Beach Soccer Research Articles

Effect of 12 weeks of modified FIFA 11+ training on functional factors of male beach soccer players: A Randomized Controlled Trial study

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of modified FIFA 11+ training on functional factors of beach soccer players. The study is an RCT. Forty subjects divided to two control and exercise groups. functional factors was collected by the Bosco jump test on the force plate. repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare, between groups and the intervention group, as well as the effect of intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS at the significant level of 0.05. The result showed that Bosco index (F1,38 = 42.85, p <0.001), power index (F1,38 = 12.33, p = 0.001) and equilibrium index (F1,38 = 127.11, p = 0.001) were increased after intervention. The time × group interaction for the Bosco-index was significant. The modified FIFA 11+ which performed in the sand had an effect on functional factors. these exercises are recommended for beach soccer players to improve their performance. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar el efecto del entrenamiento modificado de FIFA 11+ sobre los factores funcionales de los jugadores de fútbol playa. El estudio es un ECA. Cuarenta sujetos divididos en dos grupos de control y de ejercicio. Los factores funcionales se recogieron mediante el test de salto de Bosco sobre la plataforma de fuerza. Se utilizó ANOVA de medidas repetidas para comparar, entre los grupos y el grupo de intervención, así como el efecto de la intervención. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron utilizando SPSS al nivel significativo de 0.05. El resultado mostró que el índice de Bosco (F1,38 = 42.85, p <0.001), el índice de poder (F1,38 = 12.33, p = 0.001) y el índice de equilibrio (F1,38 = 127.11, p = 0.001) aumentaron después de la intervención. La interacción tiempo × grupo para el índice de Bosco fue significativa. El FIFA 11+ modificado que se desarrolló en la arena influyó en los factores funcionales. Estos ejercicios están recomendados a los jugadores de fútbol playa para mejorar su rendimiento. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito do treinamento modificado do FIFA 11+ nos fatores funcionais de jogadores de futebol de areia. O estudo é um ECR. Quarenta sujeitos divididos em dois grupos controle e exercício. os fatores funcionais foram coletados pelo teste de salto Bosco na plataforma de força. ANOVA de medidas repetidas foi utilizada para comparar entre os grupos e o grupo intervenção, bem como o efeito da intervenção. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no SPSS ao nível de significância de 0.05. O resultado mostrou que o índice de Bosco (F1,38 = 42.85, p <0.001), índice de potência (F1,38 = 12.33, p = 0.001) e índice de equilíbrio (F1,38 = 127.11, p = 0.001) aumentaram após a intervenção. A interação tempo x grupo para o índice Bosco foi significativa. O FIFA 11+ modificado que atuou na areia teve efeito nos fatores funcionais. esses exercícios são recomendados para jogadores de futebol de praia melhorarem seu desempenho.

DECISION-MAKING OF FOOTBALL REFEREES BEHIND CLOSED DOORS: PSYCHOLOGICAL, COMMUNICATIVE, AND FUNCTIONAL FACTORS

DECISION-MAKING OF FOOTBALL REFEREES BEHIND CLOSED DOORS: PSYCHOLOGICAL, COMMUNICATIVE, AND FUNCTIONAL FACTORS

What do we know about beach soccer injuries? Systematic video analysis of four consecutive years with 580 match injuries

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of match injury in male beach soccer players. Video recordings of all official beach soccer tournaments in which the European national male beach soccer teams participated from 2018 to 2021 were analysed by two sports medicine specialists retrospectively. Regarding each injury, data including the mechanism, location of the injury, whether the injury led to time-loss, and the relationship of the injury to the bicycle kick (BK), etc. were documented. A total of 632 injuries were documented, corresponding to 234.9 injuries/1000 player hours. Video footage was available for 580 injuries. Whilst 79.8% of medical attention injuries occurred due to opponent contact, 19.5% of time-loss injuries occurred due to non-contact, and 12.2% of indirect opponent contact (p < 0.01). The most common location of the BK related injury was the head/neck (68.7%), whereas most common location of the BK unrelated injury was the lower extremity (54.1%) (p < 0.01). The findings demonstrated that beach soccer injury incidence was quite high; the most common injury location was head/neck and head/neck injuries were associated with BK. In light of these results, some rule regulations, particularly those associated with BK, and the use of protective equipment should be considered to prevent these injuries.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-acceptance-commitment based approach for Rumination, Cognitive Flexibility and Sports Performance of Elite Players of Beach Soccer: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 2-months Follow-up.

