Bay Village Research Articles

National Park visitors perceive benefits for themselves and wildlife under blended red-white outdoor lighting

Visitors to Colter Bay Village in Grand Teton National Park were surveyed to elicit their evaluations of experimental outdoor lighting conditions. Luminaires capable of dimming and switching between two LED modules (white, blended red-white) were installed in street and parking areas. The blended red-white lamps consisted of 30 narrowband LED with a peak wavelength 623 nm and two 3000 K white LEDs. Similar “red” lamps were previously shown to reduce impacts to bats and insects. The white and red lamps were closely matched for luminance. Measured horizontal illuminance at survey locations had an interquartile range from 0.63 to 3.82 lx. The red lamps produced lower perceived brightness (VB2(λ)), even after reflection off asphalt, yet survey participants expressed higher ratings for visual comfort and safety under red lighting. Surveys conducted earlier in the evening, with higher levels of predicted solar and measured horizontal illuminance, rated higher on visual comfort and safety, though these correlations were not as strong as the effect of lamp color. Streetlight ratings and support for lighting that protected natural resources were not contingent upon age or gender. Survey participants assessed red lighting as more protective of the environment. These results demonstrate that outdoor lighting designed to reduce ecological impacts can yield superior nocturnal experience for pedestrians.

Research on the regenerative design and practice of the residential architecture atlases in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties: a case study of the Mingyue Bay village in Suzhou

ABSTRACT The residential architecture atlases, chronicling the design motifs and craftsmanship of residences in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties, serves as a cornerstone in deciphering the cultural metamorphosis and unearthing the subtle architectural essence specific to the region. With the advent of modern digital paradigms, this atlas has undergone a regeneration, evolving into a digital, real-time, and interactive embodiment of architectural lore. This study delves into the contents and characteristics of traditional and informational architectural atlases in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It includes detailed surveys and mappings of the Mingyue Bay village in Suzhou, focusing on its geographic location, historical culture, and residential architectures. Utilizing AutoCAD and Photoshop, the study delineates the architectural plan atlas, elevation atlas, wooden frame atlas, and decoration atlas. It suggests regenerative design strategies for these traditional atlases. Furthermore, through MasterGo and SketchUp, this study elaborated on the regenerative design strategies of residential architecture information atlases in the Mingyue Bay village, including spatial-temporal information atlas, cultural tourism service atlas, scene experience atlas, model simulation atlas, and game interaction atlas. These atlases are integrated into a service platform of rural intelligent tourism, aimed at fostering the global inheritance of residential architecture culture and the revitalization of rural intelligent tourism.

Analysis of Policy Strategy for Empowerment of Fisherman in Teluk Village, Labuan Sub-District, Pandeglang Regency

The community empowerment approach is sought to provide guidance for the sustainability of the livelihoods and lives of the fishing communities of Teluk Village, Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency, especially after being hit by the tsunami (22/12/2018) and the Covid-19 pandemic. Ecosystem preservation also requires commitment from stakeholders. The policy strategy is the government's task that needs to be analyzed, while the community has strong social capital, as a form of survival in facing opportunities, challenges and threats in the management of marine and fishery resources. This study aims to analyze the policy strategy for empowering fishermen in Teluk Village, Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency. The key theory used is the concept of strategy according to Hunger-Wheelen (2003: 9), through observing the external environment to describe opportunities and threats, then observing the internal environment of the organization to describe strengths and weaknesses known as Strengths, Weaknesses (weaknesses). Opportunities (opportunities), and Threats (threats). The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Through this approach it is intended to be able to take a full picture of various phenomena that aim to describe, summarize various conditions, various situations or various social realities of empowering the fishing community in Teluk Village, Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency. The results of the study show that the policy strategy for empowering fishermen in Teluk Village refers to strengthening the internal and external sources of the Pandeglang Regency Maritime Service organization, including efforts in the field of empowering fishermen by carrying out various fisheries business development programs, carrying out fishermen technical guidance for business groups with fishermen. Furthermore, monitoring and evaluation, as well as carrying out reports. The suggestion that the researchers put forward is to increase various efforts to empower fishermen in the Bay Village by encouraging fishermen's involvement in accessing various institutional fishermen empowerment programs and revitalizing various facilities and infrastructure that require development and repair due to the tsunami disaster.

