Bcl-2 In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Expression of Bcl-2 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity

Objectives: To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from December 2021 to June 2022. Sixty patients aged 30 to 85 years, of both genders, diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity based on histopathology reports, were included. Immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 was performed and assessed. All results were subsequently analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of the 60 cases studied, 36 were males (60%) and 24 were females (40%). The mean age of the patients was 55 years. The most common histological grade was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 26 out of 60 cases (43.3%), followed by moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (21/60, 35%). Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the least common grade, found in 13 out of 60 cases (21.7%). Bcl-2 expression was positive in 23 patients (38.3%). Regarding grade-wise expression of Bcl-2, there was an increasing expression with increasing grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma: 19% Bcl-2 expression in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 38% in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and 77% in poorly differentiated carcinomas. This demonstrated a significant correlation between Bcl-2 expression and histopathological grades (p value <0.001). Conclusion: In summary, Bcl-2 expression was detected in 38.3% of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Its immuno-expression is significantly associated with the histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, Bcl-2 can be considered an important prognostic marker as well as a potential target for chemoresistance cases through Bcl-2 inhibition.

Study of the expression of CD44 and Bcl-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and it’s correlation with histological grading

Introduction :Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with a global incidence of around 3,54,864 new cases and 1,77,384 deaths every year.Aim :To demonstrate and assess the prognostic significance of the expression of CD44 and Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinomas of oral cavity by it’s correlation with the histological grade of the tumour.Methodology :This is a hospital based prospective study done over a period of 3 years at Kakatiya Medical College/MGM Hospital, Warangal, Telangana and includes 76 cases diagnosed as OSCC. Immunohistochemistry was done with markers CD44 and BCL2. ResultS:61.9% of WDSCC cases showed weak expression of CD44, 56.3% of MD SCC cases showed moderate expression, 50% of PD SCC cases showed strong expression and 50% showed moderate expression. 71.5% of WD SCC cases showed weak expression of BCL2, 46.9% of MD SCC cases showed moderate expression, 50% of PD SCC cases showed strong expression and 50% showed moderate expression. Conclusion: The present study, has showed that there is significant correlation between the histopathological grade of OSCC and the overexpression of CD44 and Bcl-2.

Pathological characteristics and immunophenotype analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Abstract Objective To explore the clinical pathological features and immunophenotypes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods The protein expression of p16, p53, Bcl-2, and c-erbB-2 in 59 cases of CIN, 20 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues were tested using immunohistochemistry staining. Results The expression rates of p16, p53, Bcl-2, and c-erbB-2 in CIN tissues were 76.3% (45/59), 28.85 (17/59), 61.0% (36/59), and 40.0% (23/59), respectively. The expression rates of p16, p53, Bcl-2, and c-erbB-2 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues were 60.0% (12/20), 60.0% (12/20), 75.0% (15/20), and 65.0% (13/20), respectively. The expression rates of p16, p53, Bcl-2, and c-erbB-2 in normal cervical tissues were 0.0% (0/20), 0.0% (0/20), 35.0% (7/20), 0.0% (0/20), respectively. In comparison to normal tissues, the differential expressions of p16, p53, and Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and CIN were statistically significant (P <0.001), whereas the difference between the squamous cell carcinoma and CIN was not significant (P >0.05). In comparison to normal tissues, the differential expressions of c-erbB-2 and p53 in squamous cell carcinoma and CIN were statistically significant (P >0.05). The differential expressions of Bcl-2, c-erbB-2, and p53 in CIN 3 were statistically significant in comparison to CIN 1 and CIN 2 (P <0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of Bcl-2 occurs early in the development of cervical cancer, whereas p16 and c-erbB-2 overexpression are markers for cell malignancy. The expression of p53 is correlated with the development of cervical cancer.

