Canons Of Beauty Research Articles

Temat mody w prozie emigracyjnej Nadieżdy Teffi

The author focuses on the topic of fashion in Nadezhda Teffi’s work, a Russian writer who spent over thirty years in exile in France. An attempt to determine the function of “fashionable things” and the importance of fashion in constructing the presented world was made based on the analysis of short stories, tales and columns collected in emigration collections published from 1920–1952. Teffi's “costume code” includes all categories of clothing, footwear, accessories and jewellery that give an idea of the typical children's, men's and women's fashion of the last century. Clothing details play an important role in the structure of the presented world, fulfilling numerous functions: characterological, psychological and symbolic. Based on Teffi's texts, we can conclude what was considered particularly fashionable at that time, and also study the canons of beauty. Fashionable accessories, as an important part of the objective world of the writer's emigrant prose, are an integral part of expressing the characters’ individuality, indicating their origin, gender, and age, as well as their internal experiences and emotional state. At the same time, it also describes the cultural and historical background.

Trenzando desde Esmeraldas a Cuenca

The objective of this work is to "braid" the relationship of Ecuadorians with their hair, taking into account intersectionality, that is, triple discrimination by gender, "race" and class. A conception in which the cultural industries play a decisive role, which reproduce the hegemonic discourse, the one promoted by power, in this case at the aesthetic level. We have used ethnography, specifically life history as a research technique. Starting from anthropology, we will analyze the conception of hair that is held from the margins, both on the coast and in the highlands of Ecuador, so interculturality has been key in this research. Hence, through braiding we have connected Esmeraldas, a coastal city, with Cuenca, in the case of the Sierra. The first is because there is a majority black population whose aesthetics in general, and hair in particular, do not correspond to the established canon of beauty, with braiding having great prominence. The same thing happens in Cuenca, where part of the population is of Cañari origin, and men belonging to this ethnic group wear their hair long, tied back in a braid, which does not conform to the conventional aesthetics of the male gender existing in the heteropatriarchal system. Through this study we will establish an intercultural dialogue between both groups, which have historically been discriminated against, so we will also address the role that State policies have played in this regard.

Literary approaches to the theory of thinness aesthetics

In this research we will address the negative view of female beauty canons. In addition, we will study what Bourdieu call the ‘paradox of the doxa’ and Barthes' notion of second-level meaning, which apparently contribute to sustaining the tyranny of female beauty. In contrast, we will delve into Lipovetsky's theory of the aesthetics of thinness, which considers thinness a symbol of self-control, success and self-management. In other words, thinness would translate the feminine desire for emancipation and equality. Thus, we will start from this theory to analyze some works by Najat El Hachmi, a hybrid and "atravesada" author, which will allow us to analyze the different conceptions of thinness in two cultures.

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Is the Whitest of All? Racial Biases in Social Media Beauty Filters

Digital beauty filters are pervasive in social media platforms. Despite their popularity and relevance in the selfies culture, there is little research on their characteristics and potential biases. In this article, we study the existence of racial biases on the set of aesthetic canons embedded in social media beauty filters, which we refer to as the Beautyverse. First, we provide a historic contextualization of racial biases in beauty practices, followed by an extensive empirical study of racial biases in beauty filters through state-of-the-art face processing algorithms. We show that beauty filters embed Eurocentric or white canons of beauty, not only by brightening the skin color, but also by modifying facial features.

Geometrías en el arte: la divina proporción y la proporción cordobesa

Since Euclid, it has been contemplated that the average and extreme ratio, known as the golden ratio or divine proportion according to Luca Pacioli, is the ultimate canon of beauty. Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to support this thesis. However, in the latter half of the 20th century, a new study emerged to confirm that in the city of Córdoba, a previously unknown proportion dominated, which had not been studied in either art or architecture. Rafael de la Hoz, the architect responsible for this discovery, referred to it as the Cordovan proportion or Human Proportion. Once discovered, it became evident that it was not a peculiarity unique to this Andalusian city, but rather, a canon of beauty that has been used on numerous occasions, albeit not explicitly acknowledged as such.