Analysis of Distribution and Marketing Margins of Sunu Grouper (Plectropumus leoparsus) in Teluk Sulaiman Village, Biduk-Biduk District, Berau Regency

The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing and describing how the distribution process and marketing margins of Sunu Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in Sulaiman Bay Village. The research was carried out for 9 months from March to December 2022 in Kampung Teluk Sulaiman, Biduk-Biduk District, Berau Regency. The method used in sampling fishermen is purposive sampling with a total of 21 respondents, while in sampling collecting traders and retailers using the snowball sampling method as many as 10 people. The analysis method uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the marketing channel pattern on the sale of Sunu Grouper Fish in Kampung Teluk Sulaiman there are 2 levels of marketing channels of the level one channel pattern and the second level channel pattern. Based on the results of the margin calculation of each Sunu Grouper marketing institution in Teluk Sulaiman village, the institutions that obtained a larger margin were collecting traders of IDR 25,000, while retailers of IDR 20,000

Running Head: Child Advocacy for Rape Victims in Kecapi Bay Village

Purpose: Many violent cases experienced by children and officers' lack of law enforcement become a reason for poor justice. Each case needs advocacy. Theoretical framework: Social advocacy needs to be done by those who deal with child victims of physical abuse. Method: This research is qualitative research with a simple description. A descriptive method is used in research on a human, an object, a set of conditions, a system, a group's mindset, a system, or a current situation that aims to obtain a systematically actual and accurate description, picture of facts and characteristics and their correlation with an observed phenomenon. Result and Conclusion: This research involves psychology services. It is helpful for the trauma recovery of victims who experience abuse effects directly and indirectly. During the break time situation at SDN (Public Elementary School), 16 Pemulutan is crowded with students. They also usually play various games in the yard. A reason for sexual abuse is parents’ lack of control over their children. Childhood is when everything the children see, hear, and read influences their future, positively or negatively. Research implication: Therefore, researchers prevent the situation by giving religious education to the children. Religious education from as early as possible has a very relevant impact so that it can avoid deviant actions. Originality/value: The result of this research that became Novelty lies in how parents should be fully responsible for assisting in children's daily lives at the age of adolescence so that they can avoid unlawful acts.

Community Preparedness for Earthquakes Based on Settlement Environment Analysis.

Introduction: Bengkulu is located on an active collision zone between two tectonic plates, namely the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. As the result, earthquakes, floods, landslides, and tidal waves are common in Bengkulu. Sepang Bay is part of Bengkulu Province adjacent to the ocean, making it vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis. This study aims to examine the relationship between the residential environment and natural disaster preparedness in Sepang Bay, Bengkulu Regency. Methods: The type of research used is analytical observation with cross-sectional design. Data are collected from interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation from a total of 100 respondents selected by proportional random selection from each neighborhood in Sepang Bay Village, based on the proportion of heads of family in each neighborhood. Results and Discussion: When an earthquake occurs, there is a relationship between the residential environment and the community’s preparedness. As the existing supporting infrastructure is not properly utilized, people who live in substandard settlements do not have adequate equipment to deal with seismic disasters. When an earthquake occurs, there is a relationship between the settlement environment and the community’s preparedness. Because the existing supporting infrastructure is not being used properly, people who live in poor settlements have poor preparedness as well. Conclusion: The Sepang Bay Village Community, Bengkulu, which is located along the Panjang Beach, found a relationship between the settlement environment and earthquake preparedness (p = 0.021, PR 2.127).

RELATIONSHIP OF ORGANIC MATERIAL WITH ABUNDANCE OF TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATA ON SEDIMENT IN WATERS OF TELUK BAKAU VILLAGE BINTAN REGENCY, RIAU ISLAND PROVINCE

Dinoflagellata was included in one of microalgae groups which are on waters of the sea and the river, it can be found on detritus floats, sediments, and also swim freely. This research done on May – June 2018 at waters of the mangrove bay village, Bintan Regency, Riau Island Province. The aims of this research was to know relationship between organic material concentration toward abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellata on sediment. In addition, to analyzed organic material concentratin and amount of abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellata on sediment in waters of Teluk Bakau. The method used was survey method which is the location of sampling is done by pursosive sampling. Measurement of water quality sampling done at any point, the surface water temperature range 31-33oC, 28-31 ‰ salinity, pH 8-9 and the current speed from 0.045 to 0.051 m / det.Perairan predominantly sandy gravel sediments, making an average of organic materials ditemukn at each station is 0.027%, 0.043%, 0.033%, 0.024%. The result of this research found 3 genus of toxic dinoflagellata, which are Prorocentrum, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis. Poisonous dinoflagelatta can produced a several types of toxic that found the sea. The highest of abundance found at station 2 on 75,615 sel/m2 and the lowest found at station 1 on 35,176 sel/m2. the results of simple linear regression analysis the relationship between the concentration of organic material with the abundance of dinoflagellates has a positive relationship with the regression equation y = 32,913 + 556,13x

