Bean Grain Research Articles

Variation in Grain Mineral Concentrations of 63 Common Bean Genotypes Planted at Malkerns, Eswatini, in Africa

ABSTRACTLow soil mineral concentrations are a major limitation to the nutritional quality of grain crops produced in Africa. As a result, 232 million people are suffering from microelement deficiency and 239 million from protein‐calorie malnutrition in Africa. This study evaluated the nutritional quality of common bean grain harvested from 63 genotypes planted at Malkerns in Eswatini. The results showed significantly marked differences in the concentrations of 10 dietarily important nutrient elements. Of the macronutrients, Na levels showed the highest variation (12.00–91.00 mg/g) among the 63 bean genotypes, followed by K (14.03–22.03 mg/g) and P (3.30–9.57 mg/g), with Mg (1.57–2.30 mg/g) and Ca (0.80–2.68 mg/g) concentrations exhibiting the least difference among the bean genotypes. Of the micronutrients, Fe levels revealed the highest variation (66.36–151.08 mg/kg), followed by Zn (23.57–70.72 mg/kg) and Mn (11.53–26.84 mg/kg), with B (10.06–17.65 mg/kg) and Cu (6.30–13.67 mg/kg) exhibiting relatively lower differences among the 63 common bean genotypes. However, genotype NUC 461 recorded the highest grain concentrations of P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B, followed by DAB 155, which also revealed high levels of P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mn in its seeds. For improved human health and nutrition, the two bean genotypes would be the ideal candidates to recommend to commercial bean growers and resource‐poor farmers. However, the mechanisms underlying the greater accumulation of six to seven dietarily important nutrient elements by genotypes NUC 461 and DAB 155 remain to be determined.

Changes in the biological and nutritional value of pea and bean grains as a result of their bioactivation

The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the technology for processing peas and beans of domestic selection into plant-based drinks and their use in technologies for alternative products of complex raw materials for healthy, functional and specialized nutrition of various population groups. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the developed technological modes of bioactivation on the nutritional and biological value, functional and technological properties of the protein-carbohydrate complex of pea and bean grains. The work examines the results of studies of changes occurring in pea grains bred at the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture and beans bred at the Omsk State Agrarian University during their bioactivation using the Smart Sprouter "Rosinka" installation, in particular the biochemical composition and inhibitory activity of grain of the studied varieties, a protein complex and amino acid composition, protein digestibility in vitro, functional and technological properties of the protein-carbohydrate complex of grain. The research has been carried out using generally accepted, modern instrumental methods for analyzing the properties of raw materials and finished products. It has been established that the use of the developed technological parameters of bioactivation leads to modification of the functional and technological properties of the structure-forming nutrients of grain, intensive accumulation of all amino acids, with the exception of threonine, make it possible to increase the protein content in pea grain by 15.32 % and beans by 14.96 %, relative to the initial values increase the degree of compliance of pea and bean grain protein with the FAO/WHO reference protein by 4.48 and 17.53 %, reduce the activity of grain protease inhibitors by 19.76 and 26.12 %, increase the digestibility of grain protein by 7.77 and 5.85 %. The research results prove the feasibility of using bioactivated pea and bean grains for the production of alternative products with a complex raw material composition, including plant-based drinks and products in the "dairy alternatives" segment.

Iron, Zinc and Total Phenolic Content in Cooked Biofortified NUA 45 and Gloria Sugar Beans: The Case of Zimbabwe

Biofortification involves breeding of staple crops that are micronutrient-dense and high yielding for example iron-biofortified beans. The biofortification of crops has been found to be cost effective and feasible to fight micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of the study was to determine the iron, zinc and total phenolic composition for the biofortified NUA 45 and Gloria sugar beans in raw as well as cooked samples with and without previous soaking. Determination of iron and zinc content in the raw, cooked bean grain samples with and without soaking was carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Optical Emission Spectrometry whereas the determination of Total Phenolic Content was done using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. The highest zinc concentration (0.295ppm) was found in raw Gloria sugar beans whilst the raw NUA 45 sugar beans had the highest iron content (0.755ppm) and total phenolic composition (352.8mg/100g). For the cooked bean samples Gloria sugar beans had the highest zinc concentration (0.247ppm) cooked after soaking. NUA 45 sugar beans had no significant difference on the zinc content after being cooked with and without soaking. Amongst the cooked samples the biofortified NUA 45 sugar beans cooked after soaking had the highest iron content (0.373ppm) as well as the highest total phenolic content in the beans cooked without soaking (200.5mg/100g). Biofortified NUA 45 and Gloria sugar beans proved to be good sources of iron, zinc and phenolic compounds. However, cooking with and without soaking diminished the iron, zinc and the total phenolic composition of the cooked NUA 45 and Gloria sugar beans.