Nutritional, anthropometric characteristics and the probability of suffering disorders of eating behavior in classical dancers in four academies of the central department

Background: Eating behavior disorders (EDs) are mental health disorders characterized by pathological behavior towards food intake and an obsession with weight control, accompanied by distortion of the perception of body image. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out, which included 4 classical dance academies in the Central department, specifically classical dance dancers within the age range 12 to 18 years, whose parents signed an informed consent. Poorly completed surveys and male dancers were excluded. Sociodemographic data, eating and anthropometric characteristics, and the probability of having eating behavior disorders were analyzed using two scales, SCOFF and BULIT. The work regarding the bioethical principles of research to manage the personal data of the participants, only those data strictly necessary to solve the research objectives were taken. A formal letter was provided to the parents to confirm that their daughters could be part of the investigation. The study was presented to the Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Pacifico. Results: Of 91 female classical dancers surveyed, 17 (19 %) were 12 years old; 27 (30 %) are from Academy A; 89 % (n=81) do eat fruit; 86 % (n=78) vegetables; 100 % (n=91) consume meat; dairy products and derivatives 98 % (n=89); legumes it was obtained that 82 % (n=75) consume it; 88 % (n=80) consume sugary drinks; and in terms of the consumption of pure water, 60 % (n=55) make adequate consumption. For the anthropometric data, 43 % (n=39) weigh between 50 and 59.9 kg; 57 % (n=52) measure between 151 and 160 cm, 85 % (n=77) have adequate height, 70 % (n=64) of classical dance students are at risk of suffering behavioral disorders food according to the SCOFF scale; while 99 % (n=90) of the dancers do not present any risk of suffering from Bulimia Nervosa according to the BULIT scale. Conclusion: We conclude that classical dance dancers are likely to suffer from eating disorders, since this population is considered highly exposed, especially in the adolescent stage, since even today there is social pressure on the canon of beauty that they must achieve and sustain to be accepted and included.

Fashion, cinema and marketing: An exploratory study of diversity and stereotyping on the red carpets in US Vogue

ABSTRACT Research on race and gender stereotypes in the field of cinema and fashion highlights the dysfunction of the social discourse of inclusivity and diversity. The international Red Carpet events continue to reproduce a model of femininity and masculinity according to the traditional canon of beauty, but specialized fashion magazines show a certain tendency to change, that reopen the debate about their role in equality. The symbiosis of both scenarios requires knowing what are the beauty codes and gender stereotypes that identify movie stars in the red carpets and checking to what extent fashion magazines evolve and conveys the message of inclusiveness. The coverage of US Vogue of four red carpets is analysed with the content analysis methodology and then interpreted by a panel of experts. The results show the presence of a stereotyped image of beauty, with the influence and marketing of luxury brands and celebrities, as well as the primacy and continuity of a canon traditional gender binary that identifies women’s fashion magazines. It remains to be seen if, in future red carpets, a more defined trend towards diversity is glimpsed, which also favours a change in strategy in the communication of brands and fashion magazines.

3D Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation: Based on the Structured Light

The 3D quantitative analysis of facial morphology is of importance in plastic surgery (PS), which could help surgeons design appropriate procedures before conducting the surgery. We propose a system to simulate and guide the shaping effect analysis, which could produce a similar but more harmonious face simulation. To this end, first, the depth camera based on structured light coding is employed for facial 3D data acquisition, from which the point cloud data of multiple facial perspectives could be obtained. Next, the cascade regression tree algorithm is used to extract the esthetic key points of the face model and to calculate the facial features composed of the key points, such as the nose, chin, and eyes. Quantitative facial esthetic indexes are offered to doctors to simulate PS. Afterward, we exploit a face mesh metamorphosis based on finite elements. We design several morphing operators, including augmentation, cutting, and lacerating. Finally, the regional deformation is detected, and the operation effect is quantitatively evaluated by registering the 3D scanning model before and after the operation. The test of our proposed system and the simulation of PS operations find that the measurement error of facial geometric features is 0.458 mm, and the area is 0.65 mm2. The ratings of the simulation outcomes provided by panels of PS prove that the system is effective. The manipulated 3D faces are deemed more beautiful compared to the original faces respecting the beauty canons such as facial symmetry and the golden ratio. The proposed algorithm could generate realistic visual effects of PS simulation. It could thus assist the preoperative planning of facial PS.

