Beck Scale For Suicide Ideation Research Articles

Early life stress unravels epistatic genetic associations of cortisol pathway genes with depression

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents one of the most consistent pathophysiological findings in depressive disorders. Cortisol signaling is affected by proteins that mediate its cellular responses or alters its availability to mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. In our study, we evaluated candidate genes that may influence the risk for depression and suicide due to its involvement in cortisol signaling. The aim of the study was to assess whether the genotypes of these genes are associated with the risk for depression, severity of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. And whether there is interaction between genes and early-life stress. In this study, 100 healthy controls and 140 individuals with depression were included. The subjects were clinically assessed using the 21-item GRID-Hamilton questionnaires (GRID-HAMD-21), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). A robust multifactorial dimensionality reduction analysis was used to characterize the interactions between the genes HSD11B1, NR3C1, NR3C2, and MDR1 and early-life stress. It was found a significant association of the heterozygous genotype of the MDR1 gene rs1128503 polymorphism with reduced risk of at least one suicide attempt (OR: 0.08, p = 0.003*) and a reduction in the number of suicide attempts (β = −0.79, p = 0.006*). Furthermore, it was found that the MDR1 rs1228503 and NR3C2 rs2070951 genes interact with early-life stress resulting in a strong association with depression (p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the MDR1 and NR3C2 genes and their interaction with childhood trauma may be important biomarkers for depression and suicidal behaviors.

The effect of cognitive impairment based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) on suicidal tendency in patients with schizophrenia: A large cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe effect of cognitive function on suicidal tendency in patients with schizophrenia is still inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the effect of cognitive impairment on suicidal tendency in schizophrenia patients and the risk factors of suicidal tendency in schizophrenia patients with cognitive impairment. MethodsA total of 988 subjects were recruited for this study and finally 517 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Sociodemographic information was collected for each subject. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess patients' cognitive functioning. In addition, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) were used to assess psychotic symptoms, severity of insomnia, and intensity of suicidal ideation, respectively. ResultsSchizophrenia patients with cognitive dysfunction were significantly less likely to develop suicidal tendencies than those without cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.05, OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.39–0.81). In patients with cognitive impairment, those with suicidal tendency had substantially higher scores on BSI, ISI, EC, PD, IRI, F1, and PANSS positive subscale, and took more types of antipsychotic drugs than those without suicidal tendency (all P < 0.05), and the results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that, PANSS positive subscale score (B = 0.06, p = 0.04, OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00–1.13) was a risk factor for suicidal tendencies. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that schizophrenia patients with cognitive dysfunction are significantly less likely to develop suicidal tendencies. Moreover, positive symptom is a risk factor for suicidal tendencies in schizophrenia patients with cognitive dysfunction.

Inhibition and Activation Systems of Behavior and Suicide Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Objective: This study aimed to predict suicide attempts based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS) with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies among adolescents of Abyek City. Materials and methods: The research methodology was descriptive-correlational. The cluster sampling method was used, and the resulting sample included 194 adolescents who responded to the BAS/BIS questionnaire (Carver &amp; White, 1994), CER questionnaire, and Beck scale for suicide ideation. Path analysis was employed to evaluate the proposed model using AMOS 24.0 and SPSS 27 softwares. Results: The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data well. The results of path analysis showed that the BAS/BIS systems explain 27% of the variance of maladaptive CER and 61% of the variance of adaptive CER. In addition, maladaptive CER, BAS, and BIS explain 65% of the variance of suicide attempts. Conclusion: Low levels of BAS, high levels of BIS, and the use of maladaptive CER skills can be considered risk factors for suicide attempts in adolescents.

Can neurocognition, brain neurotrophic factor, triglyceride, and total cholesterol predict suicidal ideation in first-episode Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia?

