BB Types Research Articles

Anatomic classification of renal artery involvement in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection based on CT angiography images

Abstract Objective This study was conducted to classify the anatomy of renal artery involvement in Stanford type A aortic dissection based on CT angiography images and to explore the clinical value of this classification system. Methods Data of 1331 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were analyzed. According to the aortic CT plane scan, the anatomical involvement of one side of the renal artery was divided into the following five types: type T, true lumen involvement; type F, false lumen involvement; type B, both lumens involvement; type C, crushed intimal flap; and type S, sandwich model. Based on the actual CT tomographic observation statistics, bilateral renal artery involvement was classified as TT, TF, TB, BB, BF, CF, and TS types. The incidence of postoperative AKI and CRRT, as well as early postoperative mortality of patients with bilateral renal artery involvement were analyzed among the patients. Results The 1331 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection with bilateral renal artery involvement were grouped according to their anatomic classification as follows: 575 patients had TT type; 352 patients had TF type; 198 patients had TB type; 17 patients had BB type; 30 patients had BF type; 84 patients had CF type; and 75 patients had TS type. The incidence of postoperative AKI for the TT, TF, TB, BB, BF, CF, and TS types was 14.61% (84/575), 22.44% (79/352), 36.36% (72/198), 52.94% (9/17), 40.0% (12/30), 65.48% (55/84), and 36.0% (27/75), respectively. The incidence of postoperative CRRT for the TT, TF, TB, BB, BF, CF, and TS types was 3.48% (20/575), 6.82% (24/352) ,12.12% (24/198), 17.65%(3/17) , 10.00%(3/30), 32.14 (27/84) , and 9.33% (7/75) , respectively. The early mortality rate for the TT, TF, TB, BB, BF, CF, and TS types was 4.17% (24/575), 4.26% (15/352), 11.11% (22/198), 11.76% (2/17), 13.33% (4/30) , 17.86% (15/84), and 5.33% (4/75), respectively. Analysis of the results revealed statistically significant differences in the incidence of AKI, CRRT use, and early mortality among the identified subtypes (all P values < 0.01). The incidence of CF type was the highest, followed by BB and BF types. Conclusions The incidence of AKI, CRRT, and early mortality was significantly different among the anatomical types of renal artery involvement in Stanford type A aortic dissection. Notably, CF type had the highest incidence followed by types BB and BF.result_1result_2

Genome Size Variation and Evolution Driven by Transposable Elements in the Genus Oryza.

Genome size variation and evolutionary forces behind have been long pursued in flowering plants. The genus Oryza, consisting of approximately 25 wild species and two cultivated rice, harbors eleven extant genome types, six of which are diploid (AA, BB, CC, EE, FF, and GG) and five of which are tetraploid (BBCC, CCDD, HHJJ, HHKK, and KKLL). To obtain the most comprehensive knowledge of genome size variation in the genus Oryza, we performed flow cytometry experiments and estimated genome sizes of 166 accessions belonging to 16 non-AA genome Oryza species. k-mer analyses were followed to verify the experimental results of the two accessions for each species. Our results showed that genome sizes largely varied fourfold in the genus Oryza, ranging from 279 Mb in Oryza brachyantha (FF) to 1,203 Mb in Oryza ridleyi (HHJJ). There was a 2-fold variation (ranging from 570 to 1,203 Mb) in genome size among the tetraploid species, while the diploid species had 3-fold variation, ranging from 279 Mb in Oryza brachyantha (FF) to 905 Mb in Oryza australiensis (EE). The genome sizes of the tetraploid species were not always two times larger than those of the diploid species, and some diploid species even had larger genome sizes than those of tetraploids. Nevertheless, we found that genome sizes of newly formed allotetraploids (BBCC-) were almost equal to totaling genome sizes of their parental progenitors. Our results showed that the species belonging to the same genome types had similar genome sizes, while genome sizes exhibited a gradually decreased trend during the evolutionary process in the clade with AA, BB, CC, and EE genome types. Comparative genomic analyses further showed that the species with different rice genome types may had experienced dissimilar amplification histories of retrotransposons, resulting in remarkably different genome sizes. On the other hand, the closely related rice species may have experienced similar amplification history. We observed that the contents of transposable elements, long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons, and particularly LTR/Gypsy retrotransposons varied largely but were significantly correlated with genome sizes. Therefore, this study demonstrated that LTR retrotransposons act as an active driver of genome size variation in the genus Oryza.

