Bean-curd Refuse Research Articles

オカラ(豆腐粕)の堆肥化における混合資材の検討

オカラ(豆腐粕)の堆肥化における混合資材の検討

표고 신품종 '풍년고'의 아미노산 함량 분석

본 실험은 표고 톱밥재배에서 배지 부영양원 종류와 버섯발생 온도에 따라 버섯의 아미노산 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 배지는 톱밥과 부영양원(미강, 보리, 콩비지, 홍삼박)의 비율이 8:2에 칼슘 0.5% 첨가와 미첨가 등 8처리구로 하였다. 버섯의 발생온도는 저온(<TEX>$13{\sim}15^{\circ}C$</TEX>), 중온(<TEX>$18{\sim}20^{\circ}C$</TEX>), 고온(<TEX>$24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$</TEX>)으로 처리하였다. 아미노산은 모든 처리구에 17종이 검출되었고 영양원 종류에 따라 성분차이들이 나타났다. 총아미노산 함량은 홍삼박 배지에서 209.7 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 가장 많이 검출된 아미노산은 글루탐산이었고 보리배지에 51.3 mg/g 이었다. 버섯발생 온도처리 조건에서 총아미노산 함량은 중온에서 38.2%, 저온에서 32.5%, 고온에서 29.3% 순으로 나타났고, 중온과 저온 조건에서 아미노산 함량 순위는 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 표고의 맛과 기능성을 갖는 아미노산의 종류를 제시하는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. In this study, we investigated the amino acids content of shiitake mushrooms grown in eight different media and under three different temperature conditions. The sawdust media were supplemented with 4 kinds of nutrients - rice bran, barley, bean curd refuse, and red ginseng refuse in an 8:2 ratio with or without 0.5% calcium chloride, and the fruiting temperature was set to low (<TEX>$13-15^{\circ}C$</TEX>), medium (<TEX>$18-20^{\circ}C$</TEX>), or high temperatures (<TEX>$24-26^{\circ}C$</TEX>). Seventeen amino acids were detected, and the content varied depending on the compositions of the media. The highest total amino acid content (209.7 mg/g) was measured in mushrooms from the media with red ginseng refuse, and the glutamic acid content was the highest (51.3 mg/g) in mushrooms from the media with barley. In terms of fruiting temperature, the amino acid content was the highest (38.2%) at medium temperature followed by the content at low (32.5%) and high temperature (29.3%). The amino acid composition of shiitake mushrooms was similar between the medium and low temperature conditions.

High and Rapid L-lactic Acid Production by Alkaliphilic Enterococcus sp. by Adding Wheat Bran Hydrolysate

Two strains of alkaliphilic lactic acid bacteria, L-120 and AY103, which can produce L-lactic acid extensively, were isolated during trials of L-lactic acid production under unsterilized conditions at pH 9. Strains L-120 and AY103 are similar to Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was found that wheat bran hydrolysate (1.5 or 3.0% dry w/v) strongly stimulates the production of lactic acid in both strains. Strain L-120 produced 149 g L-1 L-lactic acid at 35°C under pH 9 from 180 g L-1 glucose with the production rate of 3.9 g L-1 h-1. Strain AY103 produced 153 g L-1 L-lactic acid from 180 g L-1 glucose with the production rate of 4.2 g L-1 h-1. Both strains produced high-optical-purity (100%) L-lactic acid. In addition, strain L-120 produced 12% (w/v) L-lactic acid from degraded inedible materials, i.e., rice straw and soy bean curd refuse, within 72 h under unsterilized conditions. The obtained results indicate that these two strains are very useful for Llactic acid production with the advantages of high productivity and rapid production with reduced costs of product purification, raw materials and fermenter sterilization.

잎새버섯 병재배 시 배지조성비율에 따른 재배 특성

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum rate of substrate composition in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa and had three rates of substrate composition of 67:11:22(T1), 68:15:17(T2) and 74:14:12(T3) as mixing rate of weight of dried oak sawdust, dried corn husk and dried bean-curd refuse. The rate of primordia formation of T3 was 65.8% which was lowest among all treatments. Contraction rate of disease of T1 was 9.8% which was highest among all treatments. Harvesting rate of T2 was 70.5% which was highest among all treatments. Fruit body weights per bottle of T1 and T2 were 85.5 g, 83.3 g respectively and there was not significant difference between those. Yield per 10,000 bottles of T2 was 587 kg and was 7%, 28% higher than those of T1 and T3, respectively. As a result, the rate of substrate composition of 68:15:17(T2) as mixing rate of weight of dried oak sawdust, dried corn husk and dried bean-curd refuse was appeared as optimum rate of substrate composition in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa..