There is little research on the effectiveness of new approaches to psychology, including mindfulness-acceptance-commitment, especially in team disciplines. Therefore, this study compared mindfulness-acceptance and commitment-based approaches to rumination, cognitive flexibility, and sports performance of elite beach soccer players during a two-month follow-up. The research design consisted of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with follow-up. Thus, 34 players of the premier league of beach soccer were randomly divided into intervention and control groups based on mindfulness acceptance and commitment. The experimental group exercises consisted of one session per week for 7 weeks and daily homework. Participants filled out the questionnaires of the Ruminative Response Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Sports Performance Questionnaire before, after, and at two months of follow-up of the intervention. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to evaluate the changes over time and compare the scores of the subjects of the two groups. The results showed a significant difference in mindfulness-acceptance and commitment intervention in the experimental group on pre- vs. post-test and pre-test vs. follow-up scores of research variables. Also, a comparison of groups using independent T-test analysis showed a significant effect of mindfulness-acceptance and commitment exercises on research variables in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages. Findings suggest that mindfulness, commitment, and acceptance exercises can be used as a new method to reduce rumination and increase cognitive flexibility and sports performance of elite beach soccer players.

Organization of the educational and training progress at the initial stage of beach soccer

The article examines the organization of the educational and training process of athletes at the initial stage of the long-term training system in the beach soccer. The emergence of this type of sport is due to increasing attention to a healthy lifestyle, popularization of physical activity, rational combination of work and rest. The search for new forms of leisure to combine sports and recreation led to the emergence of a new group of beach sports: beach volleyball, handball, football. These types are rapidly spreading in the world due to their availability, availability of geographical conditions for development in many countries of the world, spectacularity and commercial attractiveness, development of the resort business.&#x0D; Beach football is based on the rules of the game of big football. According to its characteristics, beach football combines two types of football – traditional and futsal. The physical training of the players is similar to football, and the tactical interaction is similar to futsal. The emergence of a new sport, an increase in the number of competitions, and the desire to increase sports achievements require scientific research in the training of high-class beach soccer athletes. The initial stage of preparation is an important phase for children to increase the interest in beach soccer and requires thorough planning. At the initial stage, the feeling of joy and satisfaction from practicing this sport is formed, which will give an opportunity to work hard to achieve sports peaks in the future. The main task at this stage is the harmonious physical development of pupils, increasing the level of their functional readiness and motivation for classes in the sports school. This stage requires the coach-teacher to have in-depth knowledge of the physiology of the child's body and age-related psychology and the use of special pedagogical training methods. Peculiarities of the dribbling technique and heavy physical exertion during the game on a sand court necessitate the development of special programs of physical, technical, and tactical training for this sport, which are reflected in the plan-scheme of the annual training cycle.

Team management in beach soccer competitions

The article presents the results of data analysis of special literature and generalization of practical experience of coaches on the problem of team management in beach soccer competitions. The purpose of the work is to identify and group system factors that will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of team management in beach soccer competitions. To achieve the goal, theoretical analysis and generalization of special, scientific and methodical literature were used; pedagogical observation; poll; generalization of practical experience of trainers; methods of mathematical statistics. The system factors of operative and strategic management of the beach soccer team, which are of great importance for achieving sports results, have been identified. It has been established that the operational management of the beach soccer team is carried out during its preparation and participation in the nearest calendar game or in a separate match, in turn, strategic management of the team during the entire competitive period (championship, cup games, tournament, etc.). The factors of the components of the management system, which significantly contribute to solving the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the management of the beach soccer team that competes, are established, as evidenced by the positive feedback of the interviewed coaches. Competition in game sports is one of the main sections of the sports training system, which determines the degree of physical, technical-tactical and moral-will training of players and the team as a whole, as well as the state and orientation of the educational and training process.&#x0D; A particularly complex and specific process is the management of a beach soccer team that competes in competitions, where professional knowledge, understanding of psychology, players' capabilities, tact and principledness of the coach significantly contribute to the achievement of the planned results.

