Bean Grain Research Articles

Common bean grain yield as affected by sulfur fertilization and cultivars

ABSTRACT A better understanding of the differential growth of common bean cultivars with increasing soil sulfur (S) availability can indicate how to improve common bean grain yield in soils of Savannas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of sprinkler-irrigated common bean cultivars to sulfur fertilization in a no-tillage system. The experiment was designed as a randomized block in a split-plot scheme with sulfur rates (0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1) as main plots and common bean cultivars (BRS Requinte, BRS Cometa, Diamante Negro, BRS Grafite, BRS Valente, and Corrente) as subplots, with three replications. Common bean cultivars did not differ regarding grain yield response to sulfur rates, which fitted to a quadratic equation. Among the cultivars tested, only BRS Requinte and BRS Valente differed in grain yield for S fertilization, the first being more productive. Moreover, S fertilization allows significant increases in common bean grain yield in average of six cultivars and must be considered in cropping systems aiming for high yields.

Sowing time affecting the development of common bean cultivars in Lichinga, Province of Niassa, Mozambique

ABSTRACT The demonstration of yield potential of crops depends on genetic factors, favorable conditions of envi ronment, and management. The sowing time can significantly affect the common bean grain yield. The aim of this research was to study the behavior of Brazilian cultivars and sowing times on the yield components and grain yield of common bean grown in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Province of Niassa, Mozambique. The field trial was performed for two growing seasons, using the experimental as a randomized block in factorial 5 × 3 × 2, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of five common bean cultivars (BRS Pontal, BRS Agreste, Perola, and BRS Requinte, developed by Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), and a local variety, Encarnada) with three sowing dates (beginning of the rainy season, and 15 and 30 days after), during two growing seasons. The Brazilian cultivar of common beans BRS Pontal was the most productive in all sowing times, followed by BRS Agreste, which was not the most productive only in the second sowing time of 2013/2014 growing season. The cultivar Encarnada, from Mozambique, was the less productive cultivar in all sowing times and in all growing seasons. The best sowing time for common bean cultivars is in the beginning of the rainy season. The use of technologies such as use of seeds of new cultivars, proper sowing time, fertilization, and control of weeds allow significant increase of common bean grain yield in Lichinga, Mozambique.

Residual contact toxicity and repellence of Cupressus lusitanica Miller and Eucalyptus saligna Smith essential oils against major stored product insect pests

In an effort to find eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides in grain storage, residual contact toxicity and repellence of Cupressus lusitanica and Eucalyptus saligna leaf essential oils were evaluated against adult Tribolium castaneum, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Sitophilus zeamais. In bioassays, oil was applied at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% v/w to wheat and bean grains and stored for 30–120days after which test insects were introduced into sub-samples of treated grains. Both oils at 0.20% v/w and 120days grain storage duration caused a mortality of 5.0–65.0% in test insects whereas in the repellence bioassay, at same doses and grain storage duration produced percent repellence values of 34–52.4% of test insects. Considering other pesticidal properties of C. lusitanica and E. saligna oils, current results point oils as potential residual contact toxicants and repellents for possible integration into insect pest management practices.

Physical characteristics, proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors in grains of lablab bean (<i>Lablab purpureus</i>) genotypes from Kenya

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the physical characteristics, nutritional composition and anti-nutritional factors of grains from three lablab bean varieties with different colours and size developed by The Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO) Methodology and results: The length, thickness and width were determined using Vernier callipers. Dry matter, protein, fat and ash were determined using standard association of official analytical chemists (AOAC) methods. Phytates were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the tannins and trypsin inhibition were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The mean 100 seed weight was significantly different among the three varieties, and ranged from 26.1 g to 29.2 g. The length, thickness and width ranged from 9.7 for KAT/DL-3 to 10.7 mm for KAT/DL-1, 5.2 (KAT/DL-1) to 5.6 mm (KAT/DL-2) and 6.8 (KAT/DL-3) to 7.4 mm (KAT/DL-1), respectively. The hydration and swelling coefficients of the beans ranged from 130.7 in KAT/DL-2 to 147.2 in KAT/DL-1, and 125.1 in KAT/DL-2 to 153.3 (KAT/DL-1), respectively. The mean crude protein and energy contents varied from 22.5(KAT/DL-3) to 25.4 %,( KAT/DL-1) and 347.4 (KAT/DL-3) to 353.7 KCal/100g in KAT/DL-1, respectively, and differed significantly (p<0.05) among the varieties. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the phytic acid and tannin levels, where KAT/DL-2 recorded the highest levels of 723.6 mg/100 g, and 0.33%CE, respectively. Conclusion and application of findings: These results indicate that KAT/DL-1 has the best physical characteristics in respect to cooking and nutrition quality. This variety had the highest protein and energy content with low anti-nutritional factors, thus could offer better nutritive value in comparison to KATDL-2 and KAT/DL-3 Keywords: Lablab beans, varieties, proximate composition, physical parameters, anti-nutritional factors