The immediate effect of adenotonsillectomy on Eustachian tube function in children

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adenotonsillectomy on immediate Eustachian tube (E-tube) function in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. MethodsAll children who were scheduled to undergo adenotonsillectomy were assessed. Physical examinations were performed on the preoperative day, and on postoperative days 1 and 2. Exams included visual inspection of the tympanic membrane and tympanometry including measurement of middle ear pressure (MEP) (daPa). The children were divided into four types (AA, CA, CC, and BB types) based on the tympanometric results of postoperative days 1 and 2. ResultsA total of 50 ears from 25 children (mean age±standard deviation [SD]=8.6±3.2; male/female=10/15; mean body mass index±SD [kg/m2]=18.5±3.7) were included. The rates of AA, CA, CC, and BB types were 10% (5/50), 14% (7/50), 74% (37/50), and 2% (1/50), respectively. On postoperative day 2, 76% of cases were abnormal or unresolved (38/50), while 24% were normal or resolved (12/50). There were significant decreases in MEP both before and after adenotonsillectomy (p's<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the MEPs measured on postoperative days 1 and 2. There were no significant differences between the right and left ears with regard to the MEPs on the preoperative day, or postoperative days 1 and 2. ConclusionsImmediate E-tube dysfunction is a relatively common complication in children after adenotonsillectomy. Therefore, in the setting of immediate E-tube dysfunction, it is important to properly plan postoperative care and management.

Development and characterisation of microsatellite markers for wild banana (Musa balbisiana)

SummaryThe wild banana species, Musa balbisiana Colla., is one of the progenitors of cultivated banana and belongs to the family Musaceae. M. balbisiana is native to Southeast Asia.The species harbours many useful and important traits such as disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance, and represents an important genetic resource for banana improvement programmes. Thus, the development of microsatellite markers for this species could be of value for use in germplasm conservation, genetic studies, and gene mapping. We report the development of 63 microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers from a microsatellite-enriched library, and have demonstrated their utility in characterising 30 banana accessions belonging to the AA, BB, or AB genome types. The number of alleles detected per locus ranged from two to 21 (mean = 11). The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.138 – 0.934 (mean = 0.817), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.131 – 0.912 (mean = 0.771).The total probability of identity (i.e., the probability of two cultivars sharing the same genetic profile by chance) was 1.06 10–66. Thus, the 63 SSR markers developed here will be useful for genotyping, for genetic diversity studies, and for gene mapping in the genus, Musa.

Association between milk protein polymorphism and milk production traits in Black and White dairy cattle in Turkey

Milk protein polymorphism such as as1-casein (as1-Cn), b-lactoglobulin (b-Lg), b-casein (b-Cn) and k-casein (k-Cn) of Black and White dairy cattle were investigated in this study. The genetic structure of herd was examined for these loci. At the sametime the relationships between milk protein types and some milk production traits were determined. Milk production traits were chosen as milk yield, average daily milk yield and lactation length. These traits were associated with milk protein types. Genetic variants of milk protein were identified by starch gel electrophoresis containing mercaptoethanol and urea. The allele gene frequencies of A, B, and C of as1-Cn loci and A, B of b-Cn were found to be 0.01; 0.97; 0.02 and 0.95; 0.05 respectively. Furthermore, the allele frequencies of A, B of k-Cn and A, B of b-Lg were found to be 0.68; 0.32 and 0.55; 0.45 respectively. For as1-Cn BB phenotype was found to have higher milk yield than those of as1-Cn AB and as1-Cn BC phenotypes, and b-Lg AA phenotype was detected to have higher milk yield than those of b-Lg AB and b-Lg BB types but were not statistically important. It was concluded that the genetic structure of the four loci were determined in Black and White cattle, but there was no significant association between the milk protein types and milk production traits in the study. Key words : Milk protein polymorphism, casein, lactoglobulin, Black and White dairy cattle.

