.98, p =.017; t[71.60] = 3.61, p <.001). Findings suggest MBCT might be helpful for addressing avoidance symptoms among Black adults with comorbid PTSD and depression. Although lacking power to draw final conclusions about treatment efficacy, this study provides preliminary data suggesting the importance of future fully powered trials.

Efficacy of brief cognitive behavior therapy in improving symptoms, functioning, and adherence to treatment in patients with bipolar disorder in remission: A randomized control study

Background: Residual symptoms in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission are common, and they contribute to significant functional impairment and distress. The incomplete efficacy of pharmacological treatments and improvements in psychotherapeutic approaches has led to renewed interest in psychotherapy for this disorder. However, there are fewer studies addressing the same. Aim: The study aims to examine brief CBT (cognitive behavior therapy) in addressing the residual symptoms in BD. Method: A two-group randomized control design with multiple assessments (pre, post, and 3-month follow-up) was adopted. The sample consisted of 30 patients each in the intervention and Treatment As Usual (TAU) groups selected from the outpatient services of a tertiary mental health hospital. The variables studied were interepisodic symtpoms, functioning, and adherence to treatment using the tools of Beck Depression Inventory-II, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group received a brief integrated CBT of 8–10 sessions conducted weekly over 2–3 months. The TAU group received treatment as usual and brief weekly telephonic contact. Results: A significant difference was seen across the time points between the groups on all the variables. Significant changes in within group scores was noted in the intervention group on depressive and anxiety symptoms, medication adherence, and dysfunctional attitudes compared to the TAU group. However, there was no significant change in the functioning in both the groups. Larger within group effect sizes for anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes and emotion regulation, medium effect sizes for depression, and quality of life and small effect sizes for manic symptoms and medication adherence were found in the intervention group. Depression severity had a significant moderating effect on therapy outcomes. Conclusion: The study shows effectiveness of brief CBT in reducing residual symptoms in the patients with BD. A longer-term follow-up would validate the findings.

Improvement of fatigue, depression, and processing speed two weeks post Natalizumab infusion in Multiple Sclerosis: No difference between standard and extended interval dosing schedules

BackgroundFatigue, depression and slow processing speed are debilitating symptoms in people with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) that significantly impacts on the quality of life. Natalizumab, a disease-modifying treatment, improves clinical symptoms but questions remain about the comparative efficacy between its standard interval dosing (SID) and extended interval dosing (EID) schedules. ObjectiveTo examine the impact of short term natalizumab dosing schedules—SID versus EID—on the so called “invisible symptoms”, specifically focusing on symptom exacerbation during the 'wearing-off' phase before infusion and the subsequent relief post-infusion. MethodsForty-two RRMS patients were assessed one week before (T0) and two weeks after pre-and post-natalizumab infusion (T1) for fatigue symptoms using the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and the Fatigue Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire–Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (FSIQ-RMS). Processing speed and depression were measured by the symbol digit modality test (SDMT), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Participants were categorized into either the SID or EID dosing schedules of natalizumab, and their outcomes were compared. ResultsForty-two patients (21 SID; 21 EID) completed the study. Fatigue severity scales, SDMT, and BDI-II scores improved from T0 to T1. No significant differences in fatigue symptoms were found between the SID and EID groups, whether during the "wearing-off" period (T0) or post-infusion (T1). ConclusionsBoth SID and EID dosing regimens of natalizumab are similarly effective in reducing fatigue symptoms, depression and improving processing speed in individuals with RRMS, with no observed differences during the "wearing-off" periods or after re-infusion.