La competencia de la maleza (Commelina diffusa L.) puede afectar las características agronómicas y el contenido mineral de los granos de frijol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the presence of Commelina diffusa weeds on the agronomic characteristics and mineral content of bean grains ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with five replications in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of two bean cultivars (BRS Ametista and BRS Estilo) grown in the presence and absence of the weeds. The weeds affected the agronomic and mineral characteristics of the varieties; caused a decrease in the number of leaves; reduced the chlorophyll content in the leaves; and reduced the nitrogen, phosphorus and iron contents in the grains. Competition with spreading dayflower did not cause significant effects on the stem diameter or the levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the grains. The BRS Estilo variety was less affected by weed competition than BRS Ametista and showed higher values for the number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and accumulation of manganese and iron in the grains.

Modeling the hydration process of bean grains coated with carnauba wax

Edible waxes are widely used to maintain foodstuff until they are consumed. However, some products may be subjected to industrial procedures, such as hydration, prior to their consumption. Hydration of a material is a complex process, which aims to reconstitute the original characteristics of a product when in contact with a liquid phase. An important agricultural product that requires this procedure is beans. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the hydration process of beans (cultivar BRSMG Majestoso) in different temperatures and concentrations of carnauba wax, which is applied on the product surface. Beans with initial moisture content of 0.2015, 0.1972 and 0.1745 (d.b.) corresponding to treatments 0 (witness), 1 (wax diluted in water in the ratio 1:1), and 2 (carnauba wax, without dilution) were used. Later, these samples were imbibed in distilled water at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 ºC, for 15 h. The temperature and the carnauba wax influenced the water absorption rate. The Peleg model described satisfactory experimental data and the Mitscherlich model presented biased residual distribution. The constants C1 and C2 of the Peleg model exhibited opposite behaviors with increasing temperatures in the hydration process.

Modeling the hydration process of bean grains coated with carnauba wax

Edible waxes are widely used to maintain foodstuff until they are consumed. However, some products may be subjected to industrial procedures, such as hydration, prior to their consumption. Hydration of a material is a complex process, which aims to reconstitute the original characteristics of a product when in contact with a liquid phase. An important agricultural product that requires this procedure is beans. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the hydration process of beans (cultivar BRSMG Majestoso) in different temperatures and concentrations of carnauba wax, which is applied on the product surface. Beans with initial moisture content of 0.2015, 0.1972 and 0.1745 (d.b.) corresponding to treatments 0 (witness), 1 (wax diluted in water in the ratio 1:1), and 2 (carnauba wax, without dilution) were used. Later, these samples were imbibed in distilled water at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 ºC, for 15 h. The temperature and the carnauba wax influenced the water absorption rate. The Peleg model described satisfactory experimental data and the Mitscherlich model presented biased residual distribution. The constants C1 and C2 of the Peleg model exhibited opposite behaviors with increasing temperatures in the hydration process.

DEPTH OF SULFUR FERTILIZATION AS AFFECTING NODULATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF COMMON BEAN

Depth of sulfur (S) fertilization can affect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) development and a better understanding of its interaction with plant nodulation could help to improve common bean grain yield in soils under Cerrado. The objective of this study was to determine nodulation, grain yield and yield components of common bean as affected by rates and deep of S fertilization. The experimental designed was a randomized block in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, with four replications. Treatments were the combination of sulfur rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1) at two depths (0.06 and 0.12 m) in two growing season (2014 and 2015). S fertilization depth did not affect number of nodules, root and shoot dry matter of common bean. The application of S in the uppermost layer provided significant increases in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield of common bean. Fertilization with S provided significant increases in grain yield of common bean. Thus, the sulfated fertilization should be considered in farming systems aiming for high yields.