Comparison of dynamic balance among football, futsal, and beach soccer players

Objective: Although football, futsal, and beach soccer have relatively different physiological requirements and playing on different surfaces is likely to impact dynamic balance at different levels, there is no study evaluating the dynamic balance of football, futsal, and beach soccer players. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the dynamic balance of football, futsal, and beach soccer players. Material and Methods: A total of 114 amateur male players registered with the Turkish Football Federation participated in the study. They were divided into three sub-groups according to their sports disciplines: football (n=41), futsal (n=39), and beach football (n=34). The modified star excursion balance test with four outcomes for each extremity as anterior (A), posterior lateral (PL), posterior medial (PM), and composite (C) score was used to measure dynamic balance. Results: Dominant side PL and C scores (p&lt;0.01, ES=0.10; p&lt;0.01, ES=0.11; respectively), and non-dominant side A, PL and C scores of beach soccer players were significantly higher comparing to futsal players (p=0.01, ES=0.07; p&lt;0.01, ES=0.08; p&lt;0.01, ES=0.08; respectively). Also, dominant side C scores of beach soccer players were significantly higher than football players (p&lt;0.02, ES=0.11). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that the dynamic balance profile of beach soccer players was better compared with futsal players. In light of present study results, it may be beneficial for players from different sports disciplines to train on sand in order to improve dynamic balance.

The effect of plyometric exercises to develop some physical and skill abilities and functional measurements of beach soccer players

Importance of research was revealed in the plyometric training method And its impact on the variables under study, which are among the essential pillars to provide a reasonable level for the team, the speed of moving, jumping, receiving, and handing over. Scoring offset continuation with the performance of skills throughout the match time, and as it's known that the beach soccer game needs the speed of execution and to repeat those skills in a way Fast and repetitive throughout the game and the privacy of the game due to the small area and speed of movement in the stadium.The research problem was in the following question: Do plyometric exercises affect some of the physical abilities, skills, and functional measurements of Qalaat Saleh players in beach soccer?The research aims to identify the effect of plyometric exercises on the level of some physical abilities, skills, and functional measurements of Qalaat Saleh players in beach soccer. The researcher relied on the experimental method for the nature of solving the research (problem, and the research sample of (12 players from Qalaat Saleh Club for the first degree included The beach, where the researcher concluded through this study an improvement in the level of physical abilities, skills, and functional measurements.

Associations between Training Load and Well-Being in Elite Beach Soccer Players: A Case Report.