Decomposition Kinetics of Bean Curd Refuse in Hot Compressed Water at Saturated Steam Pressure

Decomposition Kinetics of Bean Curd Refuse in Hot Compressed Water at Saturated Steam Pressure

A Study on Total Mixed Ration Feeding System for Feeding Pigs (1) - Development of Monorail Traveling TMR Feeder for Grow-Finish Pigs -

Purpose: Recent research showed that total mixed ration (TMR) feeding for pigs improved the productivity and reduced feed cost and manure odor. An automatic TMR feeding system was developed for this study because the conventional feeder cannot deliver the TMR containing roughage. Methods: Conventional feeding systems and physical properties of TMR were surveyed, and performance tests of the conventional feeder were conducted to develop a TMR feeder. Based on the TMR feeder was developed and installed, driving, measuring weight, radio frequency identification (RFID) reading, and discharging test for feeding were conducted to ensure the performance. Results: Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 1 (mixture of 30% cut IRG silage and 70% concentrates) were 31.6%, 387 <TEX>$kg/m^3$</TEX>, and <TEX>$51^{\circ}$</TEX>, respectively. Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 2 (mixture of 45% concentrates, 30% cut IRG silage and by-products, 10% bean curd refuse, 10% others, and 5% fermenter) were 22.2%, 544 <TEX>$kg/m^3$</TEX>, and <TEX>$50^{\circ}$</TEX>, respectively. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of conventional concentrate feeding were 1.9~4.1%, and C.V. of TMR containing 1~3% cut IRG roughage feeding by conventional feeder were 9~42%. The conventional disc type feeder was not suitable for TMR feeding because the supply unit was clogged. The C.V. of TMR 1 was 0.6~7.9% when 0.5~10 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs and sows. On the contrary, the C.V. with TMR 2 was 28% when 0.5 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was not suitable for feeding sows. Conclusions: The TMR feeder developed in this study was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs because the feeder performed stably with over 5.0 kg feed. However, the feeder showed a lack of accuracy for feeding sows because the amount of each feed was more than 0.5 kg per a feeding. Therefore, the improvement of outlet structure for accurate feeding is needed for sow feeding.

電解処理バイオマスの発酵原料としての利用

In the current study, the usability of weed and bean curd refuse pretreated with 30V of a direct electric current was investigated for acetic acid fermentation and hydrogen production, respectively. The solubilization and the elution of soluble substances such as polysaccharides were enhanced by pretreatment. Moreover, the contaminants attached to the surface of the raw materials were sterilized by pretreatment. Acetic acid fermentation from pretreated weed performed satisfactory and the culture broth exhibited an antibacterial activity against bacteria. Also, the amount of hydrogen produced from the pretreated bean curd refuse totaled twice as much as that from untreated bean curd refuse.

Gasification of bean curd refuse with carbon supported noble metal catalysts in supercritical water

Abstract Gasification of bean curd refuse was examined in the presence of carbon supported noble metal catalysts in sub- and supercritical water from 473 K to 673 K. The activity of catalyst was in the order of Ru/C >> Rh/C > Pt/C > Pd/C. The effect of reaction condition with Ru/C catalyst was examined in detail. In the presence of catalyst and water, bean curd refuse decomposed to intermediates and then intermediates were gasified. The main gas products were methane and carbon dioxide. The sum of the yield of gases significantly increased with increase in water density at 673 K. The highest total gas yield in a carbon basis was 76% at 673 K and 0.5 g/cm 3 of water density. The yield of gases increased with increasing temperature especially above 623 K at initial water density of 0.5 g/cm 3 . The experiments changing temperature profile revealed that rapid heating was effective for the gasification because rapid heating probably prevented the formation of heavier components in low temperature region.

Effect of mixing bean-curd refuse &quot;okara&quot; into cattle feces on multiplication of Bacillus in compost that control disease of crops

Effect of mixing bean-curd refuse &quot;okara&quot; into cattle feces on multiplication of Bacillus in compost that control disease of crops

Effect of Components on the Physical Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Effect of Components on the Physical Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Mechanical Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Thermal Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Thermal Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Biodegradability and Thermal Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Biodegradability and Thermal Properties of Polyurethanes Derived from Bean-Curd Refuse

Drying characteristics of bean-curd refuse

Drying characteristics of bean-curd refuse were investigated using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer in order to determine the drying rate. Drying temperature and the physical sample size were the controlled experimental variables. The drying mechanism of bean-curd refuse was found to closely follow the unreacted core model that considered the zero order on gas reactant concentration and a solid particle of unchanging size. The drying reaction step was found to be the dominant factor in the drying mechanism. The activation energy of the drying rate was 21.25 kJ/g mol. The following empirical correlation was proposed for the fractional conversion of drying t = 4.644 × 10 6 R p 2.628 e E / R T { 1 − ( 1 − X ) 1 / 3 } .

잎새버섯 봉지재배에 적합한 배지조성 연구

This study was carried out to develop artificial culture method of Grifola frondosa in polypropylene bag. To find out the favorable substrate formulation of G. frondosa, physicochemical conditions were investigated. The T2 formulation (55 : 25 : 12 : 8) mixing ratio of oak sawdust, oak chip, dried bean-curd refuse and wheat bran showed the shortest time to complete the crop cycle and the highest yield (weight of fresh mushrooms harvested at maturity). Those physicochemical conditions were pH 4.3, 2.4% crude fat contents, 54.1% total carbon, 1.42% total nitrogen, 38.1 C/N ratio, 75.5% porosity and bulk density. Among the physicochemical factors, pH, crude fat and total nitrogen may affect mushroom yield. Therefore, development of favorable substrate would be benefit to increase production efficiency of G. frondosa, mushrooms and be commercial potential.