Relationships Between Beta-Lactoglobulin and Beta-Casein Polymorphisms and Production Traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein

Ozdemir, M and Dogru, U. 2007. Relationships between beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein polymorphisms and production traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 165–168. To study the effects of Beta-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and Beta-Casein (β-Cn) polymorphism on milk production traits, milk samples from Brown Swiss, Holstein and East Anatolian Red cows were analyzed for β-Lg and β-Cn AA, AB and BB types using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis method. Differences of both β-Lg and β-Cn among breeds studied in terms of proportion of phenotype were significant on gene variants. While effects of β-Cn phenotypes on studied yield traits were not significant, there was a main effect of β-Lg genotype on fat concentration, actual milk yield, actual fat yield, 305 d fat yield and lactation period in Brown Swiss and Holstein cows, but not on 305-days milk yield. We suggest that production and percentage of fat ratio may be maximized by the use of β-Lg AA genotype and milk production by the use of β-Lg AB genotype with selective goal in herds.

Calcium-binding Crystallins from Yersinia pestis: CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO SINGLE βγ-CRYSTALLIN DOMAINS OF A PUTATIVE EXPORTED PROTEIN

Betagamma-crystallin is a superfamily with diverse members from vertebrate lens to microbes. However, not many members have been identified and studied. Here, we report the identification of a putative exported protein from Yersinia pestis as a member of the betagamma-crystallin superfamily. Even though calcium has been known to play an important role in the physiology and virulence of the Yersinia genus, calcium-binding proteins have not yet been identified. We have studied the calcium-binding properties of two of the three crystallin domains present in this putative exported protein designated "Yersinia crystallin." These two domains (D1 and D2) have unique AA and BB types of arrangement of their Greek key motifs unlike the domains of other members of the betagamma-crystallin superfamily, which are either AB or BA types. These domains bind two calcium ions with low and high affinity-binding sites. We showed their calcium-binding properties using various probes for calcium and the effect of calcium on their secondary and tertiary structures. Although both domains bind calcium, D1 underwent drastic changes in secondary and tertiary structure and hydrodynamic volume upon calcium binding. Domain D1, which is intrinsically unstructured in the apo form, requires calcium for the typical betagamma-crystallin fold. Calcium exerted an extrinsic stabilization effect on domain D1 but not on D2, which is also largely unstructured. We suggest that this protein might be involved in calcium-dependent processes, such as stress response or physiology in the Yersinia genus, similar to its microbial relatives and mammalian lens crystallins.

Relationships Between Alfa-casein Polymorphism and Production Traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein

Ozdemir, M. and Dogru, U. 2004. Relationships between alfa-casein polymorphism and production traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 5–8. To study the effect of αs1-Cn polymorphism on milk production traits, milk samples from Brown Swiss, Holstein and East Anatolian Red cows were analyzed for αs1-Cn BB and BC types using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis method. Proportion of αs1-Cn BB and αs1-Cn BC in terms of αs1-Cn phenotype were 74.3% and 25.7%, respectively. No significant differences were found among breeds in frequencies of αs1-Cn phenotype. Although the effects of αs1-Cn phenotypes on milk yield, milk fat yield and 305-days milk yield in Holstein cows were found to be significant (P<0.05), no effect on these traits in Brown Swiss and lactation period, 305-days fat yield and fat percentage in both the breeds were observed.