The current case study aimed to quantify within-subjects correlations between training load and well-being in elite male beach soccer players. Data were obtained over three consecutive days during the preparation camp for the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Russia 2021. The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and external training load metrics using global positioning system (GPS) were recorded. Eleven players reported perceived well-being (sleep quality, fatigue, muscle soreness and stress) using a Likert scale (Hooper Index) before breakfast. Within-subjects correlation coefficients between workload and well-being were calculated. Workload metrics and perceived well-being indices were significantly lower on day three than on days one and two. The Hooper Index presented a very large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.86 [0.67, 0.94], 95% confidence interval, CI), exposure time (r = 0.88 [0.71, 0.95]), total distance (r = 0.83 [0.60, 0.93]), high-speed distance (r = 0.77 [0.50, 0.91]), and number of sprints (r = 0.75 [0.47, 0.90]). Sleep quality presented a moderate to large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.51 [0.11, 0.77]), exposure time (r = 0.50 [0.10, 0.76]), high-speed distance (r = 0.53 [0.15, 0.78]), number of sprints (r = 0.62 [0.28, 0.83]) and total distance (r = 0.41 [0.18, 0.78]). Fatigue presented a large to very large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.85 [0.66, 0.94]), exposure time (r = 0.90 [0.78, 0.96]), total distance (r = 0.86 [0.68, 0.94]), high-speed distance (r = 0.65 [0.31, 0.84]) and number of sprints (r = 0.56 [0.18, 0.79]). Muscle soreness presented a large to very large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.79 [0.56, 0.91]), exposure time (r = 0.83 [0.62, 0.93]), total distance (r = 0.81 [0.59, 0.92]), high-speed distance (r = 0.75 [0.47, 0.89]) and number of sprints (r = 0.59 [0.22, 0.81]). Overall, workload presented a meaningful correlation with perceived well-being indices in elite male beach soccer players during a training camp. These findings suggest that workload metrics and perceived well-being indices can be implemented into the daily routine of an elite beach soccer team, which may assist coaches, sports scientists, and practitioners in better preparing players for beach soccer competitions.

A Luxação do menisco externo – um caso clínico raro

In the postero-external angle of the knee there are many supportive structures important for knee stability. The pathology is complex, in diagnosis and treatment. Despite the athlete’s recurring complaints, physical examination and MRI may be normal and the diagnosis may be delayed. Dislocation of the external meniscus is difficult to diagnose, often taking time if there is no high level of suspicion and especially if there is no associated meniscal rupture. The treatment is surgical-arthroscopic and consists of suturing the poplitomenomeniscal fascicles and associated injuries. The return to sport takes a long time, never less than three months. The authors describe the clinical case that occurred in a professional beach soccer player.

Analysis of goal scoring patterns and match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019

Aim: To characterize the goal-scoring patterns and investigate the goal process on match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019. Methods: A set of 35 goal-scoring patterns were grouped into nine macro-categories: Match-period, Court-zone, Set-play, Open-play, Touching by players before the goal, Offensive method, Goalkeeper-line, Number of passes before the goal, and Ball trajectory. Match outcome in regular time was considered the matches resulting in a loss (n=16), draw (n=8), or win (n=16). The offensive sequences that resulted in the goal were analyzed in all 20 matches during the competition (n=138 goals). Results: The most goals were scored in Open-play (69%), during the 2nd and 3rd periods (36% for each), near to goal (Zone 4; 50%), preceded by 1-touch (67%) and 0-pass (29%), using positional attack (46%), without goalkeeper-line (68%), and with high-ball trajectory (51%). In addition, won matches presented a higher number of goals in Zone 4, 1-touch, Counterattack, 4v4 goal-successful, Receiving pass, Sand-touch, and High-ball compared to draw and loss matches (p<0.001−0.03; Effect Size [ES]=1.24−2.58, large). Conclusion: In summary, winning teams scored their goals mainly in open-play situations and without a goalkeeper-line, using counterattacks to achieve zones near the opponent's goals, and implementing a direct offensive style. In addition, goals scored were usually preceded by 1-touch, both through high-ball and sand-touch ball trajectory. Coaches and practitioners may consider these goal processes to train prescription and deep understanding of the process to goal in elite Beach soccer.

Observational study of the goals scored and received by the spanish national team in the Euro beach soccer 2016 in Sanxenxo and Moscow