Development of a Device for Primary Purification of Mung Bean Grain from Pods and Optimization of Its Main Design Dimensions and Operating Modes

It is important to create a technically and technologically improved device that reduces the damage to the mung during the process of removing the pods from the currently cultivated mung grain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the design of the device, to justify its parameters and operating modes, for the complete separation and preliminary cleaning of mung beans without damaging them. The article presents the results of optimization of the main design dimensions and operating modes of the device for separating mung bean from the pods. The results of experimental studies showed that the proposed device has a high degree of completeness in separating mung bean from its pods and a low level of damage, low grain damage and high grain purity, which can be ensured with a sag length of 170 mm, a shaft oscillation number of 300 min-1, the amplitude of the shaft is 11.5 mm, its angle of inclination is 12 degrees. The design of the device for preliminary cleaning of mung grain by separating it from pods has been developed. The scientific significance of the research results is based on the structural dimensions and operating modes, as well as the resulting analytical connections and mathematical models, to ensure the quality of initial cleaning, to separate mung beans from pods completely and without damage, using less energy and resources. can be used to justify the parameters of similar devices. The developed device reduces the consumption of energy and labor during the initial cleaning of mung grain from pods, as well as the loss of grain.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Components in Faba Bean (<i>Vicia faba </i>L.) Genotypes

Through the use of path coefficient analysis and correlation, crop breeders can improve complex traits like grain yield through indirect selection. The current study set out to quantify the relationship between yield and traits related to yield as well as pinpoint critical features for indirect selection aimed at enhancing the grain yield of faba bean. The objective of the current study was to identify key characteristics for indirect selection targeted at increasing the grain yield of faba beans as well as quantify the relationship between yield and variables related to yield. The study was conducted at Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center at the Debre Tabor research site used a 7x7 simple lattice design with two replications to evaluate 49 faba bean genotypes during the rainy cropping season of 2022. The study found a significant positive correlation between grain yield, plant height, pod number, biomass yield, 100-seed mass, and harvest index. The study found that biomass yield and harvest index significantly impact grain yield, suggesting they can be used as indirect selection criteria to enhance faba bean grain yield.

Determination of the Appropriate Blended Inorganic Fertilizer Rate Recommendation for the Optimal Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grain Yield and Profitability in the Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia

Soil fertility decline is a significant factor affecting crop production. In a specific area, fertilizer application for a crop depends on soil type and profitability. Moreover, optimizing chemical fertilizer utilization in crop production is crucial from both environmental and economic perspectives. However, there is limited information available on the optimum NPSB fertilizer rate for common bean production in the study area. Thus, the study aimed to establish area-specific NPSB fertilizer rate recommendations for optimal grain yield and profitability of common bean. The field experiment was conducted in two locations in the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. The treatments included 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 kg·ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rates, and they were planted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined location analysis of variance indicated that the application of NPSB fertilizer significantly influenced plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred-seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index. The highest grain yields (2815 kg·ha−1 and 3433 kg·ha−1) were recorded with the application of a 125 kg·ha−1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate, while the lowest grain yields (1429 kg·ha−1 and 1500 kg·ha−1) were produced from the nonfertilizer applied plot in Deneba and Wara, respectively. The combined location mean showed that the maximum grain yield (3124 kg·ha−1), followed by 2710 kg·ha−1, was produced by the application of 125 and 100 kg·ha−1 NPSB fertilizer rates, respectively. The data indicate that raising the NPSB fertilizer rate from 0 to 125 kg·ha−1 would greatly boost grain yield in the common bean in both locations in a similar manner. The economic analysis revealed that applying 125 kg·ha−1 of NPSB fertilizer earned the highest net benefits (140453.2 ETB·ha−1) with the highest marginal rate of return (1745.26%). Therefore, for high yield and profitability of common bean, a rate of 125 kg·ha−1 NPSB fertilizer is suggested in the study area and similar agro-ecological zones.