Expression of p53 and bcl2 in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth-most common malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in radiotherapy and surgical treatment, survival rates have not changed significantly in the last 40 years. Molecular markers are currently being identified that can determine prognosis preoperatively by routine tumor biopsy, lead- ing to improved management of HNSCC patients. Aim: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expression of p53 and bcl2 proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) and to correlate the expression of p53 and bcl2 with clinical staging (AJCC) and WHO histological grading of SCC. Materials and methods: The study population comprised 50 cases of HNSCC. Tissue sections from these cases were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using p53 and bcl2, and a comparative analysis of the results was performed. Cases of colon carcinoma and benign lymphoid hyperplasia were used as positive controls for p53 and bcl2, respectively. Results: Positivity for p53 was recorded in 30 cases (30/50), while positivity for bcl2 was recorded in 44 cases (44/50). Positivity for p53+/bcl2+ coexpression was seen in 28 cases (28/50). The frequency of p53 expression was associated with tumor histologic grade (p=0.02), increasing lymph node involvement (p=0.01), and clinical stage (p=0.038). The frequency of bcl2 expression was associated with histological grade (p=0.02) and increasing lymph node involvement (p=0.028), but not with clinical stage (p=0.242). Moreover, the combined p53+/bcl2+ expression was significantly associated with histo- logical grade (p=0.02) and lymph node involvement (p=0.01). Conclusion: Study of p53 and bcl2 expression may provide clinicians with more exact information in order to evaluate tumor aggressiveness and survival rates.

Immunohistochemical expression of apoptosis regulators in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and their association with human papillomavirus 16/18 subtypes.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important aetiological factor in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Limited studies have been focused on the differences between carcinogenesis of SCCs with and without HPV infection. The main goal of this study is to determine the expression of some of the apoptotic pathway regulators, including P53, Bax and Bcl2 in SCCs with and without high risk HPV 16/18 infection. Cross sectional study. A total of 42 paraffin-embedded blocks with the histopathological diagnosis of invasive SCC with determined HPV 16/18 status were selected; half of them were HPV positive and the rest were negative. Afterwards, immunohistochemistry stained slides for p53, Bcl2 and Bax were evaluated with H-score, multiplicative and Additive Quick score by two pathologists; in cases of controversy about the results, the mean results were recorded. Mean results and percentage of expression of our three markers were significantly higher in the HPV 16/18 infected group than in uninfected individuals: Respectively, the mean score for Bcl2, Bax and p53 staining according to H-scoring method was 68.5, 234, 106.4 in the HPV 16/18 infected group and 4.5, 218.8, 5.07 in the uninfected group; and the Multiplicative Quick score was 4, 14.6, 8.2 in the HPV 16/18 infected group and 3, 12.3, 3.5 in the uninfected group. High risk HPVs possibly act in favour of apoptotic pathway inactivation. The significant difference in apoptotic pathway between SCCs with and without high risk HPVs suggests a different early carcinogenesis pathway.

Decreased Beclin-1 expression is correlated with the growth of the primary tumor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung

Beclin-1 is a Bcl-2-interacting protein, and it may delay cell cycle progression and induce autophagy. The function and expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung remain largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Tissue samples from 262 cases were used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were conducted using a tissue microarray. In squamous cell carcinoma, Beclin-1 expression was strongly positive in 48 (28.6%) of 168 samples, it was moderately positive in 42 (25.0%) of 168 samples, and it was negative or weakly positive in 78 (46.4%) of 168 samples. In adenocarcinoma, Beclin-1 expression was strongly positive in 26 (27.7%) of 94 samples, it was moderately positive in 27 (28.7%) of 94 samples, and it was negative or weakly positive in 41 (43.6%) of 94 samples. Beclin-1 expression was inversely correlated with the tumor size and the primary tumor stage (pT) in both types of tumor. Especially, the TNM stage of adenocarcinoma was inversely correlated with Beclin-1 expression. Our results suggest that a progressively reduced Beclin-1 expression is correlated with the primary tumor growth of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

398 POSTER Clinical requirements of “In Silico Oncology” as part of the integrated project ACGT (Advancing Clinico-Genomic Trials on Cancer)