돼지 leptin receptor내 초위성체 다형성과 경제형질과의 연관성 구명

본 연구는 재래돼지와 랜드레이스를 기초축으로 한 F<TEX>$_2$</TEX> 354두에 대해 Leptin receptor와 연관되어있는 초위성체 표지인자를 이용하여 그 다형성을 조사하고 돼지의 성장형질, 도체형질, 육질형질과 그 유전자형간의 연관성을 구명코자 실시하였다. F<TEX>$_2$</TEX> 354두로부터 얻어진 총 대립유전자는 255bp, 259bp 261bp, 263bp, 265bp, 267bp로써 총 6가지 형태로 나타났다. 집단 내에서 6개의 대립유전자들은 19가지의 유전자형 조합을 나타내었고 가장 많이 나타난 유전자형은 CE형 (261bp/265bp)으로 전체의 20.0%를 차지하였고 다음으로 CC(261/261)와 EE(265/ 265)가 각각 10.1%와 9.6%로 나타났으며 AC(255/261)와 EF(265/267)은 각각 1두에서만 관찰되었다. 각 유전자형간 12주령 체중이 고도의 유의성을 가지고 있었고 (P〈0.001), 3주령 체중(P〈0.05)과 30주령 체중(P〈0.01)에서도 유의성을 보였다. 특히, 성장초기와 달리 12주령 이후 돼지의 증체율은 급증하게 되고 각 개체간의 증체량에 대한 변이가 커지게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 3, 5, 12, 30주령 체중에서 DD(263/263), DF(263/267)형은 항상 상위를 나타내는 유전자형들로 나타났다. 특히 263bp 대립유전자를 가지고 있는 유전자형에 있어서 증체량에 대한 영향력이 크게 나타났다. 각 유전자형간 도체지방과 전단력도 유의성을 가지고 있었고 (P〈0.001), 등지방층 두께에서도 유의성을 보였다(P〈0.05). 그러나 근내지방함량에 대해서는 LEPR 유전자형들의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 등지방층 두께와 도체지방에 대한 최상위 값을 갖는 유전자형은 두 형질 모두 DF (263/267)형으로 나타났다. 반면, 등지방층 두께에서 최하위 값을 갖는 유전자형은 AB (255/259), BE (259/265), AE(255/265) 순으로 나타났고, 도체지방에서는 AB(255/259), DD (263/263), AE(255/ 265) 순으로 나타났다. 특히 255, 259, 265bp 대립유전자를 갖는 개체들은 두 형질에 있어서 부의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 판단되어진다. 전단력의 평균값이 각각 4.59kg/<TEX>$cm^3$</TEX>과 4.52kg/<TEX>$cm^3$</TEX>인 DD(263/263), BB(259/259)가 등심근육의 연도를 저하시켰고 반대로 DF(263/267) 유전자형을 갖은 개체는 더 좋은 연도를 나타내었다. The leptin receptor gene(LEPR) produces a high affinity receptor that mediates the regulation of the leptin gene. Leptin secreted from adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating feed intake and energy balance. In this study, a microsatellite marker within LEPR was selected and genotyped for the F2 population composed of 354 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native boars and Landrace sows. Totally, six alleles (255, 259, 261, 263, 265 and 267bp) and nineteen genotypes were detected in the population, of which the CE (261/265), CC (261/261) and EE (265/265) types were observed by 20.0%, 10.1% and 9.6%, respectively. Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were analyzed. We found specific genotypes associated with economic traits such as body weight at 12 weeks of age/body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat/shear force (P〈0.001), body weight of 30 weeks of age (P〈0.01) and body weight of 3 weeks of age/back fat thickness (P〈0.05). The DD (263/263) and DF (263/267) types were associated with body weight at 3, 5, 12 and 30 weeks of age. The DF (263/267) type showed a highly significant effect on back fat thickness and body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat. The DF (263/267) type showed positive effect on shear force, whereas the BB (259/259) and DD (263/263) types negatively affected on tenderness.