Performing an ethos of a dominant Black woman in Paris through body and language: passing at the intersection of race, gender, and class

This article aims to illuminate the social meanings of passing experiences through the practice of whitization (or whitening, i.e. speaking and behaving like a White person) among upper-class African Black women in postcolonial France at the intersection of race, gender, and class. I analyze the role of body and language in the process of political emancipation in a Cameroonian female activist, who is a consultant in the field of African fashion and luxury in Paris. After defining whitization as a form of passing, the article analyzes the phonetic and bodily markers of whitening processes among the Black female subject in three interactions in front of different audiences. I show how multiple semiotic forms are used by the doubly minoritized subject to perform simultaneously a dominant Black woman ethos and a cosmopolitan Black beauty, which partially conforms to Western canons of beauty so as to subvert race, gender, and class power structures.

The medieval skincare routine according to the formulations of Madgistra Trotula and the Medical School of Salerno and its reflection on cosmetology of the third millennium.

Officinal plants, minerals, animal derivatives, and miscellaneous have always been used to treat and improve appearance despite the different aesthetic canons of a specific historical and cultural context. The aim of this work was to make a critical comparison between medieval and modern dermocosmetics analyzing the works of Trotula de Ruggiero, a female doctor of the 11th century teaching and working inside the illustrious "Medical School of Salerno," who devoted particular attention to the promotion of female care, beauty, and well-being. We applied the historical-critical method analyzing the Latin text and the nglish translation of the standardized corpus of the main Trotula medieval manuscript De Ornatu Mulierum with a multidisciplinary scientific approach ranging from botany to pharmaceutical chemistry and technology, pharmacology and pathology. We identified the medicinal plants, derivatives of animal origin and minerals used in the recipes of Trotula, highlighting their biological properties in the light of current scientific knowledge. A critical comparison between medieval and modern dermocosmetics is reported also taking into consideration the chemical, pharmaceutical, and technological literature. Beyond the obvious changes in the paradigms of cosmetology and the different beauty canons of Middle Age with respect to modern times, our results emphasize the attention of Trotula to female care, beauty and well-being as well as the extraordinary combination of tradition and modernity in her work.

Particular Characteristics of Body Identification Practices in Social Networks: National Observation

The purpose of the work is to determine the peculiarities of body identification practices in social networks based on the national experience. The research methodology is based on the application of axiological, comparative analysis, hermeneutic interpretation, and structural and functional methods. The stated methodological instruments allow identifying the influence of consumption culture on the nature and specifics of representation of identification practices in social networks. The scientific novelty lies in theoretical analysis, firstly, of the morphosis of body identification practices in social networks, secondly, of the body deviations in the context of contraposition Me/Other, and thirdly, of up-to-date trends of body practices construction based on acceptance of the own body not depending on any characteristics, peculiarities, beauty canons propagated by the pop culture. Conclusions. The dynamics of changes in body identification practices in social networks are related to the globalization processes, constant acceleration of the “pop culture pulse”, commercialization of values, and society's escape to a virtual world. The body broadcasting on social networks is influenced by the culture of consumption, stereotypes, images, and standards popularized by the mass media. The alternative way of body identification practices is the refusal from the body canons propagated by the pop culture and focus on the inner world of the personality.
 Key words: social media, body identification practices, images, stereotypes, the culture of consumption.

ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE AUSTRIAN EXPRESSIONIST LITERATURE

Anatomical and physiological vocabulary is used in Expressionism for a range of specific artistic purposes. The paper identifies the situations, in which such lexical units are used and analyzes the purpose of their application in the context of Austrian Expressionist literature. Along with references to the most important theoreticians and experimentalists of Austrian Expressionism, the present research is largely based on the prose by Gustav Meyrink (1868-1932). The research demonstrated that the vocabulary of human anatomy and physiology in Meyrink’s prose effectively implements specific Expressionist intentions: (1) anti-aesthetic strategy and revolt against the classical canons of beauty; (2) erosion of the frontiers between the literary discourse and non-textual reality; (3) designing the atmosphere of horror and shocking the burghers; (4) synaesthetic word-formation for the purpose of lexical “condensation” of images; (5) the motif of conflict between the father and the son; (6) development of the grotesque image of the City through the techniques of synecdoche and hyperbole; (7) reconstruction of the divine component that would unify people. In addition to a range of classical Expressionist intentions, Meyrink’s prose also employs the anatomical vocabulary for the manifestation of intellectual sensualism, which is typical of Viennese Expressionism. Thus, the analysis of Gustav Meyrink’s prose demonstrated the author’s deliberate choice of anatomical and physiological terminological units, which gives us ground to conclude that the vocabulary of human anatomy and physiology constitutes an integral part of Expressionism in general, and a significant feature of Austrian Expressionist literature in particular.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRE- AND POSTOPERATIVE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO RHINOPLASTY

Facial anthropometry has an important role in rhinoplasty, as it makes palpable for surgeons the irregularities they deal with, while also assisting in the choice of the tools to correct them. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the pre- and postoperative nasal anthropometric measurements of patients undergoing rhinoplasty in a tertiary hospital (IPO Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil), given that such studies are scarce in the Brazilian population. The evaluation of the nasal measurements was performed via specialized software and compared to classical values from the literature. Except for the nasolabial angle, the remaining values differed from the neoclassical canons of beauty, both pre- and postoperatively.The data corroborated a previous population study from the region, while showing the changes in this population thought to be mostly Caucasian. The postoperative outcome indicates a narrower and shorter nose trend, with a more obtuse nasofrontal angle and nasolabial angle values preserved.

Glosa do Wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego Republiki Kolumbii z dnia 26 kwietnia 2017 r., sygn. akt C-246/17

This paper studies the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Colombia of 26 April 2017 (Case C-246/17) which interpret the capacity of the minor to give informed consent to aesthetic medicine and plastic surgery treatments, as well as participation of such person in campaigns promoting this type of treatments. In this case, the Court first decided that the ban on aesthetic medicine and plastic surgery procedures for minors should not be applied to adolescents over 14 years of age who, due to their level of development, are able to participate together with persons having parental authority in the decision-making about the risks involved in such procedures and are able to consent to the procedure in an informed and qualified manner. The Constitutional Court also finds that the prohibition on participating in campaigns promoting cosmetic medicine clinics and the treatments carried out there, which applies to persons aged between 15 and 18, is a proportionate and effective restriction. In this way, the legislator achieves constitutionally legitimate objectives, i.e. discouraging treatments that may expose the health of a minor to unnecessary risks and reducing gender stereotypes regarding a certain canon of beauty. In assessing this ruling, the article examines the concepts of: “free development of personality”, “right to privacy”, “informed consent to medical treatment” of minors, as well as “legal moralism” and “paternalist measures”. To this end, a dogmatic method was used by reviewing the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Colombia, and the results obtained were presented through a descriptive method. In the conclusions, attention is drawn to the consistent doctrine existing in the Court’s jurisprudence relating to the concepts.

A current look at the factors influencing face variability

The aesthetic perception of a face is multifactorial. The researchers most often focus on its proportions in terms of historical beauty canons, anthropological intercultural gender and race differences, and a multi‑faceted approach to aging, also at the molecular level. This multifaceted nature is the result of both individual and holistic perception of the phenomenon of beauty, which as a visual aspect is susceptible to optical illusions and cultural definition.

Por que se interessar pelo patrimônio esportivo?