Comparative cross-sectional study of comorbid depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and chronic gastritis at an urban outpatient clinic

This comparative cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence of comorbid depression in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and chronic gastritis (CG) at an urban outpatient clinic. A total of 178 patients—89 diagnosed with IBS and 89 with CG—were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-21). Our findings indicate a significantly higher prevalence of depression in IBS patients, with 71.9% meeting criteria for depression based on the BDI-II and 70.8% based on the HDRS-21, compared to 10.1% in CG patients. The study highlights that retardation symptoms, including depressed mood and loss of interest, are central to depression and contribute to substantial impairment in daily activities and quality of life. Additionally, anxiety and somatization were prominent in the IBS cohort. This study emphasizes the need for integrated care approaches that address both gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, fostering improved patient management and outcomes. Our results underscore the importance of regular psychological assessments in IBS patients, particularly those without overt depressive symptoms, to enhance their overall well-being.

Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

The coexistence of depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can significantly worsen disease prognosis and lower quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the progression of T2DM and is closely associated with the development of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cholecalciferol on depression in patients with T2DM, exploring its mechanisms by analyzing its impact on C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 levels. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from April 2021 to September 2022. Patients with T2DM and depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to two groups: received 4000 IU of cholecalciferol daily and received a placebo for 12 weeks. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) before and 12 weeks after the intervention. The levels of C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 were measured at the end of the fourth week of intervention using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Between-group comparisons were made using independent Student t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Paired Student t-tests or Wilcoxon tests were applied for within-group comparisons between pre- and post-intervention. A total of 70 T2DM patients with depression were included in this study, comprising 38 patients in the cholecalciferol group and 32 in the placebo group. C-peptide levels increased significantly in the cholecalciferol group compared to the placebo group (p=0.006). No significant differences were observed in serotonin and NT-3 levels between the cholecalciferol group compared to the placebo group. The cholecalciferol group had a significantly greater reduction in BDI-II scores compared to the placebo group (p&lt;0.001). This trial highlights that taking cholecalciferol might help ease mild to moderate depression symptoms in patients with T2DM by enhancing c-peptide levels, though its effects on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 are still unclear.

Safety and efficacy of sertraline in depression among adults undergoing dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Depression is prevalent among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis, with significant implications for their quality of life and treatment compliance. Traditional treatments for depression, including various therapies and pharmacological interventions, have limitations due to their adverse effects. Sertraline, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), offers a promising alternative, but its efficacy and safety in this population require thorough evaluation. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of sertraline in treating depressive episodes in dialysis patients compared to placebo. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct, up to June 20, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared sertraline with placebo in dialysis patients with depression. Two researchers independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Statistical analysis was conducted using ReviewManager 5.4.1, employing a random effects model. Results: Four RCTs involving 468 participants were included. Sertraline significantly reduced depressive symptoms, as measured by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores, at 6 and 12 weeks compared to placebo. Improvements in kidney disease-specific quality of life (KDQOL-36) scores were also noted. However, sertraline was associated with a higher risk of adverse events compared to placebo. Conclusions: Sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves the quality of life in dialysis patients with ESRD. Despite the increased risk of adverse events, the overall benefits make sertraline a viable treatment option for this population. Larger, more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize sertraline use in clinical practice.

Semantic inhibition impairment in college students with depressive states as evidenced by EEG and pupillometry during the hayling task

In this study we tested whether depression is associated with impaired semantic inhibition, resulting in symptoms of rumination and anhedonia. For this purpose and using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) college students with depressive states (DEP) and matched controls (CTL) performed a Hayling’s task, while EEG and pupillometry measures were recorded. Participants were asked to complete sentential contexts with either a highly associated word (initiation) or a non-related word (inhibition), in response to randomly presented trial-by-trial cues. The DEP group, compared to the CTL group, showed lower performance, and reduced frontal negativity (N450) in inhibition trials. Source analyses revealed greater activation for inhibition trials than for initiation trials in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex for the CTL group, but the difference was reduced and more left lateralized for the DEP group. In addition, the DEP group showed more pupil size reactivity to inhibition trials than the CTL group, indicating higher cognitive effort during semantic inhibition. Finally, self-reported rumination and anhedonia correlated with N450 in inhibition trials, and rumination correlated with pupil dilation. Overall, this research contributes to understanding the neural underpinnings of impaired semantic inhibition in individuals with depression, with potential clinical applications.