Assessment of genotypic variability and genome‐wide association analysis of cooking time and canning quality traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

AbstractDeveloping improved common bean varieties with short cooking time (CT) and good canning quality traits (CQTs) is very key for accelerating bean consumption among the urban and middle‐class population. The objective of this study was to assess the genotypic variability and identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with CT and CQTs in common bean. A total of 250 common bean accessions were evaluated under field conditions for two seasons using alpha lattice design with two replications. Three months post‐harvest, the dry bean grains were evaluated for CT and CQTs. Significant variation was observed among the 250 common bean accessions tested for both traits. CT ranged from 51 to 215 min, with 11 genotypes cooking in less than 60 min. The percentage total CQTs' score ranged from 41% to 84% with 31 genotypes scoring 76% and above. Forty‐seven significant GWAS signals were detected for CT on chromosomes Pv01, Pv04, Pv05 and Pv11 and CQTs on Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv04, Pv05, Pv06, Pv07, Pv08, Pv10 and Pv11, respectively. Positional candidate genes including Phvul.005G161200 on chromosome Pv05, Phvul.007G2803001 and Phvul.007G280700 on chromosome Pv07 were associated with seed coat colour retention of the canned beans. Besides their usefulness in breeding research, the identified bean genotypes with shorter CT and good CQTs could enhance bean consumption and processing industries.

Production and characterization of craft beers IPA style with addition from malted green beans and babaçu mesocarp

Beer is the most consumed alcoholic drink in the world, and Brazil ranks as the third largest consumer. This work aimed to produce high-fermentation craft beers, IPA style, containing adjuncts, malted beans and babassu mesocarp to incorporate colour, flavour and differentiated aroma into the final product. The beer obtained was subjected to physical-chemical and microbiological characterization. Bean grains and mesocarp contributed significantly to the increased primitive extract and alcohol content of the beers above. In terms of colour, they were classified as light and dark; in terms of bitterness, they were called bitter and very bitter beers. The microbiological results identified the absence of mould and the presence of yeast and mesophilic bacteria. The municipality of Zé Doca-MA has full conditions for producing craft beers using low-cost raw materials capable of generating a quality and well-accepted final product.

Evaluating the Performance of Voting Classifier in Multiclass Classification of Dry Bean Varieties

This study explores the application of a voting classifier, integrating Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Gaussian Naive Bayes models, for the multiclass classification of dry bean varieties. Utilizing a dataset comprising 13,611 images of dry bean grains, captured through a high-resolution computer vision system, we extracted 16 features to train and test the classifier. Through a rigorous 5-fold cross-validation process, we assessed the model's performance, focusing on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The results demonstrated significant variability in the classifier's performance across different data subsets, with accuracy rates fluctuating between 31.23% and 96.73%. This variability highlights the classifier's potential under specific conditions while also indicating areas for improvement. The research contributes to the agricultural informatics field by showcasing the effectiveness and challenges of using ensemble learning methods for crop variety classification, a crucial task for enhancing agricultural productivity and food security. Recommendations for future research include exploring additional features to improve model generalization, extending the dataset for broader applicability, and comparing the voting classifier's performance with other ensemble methods or advanced machine learning models. This study underscores the importance of machine learning in advancing agricultural classification tasks, paving the way for more efficient and accurate crop sorting and grading processes.

Inoculants associated with fertilizers: agronomic increases in bean, soybean and lettuce crops

The objective of the study was to prove the efficiency of inoculation associated with synthetic fertilizers in the agronomic potential of bean, soybean and lettuce. Experiments were carried out in a randomized block design to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation associated with synthetic fertilizers in bean, soybean and lettuce crops. The experimental design used was randomized blocks organized in a factorial scheme, with six replications. In beans, ten treatments were evaluated in four environments. In soybean cultivation, 13 treatments were evaluated in four environments. While in lettuce, six treatments were evaluated in five environments. In each crop, the agronomic and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. Inoculation associated with fertilizers enhances the agronomic and nutritional performance of beans, soybeans and lettuce. Rhodopseudomonas palustris combined with phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization improves bean grain yield. Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasiliense and Pseudomonas fluorescensare crucial for soybean. Addition of the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris maximized the lettuce biomass.