GGE biplot application for adaptability of African yam bean grain yield to four agro-ecologies in Nigeria

Genotypes respond to environments differently; therefore it is important that their response to growing environment should be investigated in order to identify most suitable genotype(s) for specific environment. The objective of this study was to understand the adaptability of some accessions of African yam bean to different agro-ecologies of Nigeria. Thirty African yam bean (AYB) ( Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich) Harms) accessions were evaluated for grain yield adaptability to four agro-environments in Nigeria. Genotype by environment (GE) interaction was significant (P < 0.01) for grain yield, with a range of 239.29 kg ha -1 (TSs 89) to 4130.46 kg ha -1 (TSs 33). Two principal component axes generated in the biplots explained 70.9% of the total variation due to the accessions and their interaction with the environments. The superior genotypes for each location were TSs82 (Ibadan), TSs116 (Mokwa), TSs24 (Ikenne) and TSs33 (Ubiaja). Three mega-environments arose from the study; namely Ikenne, Ubiaja and Mokwa (Ibadan merged with Mokwa to form a single megaenvironment). Ikenne was a more representative environment for AYB production, having a mean grain yield of 1074.53 kg ha -1 , closest to the grand mean of 1075.57 kg ha -1 . However, Ubiaja was most supportive for grain production of AYB. Some of the accessions identified with high yielding, adaptable/stable in the study included TSs101, TSs111, TSs93, TSs94, TSs57, TSs104B and TSs109. Key Words: Accessions, mega-environment, principal components, Sphenostylis stenocarpa

English

Conservation agriculture (CA) is becoming popular in sub-Saharan Africa as potential solution to soil degradation. However, most findings are based on large scale, mechanized agricultural production systems which are not easy to apply within the smallholder farmer’s context. This study assessed the implications of tillage practices, management of soil surface and fertilizer application on sustainable dryland agriculture of Eastern Rwanda. The experimental design was Split Plot with 4 replications. The main plots were conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) and sub-plots were: Control, sole residues application (RR); residues application with inorganic fertilizers (RR+IF) and inorganic fertilizers (IF) applied alone. Inorganic fertilizers application increased bean grain and biomass yield by 103%. In no tillage inorganic fertilizers had higher maize grain and biomass yields whereas residues application had 68% higher maize grain and biomass yield in conventional tillage. The significant increase in organic carbon was observed in residues applied with inorganic fertilizers. There was a significant N decrease in all treatments however control and residues had the highest N pool compared to other treatments. Sole residues application and residues applied with inorganic fertilizers treatment increased significantly Available P. The use of inorganic fertilizers in conservation agriculture systems should be promoted as the engine toward successful of CA practices for Bugesera district conditions. These results provide a basis for conducting trade-off analyses to support the development of CA crop management and international development strategies based on available scientific evidence. Key words: Conservation agriculture, no tillage, residues management, Bugesera District.

Kinetics of water sorption of damaged bean grains: Thermodynamic properties

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the thermodynamic properties of damaged beans. Grains with initial moisture content of 53.85% (d.b.) were used. A part of the grains was used to obtain the desorption isotherms, while another part was subjected to drying until a moisture content of 5.26% (d.b.) was achieved; therefore, it was subjected to the adsorption process. To induce damage, a Stein breakage tester was used. To obtain the equilibrium moisture content, grains were placed in a climatic chamber whose temperatures were 20, 30, 40, and 50 ± 1 °C combined with a relative humidity of 30, 40, 50, 70, and 90 ± 3%. Although in the desorption process, damaged grains had a lower differential enthalpy compared with the control, the reverse behavior was observed in the adsorption process. Mechanical damage caused the formation of a greater number of available adsorption sites, resulting in higher differential entropy values in adsorption and lower values in desorption compared with the control. The mechanical damage had no effect on the Gibbs free energy.