Introducción: El fútbol playa comenzó en Brasil, más concretamente en la playa Leme de Río de Janeiro y ha crecido para llegar a ser un deporte internacional. Objetivo: Analizar las acciones defensivas y ofensivas, que terminan en gol a favor y en contra de la selección española, en la Euro Beach Soccer League, que tuvo lugar en julio de 2016, en España y en Moscú. Los goles totales analizados fueron 47 y el número de partidos fue de 6, destacando el interés que genera al analizar el equipo campeón, de esa edición. Metodología: Análisis observacional, mediante un instrumento de observación (LINCE) y un instrumento de registro Match Visión Studio Premium v.1.0. software. Los resultados, determinados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis secuencial de T-Patterns, obtenido mediante el programa Theme 5.0 software. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las fases de ataque son, en su mayor parte, por medio de acciones combinativas. Conclusiones: La superioridad de los equipos que juegan en su propio país (Rusia y España) parece clara, quizás excesiva, respecto al resto de equipos que participan durante la Eurocopa, debido a que se ve incrementada la probabilidad que se consiga un número elevado de goles a favor (> 4 goles), en un partido.

A STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE OF GOALS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCORING THE FIRST GOAL AND WINNING THE MATCH IN THE HUNGARIAN BEACH SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP

Although beach soccer has become increasingly popular in recent years an only a minimal number of scientific research has been conducted in this area. The beach soccer is characterized by high intensity (HR max above 90 %) intermittent movements, which primarily requires the involvement of the anaerobic metabolic system. The objective of this study was: (i) to analyze the incidence of goals in the Hungarian Beach Soccer Championship in relation to the periods of the game that tend to occur; (ii) to identify the team that scored the first goal of the game, analyzing the influence of this event on the final result (iii) to identify and quantify the periods of the match won by the winner team. We examined all the goals (n = 1.065) in the Hungarian Championship (2016-2017) of beach soccer. We found that nearly 38 percent of goals are scored in the last period of the matches, the team that scores the first goal of the game features an average 74.44 percent probability of winning. We observed, that almost 24 percent of the teams, which achieved overall success also earned the 1st and 3rd periods. Thus, it is suggested that the higher incidence of goals in the 3rd period of the matches is associated mainly with the interaction of physical and psychological factors. Regarding the influence of the first goal on the final result, we assumed that the psychological factor appears to interfere with greater relevance.

Is Perceived Athlete Leadership Quality Related to Inside Sacrifice and Perceived Performance in Team Sports? The Mediating Role of Team Identification.

The study aimed to analyze the relationship between athletes' perceptions of athlete leadership quality, team identification, inside sacrifice, and performance. A total of 299 players of collective sports (soccer, beach soccer, basketball, volleyball; Mage 19.05, SD = 5.10) participated through a cross-sectional design survey. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results highlight the positive relationships between perceived quality of athlete leaders, inside sacrifice, and perceived performance, and between inside sacrifice and perceived performance. Furthermore, inside sacrifice perceived by the athletes was a positive mediator between perceived athlete leadership quality and perceived performance. Also, team identification was a positive mediator in the association between inside sacrifice and perceived performance. These findings extend knowledge about the athlete leadership quality context. These results can also be useful for further research and implications in team sports' performance, as coaches and sports psychologists would have more information about their teams' perceptions of leadership quality to achieve positive outcomes in players' inside sacrifice and performance. The findings also highlight the importance of developing team identification to improve the relationships between perceived athlete leadership quality, inside sacrifice, and perceived performance.

The importance of soccer literacy in the education and socialization of adolescents – Czech and Polish cases

ABSTRACT This study aims to (1) identify trends and differences between boys and girls, concerning their preference for soccer; (2) determine the associations between preferring soccer, practicing soccer, and fulfiling physical activity recommendations; (3) and support a more effective acquisition of soccer literacy in the Czech Republic and Poland. The results show that soccer is the most preferred team sport for 32.9% of Czech boys versus 7.5% of Czech girls, while 46.7% of Polish boys preferred it, as compared to 7.7% of Polish girls. Overall, boys and girls who prefer soccer have a greater chance of fulfiling physical activity recommendations. Differences in preference and participation illustrate the importance of creating conditions for boys and girls to participate in soccer, futsal, futnet, and beach soccer. Soccer literacy may significantly support the acquisition of physical, health, and social literacy.