Review on Pretreatment Techniques of Grass Pea Seeds for Reduction of Antinutritional Factors and β-Diaminopropionic (β-ODAP) Contents from Seeds

Grass peas are one of the most nutritious foods and are widely harvested and consumed in many developing countries. They are an inexpensive source of protein and contain large amounts of essential amino acids. The potential of grass peas to improve food security, nutrition and household income generation remains largely untapped. However, the naturally occurring amino acid β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) leads to limited neurotoxic activity. Lathyrus sativus β-ODAP exists in two isomers (α and β isomers) in nature. The α isomer accounts for approximately 5% of the total ODAP content and is less toxic, but the β isomer is also more toxic. Decreased β-ODAP levels through food processing such as overnight soaking, cooking bean sprouts, fermentation, and roasting. Most food pretreatment processing methods can effectively improve the nutritional quality of grass bean grains and reduce anti-nutritional factors. Grass peas, a variety of traditionally treated seeds, serve as a staple food for poor farmers in countries such as Ethiopia and are primarily consumed during times of drought and famine. Grass pea seeds are valued as a nutritious staple food and feed plant mainly due to their high protein content.

A multi-attribute evaluation of genotype-environment experiments using biplots and joint plots graphics

In plant breeding studies, some of objectives are to study the interaction between genotype and environment (GEI), evaluating genotypic stability and adaptability. The additive model with multiplicative interaction (AMMI) has been widely used for cases in which there is only one response trait. In this work we propose the combined use of the Tucker3 model, joint plot graphics, and Procrustes analysis to analyze data from a GEI experiment with multiple responses. The joint use of these two methodologies allows a direct comparison with the results of the AMMI analysis. This method was applied to a data set related to an experiment to evaluate the darkening of carioca bean grains by the natural grain darkening method and by the accelerated darkening method installed in the randomized complete block design, in 2016. Nineteen carioca bean genotypes in six environments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and eight attributes were evaluated, which consists of the measurement time in each of the grain darkening methods. The results indicated that the Tucker3 model is efficient to deal with the triple arrangement of the interaction genotypes × environments × attributes and that the use of the joint plot is advisable, because it allowed the evaluation of genotypic stability and adaptability. The use of Procrustes analysis associated with the Tucker3 model allowed the identification of general conclusions for the different attributes. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Important roles of coarse particles in pasting and gelling performance of different pulse flours under high-temperature heating

Dehulled pea, lentil, and faba bean grains were milled into flours with 0.5- to 2.5-mm sieves. As the particle size decreased, damaged-starch contents of the flours from the same pulse crop increased. At a holding temperature of 95 °C in RVA, peak and final viscosities and gelling ability of the flours generally increased as the particle size decreased. When the holding temperature increased from 95 to 140 °C, pasting viscosities of pea and lentil flours and gel hardness of lentil flours gradually decreased. In contrast, pasting viscosities and gel hardness of faba bean flours reached the highest values at 120 °C. The comparison of the pulse flours varying in particle size across the three market classes revealed that coarse particles comprising agglomerated starch, protein, and dietary fiber (i.e., particles of the second peak in the bimodal particle-size distribution curves) showed significant correlations with certain important functional properties of pulse flours.

Protection of Stored Common Bean and Maize Grains Using Optimally Synthesized Biosilica from Rice Husk Ash

Losses provoked by insect pests on stored cereals and legumes contribute immensely to reduce food security, especially in rural communities in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The application of integrated control strategies, involving the use of synthetic pesticides, is often expensive and hazardous to humans and the environment. This study was conducted to optimize the production and use of biosilica from rice husk ashes, for the control of Sitophilus zeamais and Acanthoscelides obtectus, major insect pests of stored maize and common bean grains. The amorphous nature of the derived silica molecules coupled with the silanol and siloxane groups on their surfaces seemed to account for silica’s insecticidal effects on the pests, which were more on A. obtectus on common beans than S. zeamais on maize grains, with full mortalities obtained at doses of about 1.25 g per 50 g bean seeds and about 2.25 g per 50 g maize seeds, within 3 and 12 days, respectively. Similarly, the daily lethal dose (LD50) of silica powder required to obtain the mortality of half of the insects was lower on common beans than on maize seeds. The reduced phytotoxic activity of the biosilica on the stored common bean and maize grains indicates therefore that it could make an ecofriendly alternative to conventional protectants for small quantities of stored grains. However, large‐scale studies are needed in order to evaluate its potential use in grain storage systems.