Lights, bats, and buildings: investigating the factors influencing roosting sites and habitat use by bats in Grand Teton National Park

Free-flying bats are highly affected by artificial night lighting, causing individuals to either 1) gather in unnaturally high densities around the light sources to exploit insects, or 2) travel increased distances to avoid light exposure. Similarly, nocturnal insects are disproportionately attracted to night lighting, trapping them until they die of exhaustion. The advent of new lighting technology which may decrease the impacts of night lighting on bats and insects by primarily producing light at wavelengths these animals are not sensitive to (i.e. in the red portion of the spectrum) is promising, however no studies have shown this at a large scale, and not in North America. Similarly, many studies on the effects of lights on bats, in general, have been on European species, and thus our overall understanding of how North American species are affected is low. Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, provides an excellent natural system to study the effects of lights on bat behavior, as well as to test possible mitigation methods, as the park supports a large community of over a dozen species, as well as sizeable human infrastructure that generates night light. From June through September, 2019, we undertook a large-scale, blocked experiment examining bat activity and space use in Colter Bay Village under both traditional street-lighting, as well as new “bat friendly” street lighting. Using both passive echolocation records and radiotelemetry, we collected data that will allow us to examine the ability of red LED streetlights to mitigate artificial light’s negative impacts on bats and insects.
 
 Featured photo from figure 2 in report.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROMOSI DAN INFORMASI WISATA PULAU CINTA

The tourism sector is a sector that has the potential to be developed as a business of local revenues, the program of development and utilization of resources and regional tourism potential is expected to contribute to economic development. One of the tours that can support the regional economy in Riau is Cinta Island, which is located in the Jering Bay Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency. The number of visitors to Pulau Cinta reaches 9000 people every month. To maintain the number of visits with the achievement of the desired target, it is necessary to analyze factors that influence promotion and information so that visitors still visit the island of love. Promotion and information are factors that will be an important role and support for adding visitors to Cinta Island. Thus, the Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) model can be used to determine the factors that influence promotion and information that are featured on the island of Cinta. The results showed that the SEM model that was built could be accepted because it fulfilled several model feasibility tests stating that the model was good-fit. The results of hypothesis testing show that attractiveness factors such as natural beauty and cleanliness and supporting factors in the form of facilities and infrastructure have a positive effect on promotion and information. While the factors of safety, accessibility, and infrastructure deserve the attention of tourism managers.

Lights, bats, and buildings: investigating the factors influencing roosting sites and habitat use by bats in Grand Teton National Park

Bats are often useful bioindicators for ecosystem health and are disproportionately affected by sources of night light. Changes in bat behavior may manifest in two different ways: 1) some bats are light-exploiting and therefore attracted to areas with light sources, and 2) some are light-shy, traveling far out of their way to avoid lit areas. Grand Teton National Park provides an excellent natural system to study the effects of lights on bat behavior, as the park supports a large community of over a dozen species, as well as sizeable human infrastructure that generates night light. From June to August 2018 we used passive acoustic monitoring and radiotelemetry to study the activity and space use of bats in Colter Bay Village, specifically in the large parking lot at the center of the village and the adjacent naturally dark areas. We recorded 98,238 echolocation call sequences from 11 species, with the vast majority (~69,000) occurring in lit areas. Further, we recorded 4,665 location fixes from 32 tagged individuals from three species and, similarly, most location fixes (2,970) were in lit areas. All day roosts were found within buildings. We discuss the importance of these results and our work moving forward.
 
 Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.