Fitness and Performance Testing of Male and Female Beach Soccer Players-A Preliminary Investigation.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare performance on sand and a firm surface and to describe the physical capacity of male and female beach soccer players.Methods: Sixty-six male and 29 female competitive beach soccer players voluntarily participated in this study. Firstly, within-subjects test scores were compared to scores on a firm surface (criterion validity; n = 15 men) and reconducted on a second occasion (reliability; n = 51 men). Secondly, the best score on sand was retained to compare test performance between ages (classified as below 20, 20–30, and above 30 years) and sexes. Performance assessments included sprint time over 5 and 15 m (once on a firm surface and twice on sand), standing long jump (SLJ, once on a firm surface and twice on sand) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1, once on a firm surface and once on sand; only data for men were available).Results: Five-m sprint and Yo-Yo IR1 performance on sand were not correlated to performance on a firm surface (P > 0.05). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for the 15-m sprint and SLJ tests (ICC > 0.90; CV < 5%). Performance in 15-m sprint and maximal sprinting speed were moderately lower in male players aged above 30 years. compared to players aged below 30 years (d = 0.35–0.42; P < 0.05). Irrespective of the age group, weight-bearing power-based performance mass was moderately to very largely higher in male players than in female players (d = 0.42–0.88; P < 0.05).Conclusions: The lack of a consistent relationship between performance on sand and on a firm surface might indicate the need to develop specific test batteries for sand-based athletes. Age-related differences in physical performance were evident only in sprint capacity. Further studies are warranted to elucidate our preliminary findings and to develop the sand specific tests.

Injuries in elite level male beach soccer players: a prospective three year study

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of match and training injuries in elite-level national male beach soccer players. Method The incidence, mechanism, location, type, severity, and burden of injuries of the Turkish national beach soccer team were recorded between 2017 and 2019. Results A total of 136 injuries occurred during the study period. Total injury incidence was 238.9 injuries/1,000 match hours (MHs) and 37.7 injuries/1,000 training hours (THs) (p < 0.001). Twenty-seven injuries led to time-loss, and the incidences for match and training injuries were 36.7 and 7.9 per 1,000 hours, respectively. Of medical attention injuries (MAI) caused by trauma, 54.6% (n = 53) were due to another player and, 60.9% (n = 14) of time-loss injuries (TLI) caused by trauma were due to non-contact trauma (p < 0.001). While 82% (n = 91) of training injuries occurred in lower extremities, 29% (n = 9) of match injuries occurred in the head/neck region (p < 0.001). Head injury incidence was 45.9 per 1,000 match hours. Of MAI, 50% (n = 57) were contusion, and 32.1% (n = 9) of TLI were strain (p < 0.001). Also, the most common injury subtype was foot/toe contusion during match and training (19.4%; n = 6, 27.9%; n = 31, respectively). The majority of injuries 91.9% (n = 125) had slight severity. Conclusion Head trauma, tendon injury, and foot/toe contusion are important for clinical practice in beach soccer. Protective measures (rule regulation, use of protective equipment, etc.) should be considered to prevent these injuries.

The Goal Scale: A New Instrument to Measure the Perceived Exertion in Soccer (Indoor, Field, and Beach) Players.