The sporting heritage includes buildings, theaters for sporting competitions, and equipment characteristic of each discipline, artistic works having a sport for object, written and published texts, audiovisual but also oral archives testifying to sporting practices and passions. . This very diverse heritage only takes on its full meaning if the elements preserved are placed in their context. The task of bringing together, safeguarding and exhibiting this heritage falls to specialized museums, a key to understanding the division of activities according to gender, the social stratification of tastes, the affirmation of local and regional identities, national (through the fervor aroused by major matches), the way in which our societies deal with the violence of confrontations, the canons of beauty and bodily decorum ... and the cardinal values of modern societies (the spirit of competition, between other).

The Perfect Man: The Ideal Imaginary Beauty of K-pop Idols for Chilean Fans

This paper aims to determine why Chilean fans of K-pop enjoy the incompatible aesthetics of K-pop idols. It will analyze the variation of the ideal of beauty according to socioeconomic level in Chile and fans’ perception of the beauty canons of K-pop. Hypothesizing that the relationship between race (rather skin color) and class in Chile affects K-pop consumption, this study will delve into why the canon of beauty attracts Chilean fans, despite the contrast that exists with the Chilean canon of male beauty. Latin American culture is constituted by sexual roles marked and determined by gender (Cristian Valenzuela 2015); these roles perpetuate male superiority based on the figure of the male. Specifically, the hegemonic masculinity present in the region stands out for having such characteristics as strength, rationality, seriousness, domination, heterosexuality, and sexual activity. Asians are often called Chino, and K-pop fans are considered strange. Though Chileans tend to conflate all Asian pop cultures, they are particularly suspicious of the sexual identity of K-pop fans. Based on a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with sixteen upper-class and twenty middle-lower-class Chileans, this paper investigates how Chilean K-pop fans consume and negotiate with the aesthetics of K-pop in a conservative, European-oriented, oligarchic society.

CRISIS CORPOREIZADAS: NARRATIVAS CULTURALES, REDES SOCIALES ONLINE Y EL SÍNDROME DEL ESPEJO

This article addresses three interrelated phenomena: the irruption of new cultural narratives of power, the role of online social networks in the creation of embodied crises, and the emergence of the Mirror Syndrome as a new computer-mediated medical challenge. In doing so, it exposes the negative consequences that the cultural narratives of beauty canons executed by social media have, above all, for young women’s health.

Disability as a Challenge

Disability is most often associated with suffering, rejection and solitude. Indeed, people affected by physical deficiencies are often marginalised as they do not keep up with what is fashionable, do not fit into the standards of life and the canons of beauty. However, despite prevailing opinions, many have proved through their lives and personal dignity that they are not worse than those considered to be physically fit. In this article, I refer to the biographies of two people with disabilities: Wojciech Chudy and Mother Elizabeth – Rose Czacka. Using the examples of their lives, I describe how the fragile existence of man can become an inspiration for action, a role model and a source of reflection on our own life.

Anorexia Nervosa as a Manifestation of Self-Destructive Tendencies in the Light of Selected Psychodynamic Concepts – Towards the Promotion of Knowledge among Parents and Caregivers

SummaryAnorexia nervosa, which is one of the forms of eating disorders, can be considered as a manifestation of a long and very complex process of self-destruction. Although its genesis is usually associated with puberty problems, it is rarely a rapid phenomenon. It should be treated rather as a kind of epilogue of one’s personal history. Malnutrition and weight control appearing in its context are in fact a manifestation of an attempt to cope with the hardships experienced by individual. Therefore, the anorexia nervosa is not just a problem of weight or eating habits, but it’s a way of manifesting the internal problem of the individual. Its form, defined by the otherwise valid canons of beauty or success, and consolidated by behaviours learned during the use of slimming diets, is revealed, however, in connection with specific personality traits. That is why the importance of people with this disorder, to a large extent, of tendencies to self-destructive behaviour, leading more or less consciously to self-destruction and in extreme cases to death, is emphasized.The article deals with the problem of anorexia nervosa as a manifestation of self-destructive tendencies and the issue of factors and mechanisms conditioning the occurrence of self-destructive behaviour from the perspective of selected psychodynamic concepts, indicating the importance of the issue for the care and educational processes.