Previous studies have suggested that the suicide rate of patients with schizophrenia is high. This study investigates factors influencing suicidal ideation in first-episode schizophrenia patients, focusing on cognitive function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. A total of 123 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls were included in the study. The patients were divided into suicidal and nonsuicidal ideation groups based on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and they were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) and the serum BDNF, TG, and TC were detected. The main statistical methods include t-test, χ2 test, multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the DeLong test. 26.02% of patients exhibited suicidal ideation. Higher PANSS and TC levels were risk factors, while higher MCCB scores and BDNF levels were protective factors. ROC analysis indicated AUCs of 0.630, 0.724, and 0.762 for serum BDNF, PANSS, and MCCB, respectively, with a combined AUC of 0.870. Serum BDNF level, PANSS score, and MCCB score can be used as auxiliary predictors of suicidal ideation in schizophrenic patients. Combining these three indicators can effectively predict suicidal ideation in schizophrenic patients.

Suicidal Tendency and Impulsivity and Integrative Self-knowledge Among the Adult Population

Background: According to the World Health Organization, almost half of violent deaths globally are due to suicide. Development in effective prevention of suicide requires a better understanding of the potential processes underlying suicidal ideation and behavior. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between impulsivity with integrative self-knowledge and suicidal ideation in the adult population of Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 422 adults aged 20 years and older. The Beck scale for suicidal ideation, Barrat impulsiveness, and integrative self-knowledge scales were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The results showed that impulsivity had a direct and significant relationship with a suicidal tendency. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis, the impulsivity variable explained 0.03% of the suicidal ideation variance, and self-knowledge could explain 0.11% of the suicidal tendency variance. Conclusions: In general, the obtained findings are consistent with the theory that impulsivity as a risk factor and cohesive self-awareness as a protective factor are associated with suicidal ideation and can be used as a step forward in finding useful solutions to prevent suicide. It is suggested that the results be evaluated prospectively in larger samples with a higher risk of suicide.

Alexithymia and Suicidal Ideation in Iranian Patients With Psoriasis

Background: Evidence highlighted the high prevalence of some mental problems among individuals with psoriasis, including alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the prevalence and comorbidity of alexithymia and suicidal ideation in individuals with psoriasis in Iran. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with psoriasis referred to Razi Dermatology Clinic and Beesat Clinic of hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, in 2020. Psoriasis was diagnosed by a dermatologist, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded. The Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) and the Beck scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI) were used to assess alexithymia and suicidal thoughts. Results: The mean age of patients was 37.56±10.58 years, and 51% were female. Among patients, 52% had alexithymia, 23% were at high risk of suicide, and 6% were at very high risk of suicide. The moderate severity of psoriasis had a significant association with suicidal thoughts (P&lt;0.05). The TAS-20 score had a significant association with the male gender and younger age, and the BSSI score had a significant association with the psoriasis area (P=0.003). The highest score of BSSI was seen in those with psoriasis in the face and limb/trunk (10±4.36 and 8.56±8.52, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis exhibit a significant prevalence of alexithymia and suicidal thoughts. Additionally, younger age and male gender were identified as factors associated with alexithymia in this population.

The reliability of a short scale PHQ-2 for screening depression among Pakistani medical students.

Objective: To investigate the reliability of a short scale i.e: PHQ-2 in medical students. Study Design: Cross-sectional Descriptive. Setting: Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. Period: 25-10-23 to 25-11-23. Methods: 159 Pakistani medical college students were selected through convenience sampling technique. Participants completed two scales, namely the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSSI). The collected data from both scales were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The analysis included assessing the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) scores and its items in comparison with the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSSI). Results: The average PHQ-2 score observed was (2.14 ± 1.69 standard deviation). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was (α = 0.72), indicating a high level of PHQ-2 internal items consistency. PHQ-2 showed a significant correlation with the Beck Suicide Ideation (BSSI) at (r=.48), indicating good construct reliability. Conclusion: The PHQ-2 scale appeared as a reliable scale for screening depression and it can be used for assessing depression and suicidal ideations in academic settings of Pakistan. However, its complementation with PHQ-9 is recommended for clinical use.