A Murder that Mattered: Sam Sheppard, the Supreme Court, and Free Press/Fair Trial

A Murder that Mattered: Sam Sheppard, the Supreme Court, and Free Press/Fair Trial ALBERT B. LAWRENCE In 1954, Bay Village, Ohio, was a quiet, developing suburb west of Cleveland on the shore of Lake Erie.1 It was the kind of safe town where residents left doors unlocked and didn’t hesitate to leave their young children alone for a few hours.2 The village’s largest employer was the Bay View Hospital, and among its most prominent citizens were the family that owned it, Dr. Richard A. Sheppard and his three sons, Richard, Stephen and Sam, all osteopaths. They also had a private practice in a nearby clinic.3 The youngest of the brothers, Samuel Holmes Sheppard, had grown up in the leafy suburb ofCleveland Heights. In 1954, he was not yet thirty years old, but he was the hospital’s chief neurosurgeon and was in charge of the emergency room. All of the Sheppards lived near the mansion that the father had converted to a 110-bed hospital in 1948. Sam, his wife, Marilyn, and their seven-year-old son, Samuel Reese Sheppard, known as “Chip,” occupied a lakefront home about a mile from the hospital. They were expecting a second child in five months.4 On Independence Day, 1954, the peace and calm ofthe small village was shattered by reports of a murder. Dr. Sam, as he was known in the community, summoned a neighbor, the village’s mayor, with the alarming news that Marilyn had been killed. She was found in a second-floor bedroom, partially dressed, her face bloodied by about two-dozen gashes across her head. Sam told police he had fallen asleep in the downstairs living room the night before, heard Marilyn call his name and ran upstairs, where he was hit by an unknown assailant. When he came to, he ran downstairs and saw a darkened figure ofa man, chased him outside and down about thirty wooden steps to the lakeshore, where Sam was knocked out again. When he regained consciousness a second time, the sun was rising and his lower extremities were washing in the surf of the lake, he claimed.5 When his brother, Stephen, arrived, he was FREE PRESS/FAIR TRIAL: THE SAM SHEPPARD CASE 161 concerned that Sam might be in shock and might have a broken neck, and he immedi­ ately drove Sam to the family hospital in a private car, shunning the emergency medical personnel that were standing by.6 An autopsy indicated that Marilyn had struggled with her assailant. She had been cut thirty-five times, her nose broken, her skull fractured and her eyelids swollen shut. A male fetus was removed from her uterus. Homicide was ruled the cause of death.7 News Coverage of the Murder and Investigation The sensational murder was front-page news the next day in all three Cleveland papers. Photographers managed a picture of Sam in his hospital room, and the publicityfriendly coroner, Dr. Samuel Gerber, allowed representatives of the Cleveland Press and Plain Dealer inside the Sheppard home to photograph the crime scene only a few hours after the murder was discovered.8 Coverage was initially sympathetic to the Sheppards, but things soon turned ugly.9 Even though the police chief had not objected, local news­ papers became suspicious when they learned from a prosecutor that Sam had been rushed to the hospital by his brother. When the family hired a lawyer, they became even more dubious.10 Stephen Sheppard recalled in a memoir of the case that, two days after the murder, “We were subjected to a noisy, jostling, semi-good-natured, semi-hostile, babbling engulfment by newspaper photog­ raphers and reporters. The photographers pointed their lenses at us and popped their flashbulbs while the reporters—men and women—crowded around us with shouted questions and flying pencils.”11 Soon, it became a national story, and “men and women all over the United States were saying the same thing: ‘Sheppard did it himself!’—a judgment based largely upon information disseminated by Ohio newspapers, television reports, and radio broadcasts,” according to one chronicler of the case.12 Sam was questioned for more than fifty hours by police...

Ethnomedicinal knowledge among the tribes of the little Andaman Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Background: In Little Andaman Island, Onges is one of the particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups settled in Dugong Creek, whereas the Nicobarese tribe resides at Harminder Bay village. Having abode in the vicinity of the forest, a strong ethnobotanical practice prevails in this Island since ancient time. Objectives: This study was an attempt to document the medicinal plants used in this Island, with a view to preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge and to protect the biodiversity of this area. Materials and Methods: Fieldwork was conducted during December 2012 and December 2014. Data were collected through interview, questionnaire, and group discussion with traditional knowledge practitioners residing in the study site. Data were analyzed to determine the informant consensus factor (ICF), family use value, and UV of the plants. Results: The study documented 42 medicinal plant species belonging to 26 families, which are used for the treatment of at least 25 different ailments. The highest ICF value (0.64) was observed for injuries and trauma. Euphorbiaceae family constituted the highest number of plant species. Plants with the highest UVs were Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Morinda citrifolia L., Zingiber squarrosum Roxb., and Eupatorium odoratum L. The most common growth form observed were shrubs (33.33%). Leaves were found to be the most frequently used plant part. Conclusions: The present study revealed the use of few endemic plants, extensively for medicinal preparation, demonstrating an effective ethnobotanical practice in the study area. In future, these plants can be subjected to bioassay-guided investigation, while other plants can be screened for their bioactivity, to determine their medicinal property. Abbreviations used: UV: Use value; FUV: Family use value; TKP: Traditional knowledge provider; ICF: Informant consent factor.