Protective Effects of Wheat Bran against Diquat Toxicity in Male Fischer-344 Rats

After injection with 0.1 mmol diquat/kg body weight, survival time was markedly shorter in Fischer-344 rats fed a purified diet than in rats fed a regular diet, and much more severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were observed in the former than in the latter. The longer the feeding period on the purified diet, the shorter the survival time after diquat administration. These results indicate that the purified diet lacked components present in the regular diet that had protective effects against diquat toxicity. These two diets had nearly the same composition and content of vitamins and minerals. We tested the ingredients of the regular diet to determine which ones reduce diquat toxicity. We found that wheat bran had a protective effect, but that rice bran and bean-curd refuse (okara) did not.

An ability of isolated strains to efficiently cooperate in ethanolic fermentation of agricultural plant refuse under initially aerobic thermophilic conditions: Oxygen deletion process appended to consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)

For bioconversion of bean curd refuse, a processing by-product of bean curd, ethanol-producing anaerobic thermophiles (strains kpu03 and kpu04) were newly isolated. Both of them degraded hemicellulose, but not cellulose at all. Phylogenetically, strains kpu03 and kpu04 belong to the Clostridium and Thermoanaerobacterium genus, respectively. Aerobic thermophiles degrading cellulose were also isolated newly. Among them, strain kpuB3 particularly enhanced ethanol production by anaerobic strain kpu04 in the aerobic bean curd refuse medium. Strain kpuB3 belongs to the Geobacillus genus phylogenetically. The co-culture also significantly reduced CH 3SH production, leading to the prevention of offensive odor. These results demonstrate that cellulolytic aerobe cooperated with hemicellulolytic anaerobe in ethanolic fermentation by not only synergistic effect but also deletion of oxygen from the vessels, providing a new model of oxygen deletion process appended to consolidated bioprocessing (CBP).

下水汚泥を対象とした熱噴流乾燥機の乾燥性能

Authors have been developing a thermal jet dryer for the purpose of weight and volume reduction and recycling of organic sludge dehydrated cake. A new sludge feeding system was introduced to avoid the compression of the sludge in a screw feeder. Sewage sludge was able to be dried by this improvement. The experimental results for the sewage sludge were compared with those of bean curd refuse and waste water sludge from a dye works. The simulations of the air-solid multiphase flow accompanying drying process were made using a CFD software and its results were compared with the experimental ones.(1) There was little difference about the particles' average residence times in the drying tank for three samples, although experimental results showed large difference about the effective diameters of dried product. Therefore, there is little influence of disintegration, drying, kinds and physical properties of samples on the fundamental particles' flow.(2) CFD calculations of particles' trajectories with heat transfer and drying were made by two-way coupling method. Similar calculation results were obtained with the experimental data for setting the vertical restitution coefficient between particles-wall to 1, and setting the horizontal one to 0.6-0.7. In order to carry out better predictions, development of the disintegration process model is needed.(3) Unlike conventional pneumatic dryers or rotary dryers, the particles in the drying tank are in the almost same drying conditions through the drying process. Moreover, it turned out that a gas-solid multiphase flow in the drying tank is assumed to be a complete-mixing flow.

Methane fermentation of bean curd refuse

The methane fermentation of bean curd refuse was studied in a 1 l reactor with a draft tube which was operated in a fed-batch mode with a once-a-day feeding cycle using two kinds of methanogens. The effects of substrate loading rate on the methane yield and on the behaviors of the product species were examined. A unified approach was employed for the material balance between the substrate (reactant) and product species based on the elemental carbon content in the species being considered. The classified product species are methane and carbon dioxide in the gas phase, soluble TOCs excluding VFAs, ICs and VFAs in the liquid phase and cells, and the unconverted substrate in the solid phase. It is found that the methane yield increases with the increasing substrate loading rate, reaches a maximum and then decreases with a further increasing loading rate. The maximum methane yield is found to be as high as 53.7% which is very close to the theoretical yield of 55%. It is also found that there is a critical substrate loading rate beyond which the operation becomes impossible due to excessive accumulation of unconverted solids.

Methane Fermentation of Bean Curd Refuse.

The methane fermentation of bean curd refuse was studied in a 1 l reactor with a draft tube which was operated in a fed-batch mode with a once-a-day feeding cycle using two kinds of methanogens. The effects of substrate loading rate on the methane yield and on the behaviors of the product species were examined. A unified approach was employed for the material balance between the substrate (reactant) and product species based on the elemental carbon content in the species being considered. The classified product species are methane and carbon dioxide in the gas phase, soluble TOCs excluding VFAs, ICs and VFAs in the liquid phase and cells, and the unconverted substrate in the solid phase. It is found that the methane yield increases with the increasing substrate loading rate, reaches a maximum and then decreases with a further increasing loading rate. The maximum methane yield is found to be as high as 53.7% which is very close to the theoretical yield of 55%. It is also found that there is a critical substrate loading rate beyond which the operation becomes impossible due to excessive accumulation of unconverted solids.