Effects of compost type and storage conditions on climbing bean on Technosols of Tantalum mining sites in Western Rwanda

AbstractLittle is known about the effects of compost application to reclaim artisanal mining sites for agriculture in Central Africa. A field experiment was therefore conducted to examine the effects of locally available organic household waste composted under traditional (pit under leaf shade) versus improved management (pit under double plastic sheeting) and mixed with either Tithonia diversifolia biomass or Minjingu Phosphate Rock (13–15% P) on climbing bean sown on degraded Technosols (former Tantalum mining sites) and un‐mined control soils (Cambisols). Both soil types were derived from pegmatite. After 6 months of composting, nutrient concentrations in traditional compost were 0.27–0.32% N, 0.06–0.08% P, and 0.20–0.22% K. Comparative values in amended compost were 1.02–1.65% N, 0.10–0.31% P, and 0.41–1.13% K. In farmyard+solid waste, composted under traditional system, dry matter was 65.4%, pH 6.7, and C : N ratio 13.0, as opposed to 81.5% DM, a pH of 8.6, and a C : N ratio of 8.6 in farmyard+solid waste+Minjingu phosphate under improved compost, and 68.3% dry matter, a pH of 8.4, and a C : N ratio of 7.4 for Tithonia+farmyard+solid waste under improved conditions. Compared to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grain yields of 0.28 (mined soil) and 0.11 (unmined soil) without amendments, the application (on a dry matter basis) of 5 t compost ha−1 led to yields of 3.54 t DM ha−1 for improved compost Tithonia+farmyard+solid waste on mined soil versus 2.26 t DM ha−1 (P &lt; 5%) for the same treatment at the un‐mined sites. The yield obtained for farmyard+solid waste+Minjingu phosphate composted under improved conditions averaged 3.06 t DM ha−1 at mined sites compared with 2.85 t DM ha−1 at un‐mined sites (P &gt; 5%). All amendments were more effective in enhancing bean yields on Technosols with significant positive effects with improved compost than on Cambisols.

Legume inoculant application methods: effects on nodulation patterns, nitrogen fixation, crop growth and yield in narrow-leaf lupin and faba bean

Liquid and granular rhizobial inoculants have some practical advantages for delivering rhizobial inoculants to legume crops in terms of ease-of-use and in separating rhizobia from potentially harmful seed-applied pesticides. The aim of this research was to determine whether inoculant application methodologies altered the patterns of nodulation on roots, inputs of symbiotic nitrogen (N2) fixation, the accumulation of legume shoot dry matter (DM), grain yield, and grain nitrogen (N). Eight field experiments were established at four different locations in south-eastern Australia to quantify the response of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to three inoculant application methods (on-seed application as a peat slurry, in-furrow peat inoculant delivered as a liquid suspension at seeding, in-furrow peat granules delivered at seeding) compared with uninoculated treatments. N2 fixation was assessed using the 15N natural abundance method and canola was included as a non-legume reference. Inoculation significantly improved crown nodulation, from 0.05 to 13 nodules plant−1 in lupin at two sites and from 0.17 to 21.3 nodules plant−1 in faba bean at three sites. Nodulation responses were decreased for faba bean treatments at sites with low pH, and for both lupin and faba bean at sites where soils contained large populations of naturally-occurring rhizobia. Inoculation increased grain yield from 0.48 to 1.94 t ha−1 in faba bean relative to uninoculated treatments at two sites; N2 fixation increased by 175 kg N ha−1 in lupin at one site and by 46 to 280 kg N ha−1 in faba bean at two sites. The different inoculant application methods led to minor differences in crown and lateral root nodulation patterns but only impacted N2 fixation and grain yield at one site with faba bean, where peat slurry treatments had 186 to 195 kg N ha−1 more N2 fixation than other treatments and peat slurry and granules provided 0.8 to 1.0 t ha−1 more grain yield than liquid inoculants. On-seed application of peat slurry always provided the best nodulation, grain yield and N2 fixation. Small changes in nodulation patterns using in-furrow inoculants only resulted in reduced N2 fixation in faba bean at one site. At that site faba bean grain yield was reduced by 1.0 t ha−1 in liquid inoculant treatments, compared with on-seed peat slurry treatments.