MODEL PENGELOLAAN CAGAR ALAM TELUK ADANG DALAM UPAYA KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN PASER KALIMANTAN TIMUR

This study aims to analyze Resources potentials (R), Organizations (O) and Norm (N) conservation center of Adang Bay nature reserve and village conservations area and formulate management model of Adang Bay nature reserve in the effort of conservation of environmental resources in Paser Regency of East Kalimantan. The research was conducted in eight villages with in Adang Bay reserve area (Padang Pangrapat village, Pondong Baru village, Pasir Mayang village, Muara Adang village, Air Mati village, Teluk Waru village, Muara Telake village, and Petiku village) the study was conducted in May to September 2016. The analysis used was qualitative descriptive with data collection methods by triangulation in – depth interview, observation, and FGD, researchers information were selected by the purposive method. The result of this research is to know the potential of resources contained in Adang Bay Nature reserve area of 18.956 Ha of mangrove area, community resources that live in the area as many as 14.767 people and Adang bay areas are very suitable for aquaculture of fish pond and shrimp, and the high spirit of community mutual corporation in eight conservation village, the Adang Bay Nature Reserve consist of eight definitive villages so that 30 % empowerment budget is available, as well as BUMDes that can be collaborated as a conservation village promotion effort. Adang Bay Nature Reserve Management Model that supports is Collaborative Management Model, with this model the existence of Adang Bay Reserve does not change the status of the area. The management program stages are directed to protection, preservasion, and utilization with consideration of social, economy and ecology in Adang Bay area.

STRUKTUR POPULASI REKRUT KARANG HERMATIFIK PADA METODE FISH HOME DI TELUK PALU

The goals of this research were to study the characteristics of coral recruits on Fish Home artificial reef modules at two sites with different environmental characteristics (habitat condition, physical and chemical water quality). The research was carried out from July to September 2016 at Mamboro Suburb in Palu Bay and Lero Village in Donggala District. Data were collected using SCUBA via a systematic random sampling method. Coral recruits were identified and community composition indices of abundance, distribution, diversity, evenness and dominance calculated. Water quality parameters were conducive to coral growth. The artificial substrate (fish homes) enabled coral settlement. Corals recruited mostly onto the outer walls of the fish homes, and were evenly distributed. At the Lero site, 683 colonies were counted, comprising 11 Families and 33 Genera, at Mamboro 563 colonies comprised 13 Families and 31 Genera. Dispersal patterns of the dominant group, no dominant species, average diversity and evenness.