IJCM_334A: The struggle within: suicidal ideation and its risk factors among the undergraduate medical students

Background: Suicide is one of the top three causes of death among the adults worldwide, which is increasingly seen among students. Medical education is often considered highly stressful, in addition to the usual psychological issues in the youth. Mental health issue is a subject of taboo even among the medical students leading to non-help seeking behaviour. Studies report a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students in India, ranging from 1.8% to 53.6%. Objectives: 1. To assess the prevalence of ‘suicidal ideation’ and associated risk factors among undergraduate medical students Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Phase 2 and 3 undergraduate students of a government medical college after taking IEC approval. Information on socio demographic details along with known risk factors was obtained. Beck scale for suicide ideation was used for screening and assessment of suicidal ideation. Data was analysed as proportions and percentages and chi square was applied to test the significance of association. Results: Out of the total 192 participants 118 (61.4%) were boys and 74 (38.6%) were girls. History of mental illness was present among 33 (16.6%) students. Fourteen students (7.2%) had high BSS score on screening. Within this subgroup of students reporting suicide ideation (n=14), 9 students (69.2%) had seriously contemplated suicide, while 2 students (15.3%) had attempted suicide at least once in their life time. Students who had previous history of mental illness showed higher prevalence of suicide ideation which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). However, no significant associations were identified between gender of the student, mother’s occupation, or a history of mental illness among family members and suicide ideation among the medical students. Conclusion: Medical students need to be assessed for their mental health and appropriate care and support should be provided to the needy to prevent fatal outcomes among them.

Gender Differences in Suicidal Ideation during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Iranian Adolescents and its Contributing Factors

Objective Suicidal thoughts in adolescents are common. The COVID-19 pandemic may have further led to an increase. This cross-sectional random sample “online” survey study was conducted in 2021 on 703 adolescents in Iran using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Univariate, bivariate, and multinomial regression analysis, and Odds Ratio (OR) were reported. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation in this sample was 28% and with higher rates in female participants (p = 0.01). It was more prevalent in 16 to 21 years old participants than adolescents with age of 16 and lower. Participants who were academically successful had less suicidal thoughts. Discussion Considering the high rate of suicidal ideation among adolescents, it is an emergency that requires effective intervention.

The effect of the Yara smartphone application on anxiety, sleep quality, and suicidal thoughts in patients with major depressive disorder in Iran: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDepression is one of the most common mental disorders that leads to anxiety, sleep disturbances, and suicidal thoughts. Due to the high cost of treatment and the reluctance of many patients to seek medical help, major depressive disorder (MDD) is becoming more prevalent. Therefore, alternative methods like smartphone applications can help prevent and improve depression symptoms. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the newly developed Yara smartphone application on anxiety, sleep quality, and suicidal thoughts in patients with MDD.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design was conducted on Iranian patients with MDD in 2022. Sixty-four patients were recruited using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two control and intervention groups. The intervention was conducted using the Yara smartphone application for three months. Data were collected using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). Data were first entered into IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) and then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of anxiety and sleep quality between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (p ≥ .05). However, this difference in the mean score of anxiety and sleep quality was statistically significant in the two groups after the intervention (p < .05). The results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean score of suicidal thoughts between the two groups before and after the intervention (p ≥ .05). The use of the Yara smartphone application had a significant positive effect on anxiety and sleep quality in depressed patients (p < .001). At the same time, it had no significant effect on suicidal thoughts (p ≥ .05).ConclusionConsidering the positive effect of using the Yara smartphone application on reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality in depressed patients, this application can help alleviate the problems of depressed patients alongside existing treatment methods. Thus, this application is recommended for this group of patients in psychiatric clinics and departments. The Yara application's effectiveness was not approved on suicidal thoughts in this study so that further investigation would be necessary.Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trial approval code (IRCT# IRCT20131112015390N7).

Factors associated with suicidal ideation among medical residents in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentric cross-sectional survey.