Relationship between glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and vitamin D receptor genotypes.

By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay, the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes and bone mineral density (BMD) in the patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy was studied. The clinical data and blood of 71 patients with rheumatosis who received long-term glucocorticoid therapy were collected. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptimometry. VDR gene fragment (about 185 bp) was amplified by PCR from the extracted genomic DNA, then digested with restriction endonuclease Bsm I. The genotypes were evaluated based on the fragment length following endonuclease digestion and the association between genotypes and BMD or Z-score values was analyzed. Among the 71 cases, the detected genotypes were Bb and bb with the distribution frequency being 11.3% and 88.7% respectively. The distribution frequency of the alleles was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant difference between the two genotypes in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, disease types, time of glucocorticoid administration and cumulative dosage (P > 0.05). Osteoporosis rate of the patients with Bb or bb genotype was 37.5% and 33.3% respectively, with the difference being not significant (chi 2 = 0.05, P = 0.8). The BMD and Z-score values at lumbar spine and femur in two genotypes were not similar, but the difference had no significant (P > 0.05). The distribution frequency of bb type of VDR genotypes in Han populations of China was more prevalent, followed by Bb and bb types in turn. In the patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy, there was no significant difference in BMD between Bb and bb genotypes. The data suggest that the VDR genotypes may not be means of identifying patients at greater risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, which await to be further confirmed by a large sample size.

The effect of associates with an arbitrary stoichiometry on mixing thermodynamics in liquid alloys

The model of an ideal association solution is one of the models successfully used in calculating thermodynamic characteristics of multicomponent liquid systems. Traditionally, the model is applied to solutions that have stable compounds in their solid phases. In this case, it is usually assumed that a melt consists of individual atoms of initial components and of one or several associates with a fixed stoichiometry and a minimum size. The equilibrium constants responsible for a reaction of the formation of the associates from initial components and, often, the stoichiometries of associates are adjustable parameters [1‐4]. The possibility of the existence of associates composed of individual atoms was considered in the general theory of an ideal association solution [1, 5, 6]. However, only recently, a number of studies have appeared in which the existence of self-associates was taken into account in calculating particular systems [7, 8]. In [9‐14], it was shown that the consideration of the self-association, even in the case of allowance for only the configurational contribution into entropy, is sufficient to qualitatively explain features of the thermodynamic properties of the process of melting metals and of thermodynamic characteristics of melting and mixing liquid eutectic alloys. The successful use of self-associates in calculating properties of pure metals and simple eutectics makes it possible to assume that, in multicomponent melts, associates with an arbitrary stoichiometry can also exist. If we admit the existence of such associates, then, evidently, their effect must first of all be manifested in systems characterized by infinite solubility in the solid and liquid phases. However, for both simple eutectics and systems containing a stable compound in the solid phase, the consideration of associates with an arbitrary stoichiometry may, in principle, affect the magnitudes of calculated properties, as well as the qualitative pattern of their behaviors. The goal of this study is to develop a general scheme that takes into account associates with an arbitrary stoichiometry in the model of an ideal association solution and to analyze the effect of these associates on the behavior of the thermodynamic characteristics of mixing and on a position of the liquidus line. We now consider a binary system A c B 1 — c whose components in the liquid phase form a solution with the complete mutual dissolution. We present this solution as an ideal solution consisting of the A n ( i ), B n ( j ) , and A n B m ( i , j , q ) associates. (Here, n and m are the numbers of corresponding atoms in the complex and i , j , and q are, respectively, the numbers of nearest-neighbor pairs of the AA, BB, and AB types in the complex.) Next, we assume that the energy of the complex is determined by the sum of energies of the nearest-neighbor pairs and restrict our consideration by only configurational contributions into the entropy. Then, the molar fractions of the complexes are related to each other by the following equations [10]:

Genetic specificity of stress-induced anemia in rats.