The Relationship between Erectile Dysfunction, Self-Esteem, and Depression in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients.

Background: The interplay between the physical and mental health of patients recovering from myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual issue, particularly among patients who have had a myocardial infarction and arterial diseases, and it significantly affects self-esteem and overall psychological well-being. Despite significant advances in cardiac rehabilitation, the psychosocial aspects, especially those related to sexual health, remain underexplored. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between ED, self-esteem, and depression in male patients post-MI, and to assess how ED treatment affects patients' psychological health. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 80 male patients with a confirmed MI within the last six months, aged between 35 and 77 years. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were used to assess psychological well-being, while the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was employed specifically to evaluate ED. Results: This study demonstrates a strong interdependence between mental and physical health in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients, with ED being a key factor affecting self-esteem. There is a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and depression, highlighting the importance of psychological resilience in post-MI rehabilitation. Elevated self-esteem helps mitigate depressive symptoms, contributing to improved mental health and rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusions: Older patients tend to have lower self-esteem, likely due to the presence of multiple comorbidities and a longer, more challenging recovery period post-MI. Age was a significant factor in predicting lower self-esteem, but other demographic characteristics did not have a strong influence on self-esteem, depression, or ED.

Association between personal characteristics and anxiety and burnout in orthopedic residents: a cross-sectional cross-sectional study

ObjectiveBurnout is becoming a major problem in medicine, and some articles have pointed to the link between burnout and anxiety. Several factors can contribute to burnout and anxiety, and recognizing each can improve medical education environments. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between personal characteristics, anxiety and burnout of orthopedic residents.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, the anxiety rate, depression, and burnout were evaluated in 94 orthopedic residents above the second year and orthopedic fellowships in three hospitals. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were used to measure the levels of depression, anxiety, and burnout, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictor variables for burnout.ResultsSevere anxiety and depression were reported in 17% and 12.77% of residents, respectively. The rate of burnout for Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and low sense of Personal Accomplishment (PA) subscales was 18.09%, 28.72%, and 43.62% of people with high levels of burnout, respectively. Multivariate analysis of logistic regression showed that Works > 60 h per week, Anxiety score > 28, Time spent in the hospital > 9 h per Day, Academic year and Experience being abused by the upstream, Balance between work and life, Feeling the need for support from nurses in the hospital were significantly associated with burnout.Conclusionstress and anxiety can be considered a severe factor in burnout; this issue can provide a clear perspective of the psychological cycle that ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the medical system and related services.

Psychometric properties of the revised internalized skin bias questionnaire.

The psychological impacts of skin disease are well documented, with patients reporting increased anxiety, depression and poorer quality of life. More recent studies suggest that adverse psychopathology is associated with re-direction of skin-disease-related social stigma towards oneself or internalized skin bias (ISB). To refine the Internalized Skin Bias Questionnaire (ISBQ) to reflect the construct of ISB with additional skin-specific biases as well as to evaluate its psychometric properties in a diverse sample of individuals with various skin conditions. Two-part observational design including consensus-building surveys among a dermatology expert group and a cross-sectional survey among participants with self-reported dermatological conditions to assess instrument psychometric properties. Eligible participants completed an online survey comprised of the revised ISBQ (ISBQ-R), the Questionnaire on Experiences with Skin Diseases-Short Form (QES-SF), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Burns Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Overall, 33 experts participated including 22 (66.7%) dermatologists or dermatology researchers and 11 (33.3%) patients. Except for three items in the first round, all items received high agreement for inclusion from the expert group. The revised survey was completed by 214 participants who identified mostly as female (n = 185; 86.9%), White (n = 182; 85.5%) and non-Hispanic/Latino (n = 200; 93.4%). Adding and modifying new items resulted in an instrument with stronger internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and a stronger correlation with other existing stigma measures (QES-SF; ρ = 0.72). The ISBQ-R is a modified instrument with stronger internal consistency and a stronger correlation with other existing stigma measures. Additionally, the study further expanded upon previous research by exploring a two-factor structure, suggesting that the ISBQ-R could be used as a single- or a dual-factor instrument depending on investigator goals.