The aim of this study was to analyze aberrant expression of both apoptotic protein p53 and antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix with HPV infection and its significance as a marker for progression of cervical lesions.One hundred and five cervical lesions and 20 normal (age matched) cervical epithelium from patients with complaints other than cervical lesions were investigated immunocytochemically for aberrant expression of p53 and bcl-2 using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method with respective monoclonal antibodies. HPV status was also anlayzed using type-specific primers for HPV 16/18 and HPV 6/11 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical correlation analysis was carried out using Spearman's correlation test and univariate analysis by the SPSS system.An abnormal nuclear expression of tumor-suppressor protein p53 and cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 were observed using immunocytochemistry in biopsies of cervical lesions but not in normal subjects. The intensity of immunoreactivity for both p53 and bcl-2 proteins varied between different histopathological grades of cervical lesions and the correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation for their expression level with different stages from mild dysplasia to invasive cancer with r = 0.88842; P = 0.00001 and r = 0.86929; P = 0.00001, respectively. A highly significant positive correlation was also observed between the expression of both p53 and bcl-2 proteins and HPV infection. The current study indicates a very good significant direct correlation (r = 0.83925; P = 0.00001) between p53 expression and bcl-2 expression in the study population, suggesting the co-overexpression of these proteins in HPV-associated cervical cancer.From the observations it is suggested that the immunodetection of both p53 and bcl-2 proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix can be used as an independent diagnostic marker for cervical cancer associated with HPV infection. The highly significant association of these proteins with HPV infection suggests that the high-risk HPV infection may be responsible for the co-overexpression of p53 and bcl-2 in cervical cancer even though both of them are antagonistic in their function. This study thus helps to understand the molecular mechanism underlying cervical carcinogenesis and which in turn may improve the therapeutic approach.

Co-overexpression of p53 and bcl-2 proteins in HPV-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix☆

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze aberrant expression of both apoptotic protein p53 and antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix with HPV infection and its significance as a marker for progression of cervical lesions. Methods One hundred and five cervical lesions and 20 normal (age matched) cervical epithelium from patients with complaints other than cervical lesions were investigated immunocytochemically for aberrant expression of p53 and bcl-2 using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method with respective monoclonal antibodies. HPV status was also anlayzed using type-specific primers for HPV 16/18 and HPV 6/11 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical correlation analysis was carried out using Spearman's correlation test and univariate analysis by the SPSS system. Results An abnormal nuclear expression of tumor-suppressor protein p53 and cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 were observed using immunocytochemistry in biopsies of cervical lesions but not in normal subjects. The intensity of immunoreactivity for both p53 and bcl-2 proteins varied between different histopathological grades of cervical lesions and the correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation for their expression level with different stages from mild dysplasia to invasive cancer with r = 0.88842; P = 0.00001 and r = 0.86929; P = 0.00001, respectively. A highly significant positive correlation was also observed between the expression of both p53 and bcl-2 proteins and HPV infection. The current study indicates a very good significant direct correlation ( r = 0.83925; P = 0.00001) between p53 expression and bcl-2 expression in the study population, suggesting the co-overexpression of these proteins in HPV-associated cervical cancer. Conclusion From the observations it is suggested that the immunodetection of both p53 and bcl-2 proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix can be used as an independent diagnostic marker for cervical cancer associated with HPV infection. The highly significant association of these proteins with HPV infection suggests that the high-risk HPV infection may be responsible for the co-overexpression of p53 and bcl-2 in cervical cancer even though both of them are antagonistic in their function. This study thus helps to understand the molecular mechanism underlying cervical carcinogenesis and which in turn may improve the therapeutic approach.

Apoptosis and the expression of Bax and bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix

Apoptosis plays a crucial role in the suicide and turnover of cells in various tumors. This study was designed to investigate the relation between apoptosis and the histologic types of cell in invasive cervical carcinoma. Cervical tissues were obtained from 19 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC), 9 patients with invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma (IEAC), and 15 patients with myoma uteri (which were used as controls). Each tissue was rapidly frozen and/or fixed in Bouin's solution. The occurrence of apoptosis was examined by end labeling of DNA with (alpha-32P)dideoxyATP and electrophoretic fractionation and by end labeling of DNA in situ with digoxigenin-dideoxyUTP. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was examined by immunohistochemical staining with appropriate antibodies. Autoradiographic analysis revealed that high molecular weight DNA was predominant in the normal cervical epithelium (NCE) and in ISCC. However, a ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments, characteristic of the apoptotic breakdown of DNA, was identified in IEAC. Quantitative analysis of low molecular weight fragments of DNA revealed a significant increase in IEAC but not in ISCC compared with NCE. Labeling of DNA in situ indicated that cells undergoing apoptosis were predominant among the neoplastic cells of IEAC. However, no apoptotic cells were noted in ISCC, with the exception of cells in some tumor nests. A large fraction of IEAC and ISCC was immunonegative for Bcl-2. Although the expression of Bax was detected weakly in a small fraction of ISCC, strong expression of Bax was observed in all cases of IEAC. Apoptosis appears to occur in the cancerous cells of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in association with a high level of expression of Bax but not of bcl-2.

Expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: An Immunohistochemical Study

Expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: An Immunohistochemical Study