The mental health of medical residents, challenged by their intensive training, is of utmost concern. In light of reported suicides among Iranian medical residents in 2021, this study investigates the factors behind suicidal ideation among medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran. This study conducted a cross-sectional online survey among medical residents in various specialties in Tehran, Iran, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), while depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the DASS-21. It also collected demographic and clinical data from the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression to examine the prevalence and determinants of suicidal ideation among medical residents. The study enrolled 353 medical residents and found that 34.3% of them had suicidal ideation, with 10.2% indicating a high risk. The study also found high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the participants. The variables that significantly predicted suicidal ideation were depression, history of alcohol/substance use, personal history of suicide attempts, history of self-mutilation, family history of suicide attempts, number of shifts in a month, death of close persons because of COVID-19, and income. Depression was the strongest predictor of suicidal ideation. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective interventions and support systems to address the mental health needs of medical residents in Iran. The strategies should prioritize destigmatizing mental health, promoting access to mental health services, fostering a supportive training environment, and enhancing income opportunities.

Associations of rumination with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts amongst individuals with major depressive disorder: A 12-month longitudinal study in China

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations of rumination with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). MethodsParticipants were derived from the Depression Cohort in China study (DCC). Those who completed at least one follow-up visit during the 12 months were included in the analysis. Dimensions of rumination including brooding and reflection were each measured using five items of the Ruminative Responses Scale. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Suicide attempts were also assessed and all were analyzed with generalized estimating equations. ResultsOur final sample included 532 participants aged 18 to 59 years (mean [SD], 26.91 [6.94] years) consisting of 148 (27.8%) males and 384 (72.2%) females. After adjusting for temporal trend and potential confounders, individuals with higher levels of reflection were more likely to report suicidal ideation (AOR =1.11, 95% CI:1.01–1.22). However, no statistically significant association was found between brooding and suicidal ideation (AOR =1.06, 95% CI:0.96–1.17). Conversely, individuals with higher levels of brooding were more likely to report suicide attempts (AOR =1.13, 95% CI:1.02–1.24), while no statistically significant association was observed between reflection and suicide attempts (AOR =0.91, 95% CI:0.82–1.01). ConclusionRumination reflects a disturbance in cognitive emotional processing and manifests in different dimensions. Our findings suggest that high levels of reflection and brooding may be associated with a higher likelihood of having suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, respectively. However, it should be interpreted with caution, given that effect sizes are small.

Suicidal ideation amongst medical students in Shiraz, South of Iran: a cross-sectional study

Suicide is a preventable act, but irreversible once committed; Hundreds of thousands of people commit suicide annually around the globe. One of the groups at high risk of suicide is medical students. Suicidal ideation (SI) is a forerunner to suicidal attempts which could be assessed. Since there are not enough data about this issue among Iranian medical students, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of SI and risk factors among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) undergraduate medical students. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 in the medical school of SUMS. Students willing to participate were recruited by stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire along with Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were carried out using BlueSky software. The study identified that 76 out of 308 attendees (24.7%, 95% CI: 19.9%-29.5%) reported experiencing suicidal ideation. Very severe depression [AOR= 26.705, 95% CI: (8.825 – 91.046)], Severe depression [AOR= 17.142, 95% CI: (5.567 – 58.121)], positive family history of psychiatric disorders [AOR= 4.181, 95% CI: (1.773 – 10.014)], comorbid mental illness [AOR= 2.502, 95% CI: (1.123 – 5.553)], were found to be statistically related to having SI. This study showed that one out of every four undergraduate medical students at SUMS has SI, which warns everyone to plan and act to prevent the loss of more lives. Depression, family history of psychiatric disorders, and comorbid mental diseases were found to be strongly associated with SI.

Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the Orbach Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-8 in a Clinical Population.