There is a genetic difference in rat hemoglobin (Hb) beta-chain structure, with alternate alleles, A and B, at a single locus. This study was designed to find out whether marrow sensitivity due to gamma exposure and experimentally induced anemia in age-matched adult rats is entirely strain specific or is a combination of both strain and Hb genotype. Eight strains of inbred and outbred rats comprising AA and BB types were examined. The data indicate that there is a relationship between marrow sensitivity and Hb genotypes in response to erythropoietic stress caused by three techniques.

Influence of vitamin D receptor genotype on bone mass changes after renal transplantation

Renal transplant patients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A (CsA) exhibit both a significant bone loss and an increased rate of bone fractures. An association between common allelic variants of the the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and bone mineral density and turnover has been reported in adults. However, the genetic influence on the rate of bone loss after renal transplantation has not been explored. We prospectively determined the changes in spinal mineral density in 34 consecutive nondiabetic adults who received a cadaveric renal allograft. Serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism and the vertebral mineral density (VMD) assessed by quantitative computed tomography were determined at the time of transplantation and three and twelve months later. In fifteen patients the histomorphometric features of iliac bone were analyzed at baseline and twelve months after transplantation. VDR alleles were typed by a PCR assay based on a polymorphic BsmI restriction site. Patients with the so-called "favorable" bb genotype (N = 12) were compared with those with the Bb or BB genotype (N = 22). Baseline VMD was similar in patients with or without the favorable bb genotype. Three months after transplantation the mean (+/- SD) VMD decreased 14 +/- 13.3 percent in all patients (16.5 +/- 13.1% in patients homozygous for the b allele and 13.77 +/- 13.9% in those with Bb or BB genotypes). The rate of VMD loss at this time inversely correlated with pretransplant PTH levels (r = -0.40; P < 0.05). Between 3 and 12 months after transplantation, patients with the favorable bb genotype recovered more VMD than those with Bb or BB types and showed a significantly higher Z score at the end of the follow-up (-0.37 +/- 1.16 vs. -1.10 +/- 1.20, respectively; P < 0.05). The beneficial effect of bb genotype was independent of the prevailing PTH levels and was also observed in those patients with a baseline PTH level < 250 pg/ml (final Z score: bb, -0.42 +/- 1.3, N = 11; Bb/BB, -1.35 +/- 0.8, N = 11, P < 0.05). At the end of follow-up, the histomorphometric studies showed a higher bone formation rate adjusted for PTH levels in patients with the Bb or BB genotype than in those with the favorable bb genotype (0.29 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.08 micron3/micron2/day respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, high pretransplant PTH levels enhance the early trabecular bone loss after renal transplantation, and functionally different alleles of the vitamin D receptor gene may condition the bone turnover and the degree of recovery of the bone mass.

Phytosociology of the B land type in the Newcastle – Memel – Chelmsford Dam area

This study forms part of the Grassland Biome Project. The results of a numerical classification (T winspan ) of 74 releves compiled in the Bb and Bd land types of the Newcastle – Memel – Chelmsford Dam area, were refined by Braun-Blanquet procedures. The analyses revealed five major plant communities which may be divided into seventeen plant communities. A hierarchical classification, description and ecological interpretation of the plant communities are presented.

