Bearing Capacity Of Wall Research Articles

Bending Performance of Concrete Sandwich Walls with Actual Boundary Conditions

Concrete sandwich walls are commonly used as the exterior wall panels of a structure, in which the wall suffers out-of-plane bending under strong wind conditions. This paper aims to investigate the bending performance of concrete sandwich walls under actual boundary conditions through experimental and analytical methods. In total, four concrete sandwich walls were tested to detect the influence of openings and loading direction. Typical failure patterns were characterized and discussed. The load-displacement curves of four test specimens were analyzed. It was indicated that the bearing capacity of the walls under negative bending conditions was higher than that under positive bending conditions, owing to the additional constraints provided by the steel beams. Strain distributions of wall specimens were also discussed in order to obtain the composite action of the sandwich walls between the upper and lower layers of concrete. In addition, the finite element model (FEM) was developed by ABAQUS to provide insights into the bending performance of the sandwich walls. Through comparison with the test results, the FEM was verified with a good level of accuracy. Subsequently, the degree of composite action of the sandwich walls was assessed in terms of both the moment of inertia and bearing capacity. From the experimental and numerical results, it demonstrated that the bearing capacity of concrete sandwiched wall under negative direction was higher than that under positive direction owing to the constraints of steel beam. The derived composite action degree could be employed to evaluate the out-plane bending stiffness and strength of sandwiched concrete wall. Both the experimental and analytical results in this paper are beneficial for the design of sandwich walls under bending conditions.

An experimental study of the bearing capacity of wall models with openings under one and two-way loading

The results of an experimental and numerical studies of the stress-strain state of wall models under one and two way action are presented. The mechanisms of destruction of walls with openings are described. The functional dependencies between the destructive loads of the onset of crack formation and the influencing parameters are obtained. It is shown that the openings are stress concentrators, leading to the occurrence of micro and macro damage, the appearance and development of cracks, and in some cases to the loss of stability of structures (walls). The obtained influence functions can be included in traditional calculation methods with the aim of clarifying them. The factors affecting the process of cracking and fracture are given. Their modeling will allow to predict and prevent adverse events. Practical methods for regulating stresses, forces, and displacements that reduce the influence of various concentrators are considered. The analysis of the destruction mechanism of wall models carried out in this article allows one to study the influence of the size, position, and shape of window openings on the bearing capacity of walls. For example, the presence of stress concentrations in the region of the corners of square openings and their absence in round ones. The system of indicators of the sentry type ICh-10 made it possible to control the deformation of models from the plane of the walls, which is especially important under conditions of lateral pinching. The experimental values of the strength of the walls with openings compared with the calculated ones, which made it possible to see the degree of simplification of the classical calculation models used in design practice.

Church enclosure walls bearing capacity estimations and its validation on 3D models

The paper deals with the nonlinear computational modeling of the baroque enclosure masonry walls. The main tasks are input parameters for efficient advanced numerical tools and techniques, which are based on nonlinear and quasi brittle constitutive FEM modeling. For the work was used the knowledge and results from the Broumov Group Churches survey acquired in the frame of international SAHC university cooperation. The goal of the contribution are real bearing capacity parameters of the composite enclosure walls, which leads from standard homogenization techniques. With regards to the material micro modeling of different wall configuration in longitudinal and transversal direction was done with ATENA 2D software to evaluate the safe bearing capacity of the walls. The set of models aim to assess the bearing capacity of the enclosure wall, which is the main structural element in the church. In detail, we will present results from the numerical investigation, and partial in situ testing, from Vižňov, Ruprechtice and Otovice. Finally, we will present calculation of cracks propagation on full 3D church models. Concerning historical structures, it is one way how to validate the quality of estimations and validate numerical models.

Experimental Analysis of Wall Consist of Straw Concrete Composite Board under the Action of Vertical Load

This article mainly analyzes characteristics on bearing capacity of wall consist of the straw composite board under vertical load, as well as bearing characteristics of various member under vertical load. Through the model test of 1:50 scale, it is obtained that cracking load, ultimate load and deformation of various elements of wall model in the process of test. The required data is provided that the bearing capacity formula under axial compression is to calculate straw concrete wall consist of composite board.

Finite Element Analysis of Horizontal Reinforcement Ratio's Effect on Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Masonry

Non-linear analysis of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block masonry composite wall with column has been conducted using finite element software ABAQUS. First, the finite element results were verified with laboratory results of full-scale specimens. Effects of horizontal reinforcement ratio on seismic performance were investigated. The analysis indicates that shearing strength of the wall is affected by the openings greatly. Seismic performance is improved with the increase of horizontal reinforcement ratio. The effect of vertical stress on wall without openings is more than that on wall with openings. Bearing capacity of walls without openings has a linear relationship with the horizontal reinforcement ratio. And bearing capacity of walls with openings is related to the place where the reinforcements are installed as well as the horizontal reinforcement ratio.

Design recommendations for hollow concrete masonry walls subject to concentrated loads, based on a test program

Concentrated loads are one of the most common types of load applied to masonry walls. Concentrated loads occur under beams, trusses, and joists resting on a bearing wall ; they could also occur from the prestressing anchorages of a post-tensioned masonry wall. The current typical design detail of grouting some of the blocks in hollow concrete masonry beneath the concentrated load increases the bearing capacity of the wall. However, the present configuration of grouting is empirical, not being supported by any analytic procedure or published experimental data, despite the fact that it actually does improve the bearing capacity of the wall. An experimental investigation into the effect of grouting on the bearing capacity of hollow concrete masonry walls is described. A grout configuration is proposed, supported by a previous numerical analysis, which improves the bearing capacity of the wall beyond that obtained with the current pattern. The effect of the concentrated load location with respect to the block geometry on the wall capacity was also studied. The strength enhancement factors for the zone directly under the concentrated load are given for the walls analyzed. Recommendations for both the best location of the load with respect to the block geometry and grout configuration beneath the load are provided.