Suicide is a growing public health issue for all societies; identifying suicide risk is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-8 (OMMP-8), which enables the assessment of suicidality in a short time. We conducted this study with 148 individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 130 healthy controls. We administered the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSIS), and Mee Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale (MBPPAS) to all participants. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.96, 0.97, and 0.98 for Factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 0.92 for the entire scale. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) proved the 3-factor structure of the scale. The OMMP-8 total score and HDRS (r = 0.851), BSIS (r = 0.836), BHS (r = 0.825), and MBPPAS (r = 0.881) total scores were statistically significantly correlated, indicating convergent and concurrent validity of the scale. The scale successfully discriminated between depression and control groups (89.6%) and participants with and without suicide attempts in the depression group (82.4%). This study demonstrates that the Turkish version of the OMMP-8 scale is valid and reliable for both individuals with depression and healthy controls and can be used in studies investigating suicide risk.

Sex differences in serum trace elements and minerals levels in unmedicated patients with major depressive episode: The role of suicidal ideation

BackgroundWe aimed to examine the influence of gender on serum trace elements and minerals levels in depression, as well as the impact of suicidal ideation (SI) on these gender dimorphisms. MethodsA total of 260 unmedicated patients with a current major depressive episode were enrolled. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was utilized to evaluate SI. The serum levels of copper, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were quantified. ResultsWithin the non-SI (NSI) group, females exhibited higher levels of copper (p = 0.001) and phosphorus (p = 0.008), and lower levels of zinc (p = 0.022) and calcium (p = 0.008) compared to males. Conversely, no discernible gender disparities were observed in the SI group (all p > 0.05). Also, no group differences in these trace elements/minerals were observed between the SI and NSI groups (all p > 0.05). Notably, serum iron levels exhibited a significant group-by-sex interaction effect (p = 0.024). Further analysis revealed that iron levels were higher in the SI group than in the NSI group among females (p = 0.048), but lower in females than in males within the NSI group (p < 0.001). Moreover, a positive association between the fourth quantile of serum iron and SI was detected in females (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–8.11). ConclusionsGender effects on serum trace element/mineral levels were different in depressed patients with and without SI. Female patients were susceptible to SI when serum iron was at the upper end of normal.

Suicide ideation and male-female differences in major depressive disorder

Objective This study aimed to explore male-female differences in suicide ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors in major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We analysed 482 adults (sample 1) and 438 elderly outpatients (sample 2) with MDD. Sample 1 was treated with different antidepressant combinations (escitalopram; bupropion plus escitalopram; venlafaxine plus mirtazapine) and assessed by means of the Concise Health Risk Tracking (SI), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Altman Mania Rating Scale and Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Sample 2 was treated with venlafaxine and assessed using the Hamilton scale for depression, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and Penn State Worry Questionnaire for anxiety, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Results In sample 1, females had greater depression severity (O.R 0.961 99%CI: 0.929 − 0.995), males reported more alcohol abuse (O.R 1.299 99%CI: 1.118 − 1.509) and active SI (O.R 1.109 99%CI: 1.005 − 1.255). In sample 2 men showed more severe SI (O.R 1.067; 99%CI: 1.014 − 1.122) and weight loss (OR = 5.89 99%CI: 1.01 − 34.19), women more gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions In these selected samples, although women had more severe depression, men had more suicide risk factors. Such differences might contribute to men’s increased suicide risk.

Sleep Quality and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Depression: A Chain Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support and Resilience.