МИКОБИОТА КОРМОВ ИЗ СМОЛЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article presents data on the composition of the surface and subepidermal mycobiota of five samples of forage crops from Smolensk region: grains of oats, rye, pea beans, sunflower seeds and mustard. The study showed that Penicillium dominated in the surface parts, and Dematiaceous hyphomycetes dominated in the deep parts.

Impact of Long-Term Organic Manure Application on Yield, Zinc, and Copper Uptake in Maize, Peas, and Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Cropping System

To evaluate the impact of the long-term application of organic manures on yield, uptake of zinc and copper in maize, peas and summer mungbean cropping systems, a field study was conducted at the integrated farming system of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The treatment combinations were; T1: 50% N through recommended NPK + 50% N was substituted through FYM, T2: 100% N through FYM, T3: T2 + intercropping (marigold in pea, cowpea in maize), T4: T2 + agronomic practices for weed and. pest control, T5: 50% N as FYM + rock phosphate to substitute the P requirement of crops + phosphate solubilizing bacterial. cultures (PSB), T6: T2 + biofertilizer (consortium) containing N and P carriers and T7: 100% Recommended NPK through chemical fertilizers. Significant increases in the yield, micronutrient content and uptake were recorded due to the application of 50% nitrogen through farmyard manure (FYM) and 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizers (T1) followed by 100% N through FYM + biofertilizer containing. N and P, carriers (T6). The highest grain yield of maize (5.72 t ha-1), pea (16.2 t ha-1) and summer mungbean (11.6 t ha-1) were recorded in treatment T1, surpassing the 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (T7) by 13.7%, 20% and 10.4 %, respectively. The concentration of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the grains of maize, pea and summer mung bean was 38.3%, 14.1%, 29.6% and 53.4%, 22.8 % and 19.8% higher in treatment T1 as compared to treatment T7. Moreover, the concentration of copper and zinc in the grains of maize, pea and summer mung bean was 32.1%, 24.2% and 29.5 % and 21.7%, 17.6% and 11.6% higher in treatment T1, respectively, compared to treatment T7. Similarly, the increase in the uptake of Cu and Zn was observed in both grain and straw of maize, pea and summer mung bean. The study concluded that the integrated nutrient management (INM) treatment is to substitute a portion of chemical fertilizers with a more sustainable and environmentally safe organic compost in order to mitigate soil degradation, improve crop production, and protect the environment.

Application of ozone at low-pressure: Control of egg and larval phases of Zabrotes subfasciatus, inactivation of Aspergillus flavus and qualitative changes in bean grains

Ozone applied in a low-pressure system has been studied in packed grains. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ozone applied at low-pressures for the control of egg and larval phases of Zabrotes subfasciatus and inactivation of Aspergillus flavus in beans and possible changes in product quality. Samples of 5.0 kg of beans packed in woven polypropylene bags were exposed to ozone in the hypobaric chamber of internal volume equal to 70 L. The application of ozone was preceded by the reduction of internal chamber pressure to 50000 Pa. The ozone was then injected until the chamber's internal pressure reached 100000 Pa. An inlet ozone concentration of 61.37 mg L−1 was applied in 1, 4, 7, and 10 injections and a flow rate of 1.0 L min−1. In the control treatment, oxygen was used. The ozonation of beans with 10 injections was efficient in controlling the egg and larval phases of Z. subfasciatus, reducing mass loss and inactivation of A. flavus in the grains. The increase in the number of injections increased the electrical conductivity of the beans. However, ozone did not affect the thousand-grain mass, percentage of whole grains after cooking, total soluble solids in the cooking broth, dimensions of the orthogonal axes of the grains, volume and length-width ratio of the cooked beans. The results suggest that the number of injections in the system at low-pressure is a determining factor for the concentration of ozone inside grain packages. In this system, the application of ozone adopting 10 injections is efficient in the control of Z. subfasciatus and in the inactivation of A. flavus, without affecting the quality of the beans.