Effectiveness of a peer-to-peer, self-management intervention for young people with depression and anxiety in Denmark: an observational study and a propensity score-matched comparison.

This study investigated the effectiveness of a 7-weeks peer-to-peer program for young people aged 15 to 25 years with depression or anxiety symptoms in Denmark. A total of 483 participants (72% women) participated in the program and the evaluation. The participants completed questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and at 5-month follow-up to assess changes in depression symptoms (using Beck's Depression Inventory-II), anxiety symptoms (using Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults) and self-efficacy in controlling or managing the illness (using the personal control subscale from the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised). Analyses were done using repeated measures mixed linear regression models. Moreover, a register-based matched comparison group was derived as a comparison to assess changes in being in education and employment at 8-month follow-up. Within the intervention group, both depression and anxiety scores declined across the 5-month follow-up compared to baseline (b = -9.6, 95% CI: -11.2, -8.1 for depression symptoms). The self-efficacy score increased from baseline to post-intervention (b = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.8) and this level was maintained at follow-up. More than half of the participants were in education at baseline while 24% received social transfer payments. Compared with matched comparison group, a lower proportion of the intervention group remaining in education (71% vs. 80%). Among participants who were employed at baseline, a higher proportion of the intervention group were enrolled in education (27% vs. 19%) and were unemployed (14% vs. 4%) compared to the matched comparison group. This study supports the effectiveness of a peer-to-peer intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms, and self-efficacy in symptom control. However, mixed effects on education and employment were observed, indicating a negative impact on education among those initially enrolled and a higher proportion of employed participants starting education.

Accelerating depression intervention: identifying critical psychological factors using MCDM-MOORA technique for early therapy initiation

BackgroundA thorough psychosocial assessment is time-consuming, often requiring multiple sessions to uncover the psychological factors contributing to mental illness, such as depression. The duration varies depending on the severity of the patient’s condition and how effectively the psychotherapist can establish rapport. However, prolonged assessment periods pose a significant risk of patient deterioration.MethodsThe comprehensive psychosocial intervention, led by the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach utilizing the Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method, played a pivotal role in identifying the key psychological factors contributing to the depression of the client among the 21 factors specified by BDI-II analysis.ResultsThe integration of the MOORA strategy compared to traditional psychotherapy on 254 samples demonstrates a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0.8, with a minimum error margin of 7% (vulnerability index = 0.57), indicating a significant agreement between the two approaches, both converging towards a similar solution. For patients with extreme depression, the number of sessions reduced from 18 ± 2 to 11 ± 2, showing a 33–35% reduction (χ2 = 6.94, p = 0.008). Severe depression patients experienced a reduction from 14 ± 2 to 8 ± 1 sessions i.e., 34–39% reduction (χ2 = 8.32, p = 0.004). Moderate depression patients saw sessions drop from 9 ± 1 to 5 ± 1, i.e., 37–43% reduction (χ2 = 0.29, p = 0.001). The accuracy for detecting dominant psychological factors improved to 82.88% for extreme, 86.74% for severe, and 90.34% for moderate depression, respectively. ConclusionThe implementation of MOORA facilitated the identification and prioritization of key psychosocial intervention strategies, making the process significantly faster compared to traditional methods. This acceleration greatly enhanced the precision and efficacy of the work. Additionally, critical vulnerable factors were identified through ordered statistics and correlation analysis [Pearson (r) = 0.8929 and Spearman’s rank (ρ) = 0.7551] on the Beck Depression Inventory-II model. These findings were supported by other MCDM schemes such as EDAS and TOPSIS, demonstrating high stability and robustness in dynamic decision-making environments, maintaining consistency across scenarios adapted by different psychotherapists. Overall, the combined application of MCDM (MOORA) and targeted psychological interventions yielded substantial positive outcomes in enhancing the well-being of individuals with psychological illnesses, such as depression, cognitive, affective, and somatic syndromes.