Conservation Farming and Changing Climate: More Beneficial than Conventional Methods for Degraded Ugandan Soils

The extent of land affected by degradation in Uganda ranges from 20% in relatively flat and vegetation-covered areas to 90% in the eastern and southwestern highlands. Land degradation has adversely affected smallholder agro-ecosystems including direct damage and loss of critical ecosystem services such as agricultural land/soil and biodiversity. This study evaluated the extent of bare grounds in Nakasongola, one of the districts in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda and the yield responses of maize (Zea mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different tillage methods in the district. Bare ground was determined by a supervised multi-band satellite image classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC). Field trials on maize and bean grain yield responses to tillage practices used a randomized complete block design with three replications, evaluating conventional farmer practice (CFP); permanent planting basins (PPB); and rip lines, with or without fertilizer in maize and bean rotations. Bare ground coverage in the Nakasongola District was 187 km2 (11%) of the 1741 km2 of arable land due to extreme cases of soil compaction. All practices, whether conventional or the newly introduced conservation farming practices in combination with fertilizer increased bean and maize grain yields, albeit with minimal statistical significance in some cases. The newly introduced conservation farming tillage practices increased the bean grain yield relative to conventional practices by 41% in PPBs and 43% in rip lines. In maize, the newly introduced conservation farming tillage practices increased the grain yield by 78% on average, relative to conventional practices. Apparently, conservation farming tillage methods proved beneficial relative to conventional methods on degraded soils, with the short-term benefit of increasing land productivity leading to better harvests and food security.

English

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important source of dietary protein in Uganda but current grain yields are low. Production is particularly low on the degraded Ferralsol soils that dominate the landscape because these soils are generally weathered, acidic and infertile. A study was done on a Ferralsol soil in Masaka District, Uganda to compare productivity and economic return to labor and management (ERLM) for four bean cultivars grown under three management systems. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement. Management system was the whole-plot factor and included the Conventional Farmer (CFS), Improved Farmer (IFS), and High Input systems (HIS). Management systems differed for seed fungicide treatment (no vs. yes), seeding density (10 vs. 20 seed m-2), plant configuration (scatter vs. rows), fertilizer applications (P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and S), rhizobium inoculation (no vs. yes), pesticide applications (no vs. yes), and frequency and timing of weeding. Subplots were four common bean cultivars that differed for resistance to foliar pathogens and the ability to tolerate low soil fertility. Increasing management level and planting bean cultivars tolerant to common bean diseases and low soil fertility improved bean grain yield. The only grain yield differences observed were between cultivars in the 2015A season; NABE 14 had greatest grain yield, 168% greater than that of NABE 15. The HIS with NABE 14 (1274 kg ha-1), the HIS with NABE 4 (1225 kg ha-1), and the IFS with NABE 14 (1025 kg ha-1) had the greatest grain yield. The ERLM was only profitable for the CFS ($40 ha-1); cultivars did not differ. Farmers planting bean on Ferralsol soil can improve yields with higher input systems but the tested systems were not profitable. &nbsp; Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., soil fertility, crop management systems, improved cultivars, profitability.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para ferro, zinco, magnésio e fósforo em grãos de feijão

Information about genetic parameters is required for the development of cultivars with higher nutritional value. In this sense, this study aimed to estimate the following genetic parameters: genetic variances, heritability coefficients in narrow and broad sense and predict the selection gain for the Fe, Zn, Mg and P contents in common bean grains. The crosses were made between cultivars: FT Nobre x IPR Gralha and Diamante Negro x IPR Chopim. The genitors (P1 and P2) were crossed resulting in F1 and F2 generations and backcrosses BC1 (P1 x F1) and BC2 (P2 x RC2). The mineral contents of Fe, Zn, Mg and P in grains were measured by nitric-perchloric digestion using atomic emission spectrometry coupled with plasma (ICP-OES). The predicted gains for the first cycle of selection were positive, indicating the viability of the increaseof the minerals Fe, Zn, Mg and P levels on common bean grains using classical breeding methods. The prediction gains obtained in the first cycle of selection resulted in values ranging from 3.24% to 15.48% for Mg and Fe, respectively. Heritability estimates in narrow sense ranged from 29.48% to 62.04% and the broad range sense heritability ranged from 45.14% to 76.36%.