Immunotherapeutic effects of a vaccine based on a saprophytic cultivable mycobacterium, Mycobacterium w in multibacillary leprosy patients

Immunotherapy with a vaccine consisting of autoclaved Mycobacterium w was given in addition to chemotherapy in 54 multibacillary, lepromin negative patients belonging to BB, BL and LL types of leprosy. Thirty-seven patients with similar types of diseases received chemotherapy and placebo injections. The ‘vaccine’ was repeated every 3 months. Bacterial clearance was more rapid in the vaccinated patients. Two lepromatous leprosy patients with initial bacterial index (BI) of 1.8 and 2.8 became bacteriologically negative in 1 year. One LL patient with BI of 6.0 had a BI fall to 0.16 after four doses of the vaccine. None of the LL patients belonging to placebo group during the same time period became bacteriologically negative. Rapid bacterial clearance was accompanied by distinct signs of clinical improvement. One hundred percent of BB, 85.7% of BL patients and 61.5% of LL patients converted to lepromin positivity after four doses of the vaccine. A significant number of vaccinated patients demonstrated an upgrading in skin lesions histopathologically.

Multiple origins of polyploids in the Glycine tabacina complex inferred from chloroplast DNA polymorphism.

The Glycine tabacina polyploid complex has been shown to include a minimum of two morphological and crossing groups, which also differ in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction map and nuclear ribosomal gene repeat phenotype. These AAB2B2 and BBB2B2 G. tabacina polyploids contain plastomes referable to the A and B diploid plastome groups of subgenus Glycine, respectively. Eight different cpDNA variants were observed among the 65 B-type polyploids studied, six of which were identical for numerous restriction site characters to plastome types found among the highly polymorphic B genome diploid species. It is hypothesized that there have been numerous independent origins of polyploid G. tabacina: at least one AA x B2B2 event and a minimum of five BB x B2B2 events involving different BB types as female progenitor. Low amounts of cpDNA divergence between diploid and polyploid plastomes and among the plastomes of geographically disjunct polyploids suggest that the origin and dispersal of polyploids are relatively recent events. All hypothesized diploid progenitors are native to Australia, while both A- and B-type G. tabacina polyploids occur on islands of the Pacific outside the range of diploids. The presence of several different plastome types of polyploid G. tabacina in the Pacific islands suggests that several colonization events have occurred.

Genetic Resistance to Leukaemia in Black-and-White Cattle

home Acta Veterinaria Brno Journal of the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Search:

Genetic resistance to helminths. The influence of breed and haemoglobin type on the response of sheep to re-infection with Haemonchus contortus

The influence of genetic factors on acquired resistance to Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep was investigated. Animals whose primary infections were terminated with an anthelmintic failed to develop any immunity against subsequent challenge as judged by worm numbers. Nevertheless, all were better able to retard the development and reduce the fecundity and haematophagic activities of their parasite populations than animals undergoing primary infections. High levels of resistance, as judged by all these parameters, were observed in most animals when the challenge larvae were superimposed on existing worm populations. The patterns of worm establishment and disease indicated that genetic factors operated in determining resistance, since fewer worms became established and less severe clinical and pathophysiological changes were observed in Scottish Blackface than in Finn Dorset sheep with the same haemoglobin type. Similar advantages were displayed by animals with haemoglobin AA and to a lesser extent those with haemoglobin AB over haemoglobin BB types. The importance of breed was further indicated by the occurrence of 'self-cure' in the majority of the Scottish Blackfaces but in only one Finn Dorset. There was no evidence that this reaction was associated with haemoglobin type.

Phenotypic and genetic associations between production characters and blood characters in sheep. Erythrocyte potassium levels and haemoglobin types in Peppin Merinos genetically different for clean fleece weight and crimp frequency

SummaryRed blood cell electrolyte levels and haemoglobin types have been determined in flocks of Peppin Merino sheep genetically different for clean fleece weight and crimp frequency. The flocks selected for high clean fleece weight or low crimp frequency had significantly higher mean erythrocyte potassium levels than did those flocks selected for low clean fleece weight or high crimp frequency, this difference was apparent in both haemoglobin AB and BB types. Erythrocyte potassium concentration was not correlated with either clean fleece weight or crimp frequency within flocks. The high clean fleece weight flock had a significantly higher gene frequency for high potassium than did the low clean fleece weight flock, while the high crimp frequency flock had a lower haemoglobin B gene frequency than the low crimp frequency flock.