The prevalence of suicide is high among major depressive adolescents. Poor sleep quality has been documented as a significant risk factor for suicide, influencing perceived social support. Enhanced social support acts as a buffer against suicidal ideation and positively impacts resilience, reducing the prevalence of suicidal ideation. This reciprocal relationship between sleep quality, social support and resilience forms the basis for understanding the mechanisms contributing to suicidal ideation in major depressive adolescents. A total of 585 major depressive adolescents aged 11 to 24 years was conducted to explore these associations. Assessments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Pearson correlation and Model 6 in the SPSS program were employed for chain mediating tests. Better sleep quality positively predicted decreased suicide ideation (β = 0.207, p < 0.01) and predicted lower perceived social support (β = -0.226, p < 0.01) and resilience (β = -0.355, p < 0.01). Perceived social support positively predicted increased resilience (β = 0.422, p < 0.01) and negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = -0.288, p < 0.01). Resilience negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = -0.187, p < 0.01). Sleep quality indirectly predicted suicide ideation through perceived social support and resilience, with a mediation value of 0.0678 (95% CI [0.0359, 0.1060]), constituting 10.65% of the total effect. This study establishes that sleep quality indirectly predicts suicide ideation in major depressive adolescents, mediated independently by perceived social support and resilience.

The Relationship between Family Support and Suicide Ideation in College Students

Introduction: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among teenagers and early adults. Suicidal behavior is related to the family support provided. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between family support and suicidal ideation among students at a university in Pekanbaru, Riau. Method: This research uses a descriptive correlation design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 100 respondents taken using the accidental sampling technique. The measuring instruments used were the Perceived Social Support-Family Scale (PSS-Fa) questionnaire for family support and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) for suicidal ideation. Data analysis used the chi-square test. Results: It is known that the majority of respondents have family support in the good and sufficient categories with the same number, namely 39 respondents (39.0%). For the variable suicidal ideation, the majority of respondents were in the low risk category totaling 52 respondents (52.0%), while the remainder were in the high risk category totaling 28 respondents (28.0%) and very high risk totaling 20 respondents (20 .0%). The results of statistical tests show that there is a relationship between family support and suicidal ideation in students (p value 0.021 α 0.05). Conclusion: Family support has a significant relationship with suicidal ideation.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of Suicide Attempters: A Tertiary Care Center Study

Abstract Background: Suicide is a primary health concern worldwide, and has a negative impact on the individual, family, and society. The literature suggests that females are more prone to attempt suicide and have more suicidal inclinations; however, males are more serious suicide attempters compared to females. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients admitted to acute care with the current suicide attempt. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, who were medically stable and presented to the emergency or medical wards at the hospital with suicidal attempt, were included in this study. Beck’s Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory–II were administered to assess the current suicidal intent and ideation, depression, and hopelessness. Results: The diagnostic breakup was – 69% mood (affective) disorders, 21% adjustment disorders, 4% schizophrenia, and 6% other disorders. Most suicide attempters were female (66% vs. 34%) and belonged to a younger age group (28.30 ± 10.08 years vs. 34.73 ± 13.97 years) compared to males (P &lt; 0.05). Although both genders displayed high suicide intent, a significant difference in the SIS score was noted between females and males (36.53 ± 7.68 vs. 41.47 ± 8.82; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in the clinical and demographic profile among male and female suicide attempters. Hence, appropriate interventions can be devised to prevent the future suicide attempts as per the demographic and clinical characteristics specific to the study population.

Mental pain as a mediator in the association between avoidant attachment and suicidal ideation among older men

Objectives In the present study, our aim was to deepen the understanding of suicidality in older men by adopting a biopsychosocial approach. The study focused on older men as they face an elevated risk of suicide, surpassing not only other age groups but also exhibiting higher rates compared to women. We examined the contribution of mental pain as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation among older men, taking into consideration the severity of their physical illnesses. Methods Participants were 200 men in Israel, aged ≥65 years, living in the community and without cognitive impairment. Data collection was based on self-report measures of suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, BSSI), attachment (Experience in Close Relationships, ECR-R), mental pain (Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale, OMMP), and the severity of physical illnesses (Cumulative Illnesses Rating Scale, CIRS). Results Mental pain was found to mediate the association between attachment avoidance and suicidal ideation, but only among participants with higher levels of physical illnesses. Conclusions Mental pain should be considered as a complication of an avoidant coping strategy, which increases the risk of suicide among older men, especially those suffering from significant physical illnesses. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.