Women’s visibility and bargaining power in the common bean value chain in Mozambique

Women are involved in bean production and marketing, but their contribution is often invisible. This study is interested in understanding gender gaps in bean production, marketing, and decision-making powers over income and sales. A mixed method was used to collect survey data from 332 farming households and qualitative data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The respondents in the study were young men (30.42%), young women (13.25%), adult men (35.84%) and adult women (20.48%). From the results, adult men and young men owned more land than adult women and young women. Common bean had the highest median price of MZN25.00 (US$1.25) per kg over other crops such as maize at MZN7.00 (US$0.35), soybean at MZN 10 (US$0.50), groundnut at MZN 17 (US$0.85) and cowpea at MZN10.00 (US$0.50). The study revealed gender disparities in the control of bean sales and income. While there were no differences in the volume of bean grain sales between adult men and adult women, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between young men and young women. Compared to young women, young men sold twice the bean grain volume and earned nearly twice more income, despite the two groups producing comparable volumes of bean grain. In conclusion, unlike the prevailing consensus that legumes are women’s crops, the economic benefits, particularly in common bean, accrue more to young men than to any other category in this study.

Effect of temperature, relative humidity and drip irrigation on productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico

In southern Sonora, Mexico, the temperature has maintained a tendency to increase 0.2°C every spring season, which poses a risk for bean production, since high temperatures might occur during the critical periods of flowering and grain-filling that define the final grain yield. The objective was to determine the impact of temperature and relative humidity on bean grain yield and quality in two commercial fields (B-2110 and B-2228) sown in two dates (March 9 and 25, and 3 and 27, respectively) with cultivar Pinto Saltillo, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora under drip irrigation. The fruiting period was evaluated in relation to temperature, relative humidity and drip irrigation sheets. Meteorological data were obtained from digital sensors installed within the crop, in addition to the meteorological stations closest to each field. The analysis of variance was highly significant for number of pods with grain, number of grains per pod, specific grain weight, and grain yield ha-1. Bean grain yield varied from 1,204 to 3,271 kg ha-1; the highest yield was obtained in field B-2110 on the first date, where a total water sheet of 50.4 cm was applied with a 12.1 day interval between 8 irrigations; while the lowest yield was obtained in B-2228 on the second date where a total water sheet of 59.60 cm was applied with a 5.6 day interval between 14 irrigations. The number of continuous hours and days with temperature greater than 33°C and relative humidity greater than 90% during the fruitful stage of the crop, were related to the greatest number of pods without grain and the lowest grain weight, with a significant reduction in the quality for consumption. The consumption quality of the grain was mainly affected in the late sowing dates, where losses of 32.6 to 48.7% were obtained in fields B-2110 and B-2228, respectively.

Seleção de cultivares de feijão-comum em sistema de produção irrigado

ABSTRACT In irrigated production systems, the common bean grain yield must reach high levels to maintain economic viability. In this context, management, like the selection of the most adapted cultivars, may be effective in obtaining high yields. Through a three-year experiment, it was aimed to select the common bean cultivars with the highest agronomic and technological performance in an irrigated production system and to determine the yield component that most interfered with common bean yield. The treatments consisted of eight common bean cultivars with indeterminate growth habit and from the pinto bean variety (carioca): ANFc 9, BRS Estilo, BRSMG Madrepérola, Pérola, IAC Alvorada, IAC Milênio, TAA Bola Cheia, and TAA Dama. IAC Milênio and IAC Alvorada had the highest agronomic performance for irrigated production systems, with grain yields up to 17% higher than other cultivars. The cultivars show little variation in the grain technological quality, meeting the culinary and nutritional qualities recommended for common bean. The ANFc 9 cultivar showed the highest crude protein content in grains (19%). The number of pods per plant is the yield component that most interferes with common bean grain yield, generating 86 kg ha-1 increments for each unitary increase. Therefore, the common bean cultivars selection in the irrigated production system is an effective management practice to increase common bean agronomic and quality performance.