Culinary and nutritional quality of common bean lines with Carioca grain type and interaction with environments

ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to study the genetic variability and the interaction between genotypes and environments for cooking time and protein content of bean grains as well as to identify elite lines of Carioca grain type with short cooking time, high protein content and high adaptability and stability for these two traits. Sixteen experiments were conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications during the rainy, dry and winter seasons, in Goiás, Distrito Federal, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia and Paraná States, in 2009 and 2010. Each trial was composed by 16 elite lines of Carioca grain type and the data of cooking time and protein content were obtained. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and to stability and adaptability analysis, according to the methodology proposed by Annichiarico. Genetic variability was found for cooking time and for protein content among Carioca common bean elite lines; however, for protein content this variability is lower. The environmental effect is important for the expression of these traits and is larger than the genetic effect. The interaction between genotypes and environments is important for cooking time and for protein content of common beans. The lines CNFC 11951 and CNFC 11962 presents short cooking time, high protein content and high stability and adaptability for both traits.

Bioprocessing of common beans in diets for tilapia: in vivo digestibility and antinutritional factors.

Bioprocessing of ingredients by solid-state fermentation is a low-cost technique for preparing diets. It is performed by adding microorganisms such as Rhizopus oligosporus to bean grains, achieving minimal degradation of nutrients and a significant improvement in digestibility. In particular, fermentation induces favorable changes in beans by reducing enzyme inhibitors, such as phytates and tannins. Fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the protein content and digestibility of dry matter and protein compared with whole bean grains, and decreased the content of lipids, ash and phytic acid. Hardening did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect on the chemical content of beans and digestibility of diets. The dehulled bean meal significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein and lipid content and digestibility of dry matter and protein of beans, and decreased fiber, ash and tannin content. The chemical content of beans and digestibility of ingredients compare favorably with those reported by other authors, indicating the benefits of fermentation and dehulling. We concluded that bean meal obtained from fermentation or dehulling represents a low-cost alternative for diets for tilapia. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

English

Periodic assessment of released common bean cultivars is essential to screen genotypes that offer superior intercropping advantage to farmers when grown in association with maize. Thus, comparative performance of improved genotypes representing commonly used growth habit and market classes were investigated under sole and intercropping system at Halaba special district, Southern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of seven common bean genotypes and two cropping systems, which were arranged in a split plot design replicated three times. Cropping system and genotype were assigned as main and sub plot factors, respectively. Cropping system by genotype interaction was significant for bean grain yield and two of the yield components causing moderate changes in ranking. Relative yield reduction due to association with maize varied from 26% for genotype Sari-1 (Type II) to 67% for Awash Melka (Type III), while maize suffered a smaller reduction, 7%. The total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values under intercropping with maize ranged from 1.34 for the improved Hawassa Dume (Type II) to 1.01 for the local cultivar, Red Wolayita (Type III). Genotypes with greater LER were not necessarily all top yielders under sole cropping, because of the genotype by cropping system interaction. Bush and semi bush (Type I and II) types produced the highest intercropping advantage, as a group. The two export bean types, which have a semi climbing (Type III) growth pattern, had the lowest LER values among the improved genotypes. Genotypes such as Hawassa Dume and Sari-1 are preferred to the conventionally used cultivars for maximizing intercropping advantage. Developing bush type export genotypes may help broaden their expansion outside their traditional zones since better performance under intercropping could attract more farmers to adopt them. Key words: Bush types, genotype, interaction, intercropping efficiency, semi climbing types.

Industrial processing of canned beans

ABSTRACT: Beans are popular as a protein-filled legume of high nutritional value, being one of the most planted species in the world. However, recent years have seen a decrease in the consumption of beans, owing to the time necessary to cook it domestically. Thus, it is being replaced in people’s diets by other foods. An alternative preparation that supplies modern consumers’ demands is industrially processed beans. This article aimed to provide a literature review on the processing of canned beans. Few recent studies have been performed in Brazil on this subject, as most studies have focused instead on the technological quality of dry bean grains processing. In this article industrial processing concepts and features, production unit operations, and canned beans quality standards will be discussed. These efforts are expected to contribute to the Brazilian beans production chain, and consequently to increase consumption of canned beans and the demand for industrial processing of beans in both the domestic market and future product exports.