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) can be used to monitor the exercise intensity during laboratory and specific tests, training sessions, and to estimate the internal training load of the athletes. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a specific pictorial perceived exertion scale for soccer players (indoor, field, and beach soccer) called GOAL Scale. The pictorial GOAL Scale (six drawings; 1 “low exertion” to 6 “exhaustion”) was validated for twenty under-17 soccer players (16.4 ± 0.68 years; 175.4 ± 9 cm; 66.4 ± 7.7 kg; % fat mass 12.4 ± 3.3). In the validation phase, the athletes were evaluated in a progressive protocol involving stimuluses of 3 min with 1 min for the rest into the stages until the voluntary exhaustion in Maximal Cardiopulmonary Effort Test (MCET), and in the Yo Yo Intermittent Recovery Test – Level 1 (Yo-Yo). The RPE identified by the GOL Scale, by the Borg Scale 6 – 20 and by the Cavasini Scale, as well as the heart rate (HR), perceptual of the heart rate (%HRmax) and the blood lactate concentration ([La]) were immediately evaluated after each stage of both tests. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) was used. Construct scale validity was examined by regressing GOAL Scale against Borg Scale 6 – 20 and Cavasini Scale and concurrent scale validity was investigated by regressing GOAL Scale against HR, beats/min and blood lactate concentration (mmol/L) during two progressive tests. There was a significant correlation values of the GOAL Scale with Borg Scale (r = 0.93; r = 0.88), Cavasini Scale (r = 0.91; r = 0.90), %HRmax (r = 0.91; r = 0,86), HR (r = 0.87; r = 0.83) and lactate (r = 0.68; r = 0.83) during tests (Maximal Incremental Cardiopulmonary Test and Yo-Yo test, respectively). The results evidenced concurrent and construct validity of the GOAL Scale across a wide range of exercise intensity. The absence of verbal anchors makes the use of this instrument to soccer, futsal and beach soccer athletes of different languages and different literacy levels possible.

Prevalence and Mechanism of Injuries in Male Beach Soccer Players

Introduction: One of the preventing injuries methods is recognizing common injuries in sports and causative factors of injury. The aims of this study was to investigate the injuries of beach soccer players in terms of prevalence and mechanism. Methods: The present study is a Cross-sectional and descriptive research that was conducted as a field study. Forty players were selected randomly from two teams of the Yazd province in premier country league that took place in 2019. For recording prevalence and mechanism of injuries, the modified injury report form by Fuller et al. (2006) was used. The SPSS software version 25 and the chi-square test at a significance level P &lt; 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. Results: In total, the most common injuries of beach soccer were in lower extremities (%69.84), and for injury severity, %31.75 were severed injury, and in terms of the type of injuries, the strain was the most of the injuries occurred (%33.33). The amount of injury during the match (%60.26) was higher than the time of training (%39.68). The degree of contact injuries %73.02 was significantly higher than non-contact injuries %26.98 (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Most of the injuries in beach soccer are caused by playing bare foot and lack of shoes and guards on the legs and feet, and then on the knee. Contact of players is one of the main sources of injury in beach soccer, which is likely to be effective in preventing injury by changing training, implementing proper techniques, and improving performance factors by using injuries preventive programs.

NEW RECREATIONAL CATEGORY ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON WART TRANSMISSION

ABSTRACT Introduction “Altinha”, a variant of beach soccer that is very popular on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro, is a recreational activity that adapts the basics of beach soccer to a game with a circular formation, with the participation of several players who mainly use the following parts of their bodies: feet, legs, head, knees and trunk. Since it is a Brazilian pursuit, the relationship between “altinha” and skin infections is poorly described. The authors report six cases of patients diagnosed with common warts, seeking to correlate the development of these lesions with participation in “altinha”. Clinical Case Six patients, young adults from Rio de Janeiro who play “altinha” on Rio’s beaches, with complaints of painless verrucous lesions, were assessed. Physical examination revealed cracked normochromic keratotic papules mainly affecting feet and legs of the dominant limb. In light of the medical history and physical examination, the diagnosis was of vulgar warts. The patients were treated with cryosurgery, obtaining satisfactory results. Discussion The sport and its outdoor environmental conditions favor transmission of the human papillomavirus due to exposure to factors such as humidity, sweating and trauma, besides direct contact with the infected skin of other players and with colonized surfaces. “Altinha” is played barefoot, and the equipment of choice is the soccer ball, which is constantly shared between players, leading to trauma caused not only by the ball, but also by the sand. Moreover, the activity demands physical exertion from participants, resulting in sweating and potential physical contact. Conclusion With the increasing popularity of “altinha” among beachgoers, dermatologists must be aware of the sun protection habits of these individuals. They must also be mindful of the need to examine their skin for related dermatosis and to warn them of the risk of infection by the human papillomavirus in this new sport. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.