Leagues of Their Own Design

In Great American Novel Philip Roth stretched his genius to chart the history of the Patriot League, an imaginary third major league whose existence was subsequently expunged from all record books and even from human memory owing to its nefarious demise. An actual third major league, one for women only, has similarly all but been forgotten. In 1954, for economic reasons, the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) folded its tent after a dozen seasons. Several generations of women with baseball in their blood have emerged since. Here we meet three of them who came of playing age in three very different parts of the country. three seemingly had only one thing in common before I sat down with them: each had played baseball either with or against me. But as we all talked, I discovered they have many more commonalities. Before recounting what they told me about the diverse paths they have taken to play the game at a high level in the wake of the AAGPBL'S disappearance, let me introduce them: JAN BORGIA EDWARDS was born in Cleveland in 1938 and grew up in Bay Village, Ohio, where she was a classmate of mine. She holds a BA in English from Wooster and also MAS in theater arts and counseling. After teaching in Mansfield, Illinois, she and her ex-husband moved to California where she completed a long tenure as a teacher, counselor, and coach. Following a forty-two-year career in education, Jan retired in 2003 while serving as the director of counseling at Vallejo High School. Currently she volunteers by driving high-risk patients to medical appointments and teaches adult classes on Living Well. During her playing days Jan was often called Borge, a tribute to her ferocious bat; her career BA was in the .420s and she still swings a mean golf club. SAL COATS was born in Walnut Creek, California, in 1961 and spent her early years in Piedmont before moving to Sonora during her freshman year in high school. She holds several degrees including an MA in kinesiology/teaching and coaching from California State University--Chico. In 1992-93 Sal was the second baseman for the Oakland Oaks, an otherwise all-men's baseball team for which I served as player-manager, and she later played professionally in the Ladies League Baseball, the only women's pro league since the AAGPBL to last a full season, before helping to found a California women's version of the Men's Senior Baseball League (MSBL). Following a lengthy string of jobs that allowed her ample time to pursue her first love--baseball--Sal has worked for the past eight years at Genentech, Inc., in South San Francisco. MELISSA FRYDLO is The Moll of a Million Monikers. Among them are Frid, Mel, Mo, Bird Dog, Nurse Nancy, Muff, Missy, Albie, Sadie, Moxie, and a new one she will discuss. Moxie, the nickname on her baseball card, best befits her. Moxie was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1971. After moving to Amherst, New Hampshire, when she was eight, she graduated from Milford High School in nearby Milford. Moxie holds degrees in architectural design and landscape architecture from Cazenovia College and the University of Massachusetts, respectively, and is currently a project engineer for ARCADIS in Springfield, Massachusetts. JAN: Three women meeting for the first time, we're all naturally curious about one other. I'm especially curious how Moxie acquired so many nicknames and what Sal was paid to play pro ball. MOXIE: When you play on as many teams as I have it's bound to occur. I've always felt nicknames were a sign of acceptance and even affection. In vintage baseball, which I now play, everyone has several. SAL: I pulled down $1,200 a month; I was a tough bargainer and among the higher paid players. JAN: Wow! Not bad. I know you both wonder what brought David and me together. We were the pitchers in the 5th and 6th grades for our rival crosstown elementary schools in the annual Army-Navy Game, I for the girls and he the boys. …

Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches

The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use. Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These “operational” statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data.

Occurrence ofmecAin Nonstaphylococcal Pathogens in Surface Waters

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The Dr. Sam Sheppard Trial

On July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard, the wife of a handsome thirty-year-old doctor, Sam Sheppard, was brutally murdered in the bedroom of their home in Bay Village, Ohio, on the shore of Lake Erie. Sam Sheppard denied any involvement in the murder and described his own battle with the killer he described as bushy-haired. Did Sam do it? It's rare for a murder mystery to endure for over half a century. Almost always, if the mystery is not fully resolved at the trial, subsequent admissions, previously uncovered clues, or more sophisticated forensic tests reveal what the trial did not. Not so with the Sam Sheppard case. Facing two different juries, twelve years apart, Sam Sheppard was found guilty by one jury, not guilty by the next. Even over the past decade, partisans continued the debate. A third jury in 2000, asked to consider awarding the Sheppard family damages for wrongful imprisonment, sided with county prosecutors. In 2001, a book on the Sheppard case concluded that Sam was clearly innocent. Two years later, another book on the case argued just as forcefully that the first jury got it right: Sam was guilty as charged. Apart from the large unanswered question of guilt, the Sheppard case deserves to be considered among the nation's most famous because it produced a landmark U. S. Supreme Court decision on fair trial rights and launched the career of a flamboyant young defense attorney named F. Lee Bailey. The case is also is remarkable for the unlikely collection of notable figures that touched the case, including columnist and quiz show star Dorothy Kilgallen, Cleveland Browns quarterback and NFL Hall-of-Fame member Otto Graham, and chief Nazi propagandist, Joseph Goebbels. The case also was widely associated with a popular early 60s' television show, The Fugitive.

Association between short sleeping hours and overweight in adolescents: results from a US Suburban High School survey

Insufficient sleep may lead to adverse health effects, influencing body weight. This study quantified the prevalence of short sleep and the association between sleep duration and overweight in a sample of suburban students. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004, involving 529 students from Bay High School, Bay Village, OH, USA, using self-administered questionnaires assessing lifestyle and sleep behaviors. Students with a body mass index Z Score >85th percentile for sex and age were deemed overweight. Ninety percent of students reported average sleep time less than 8 h on school nights, with 19% reported less than 6 h of sleep per night. Twenty percent of the sample were overweight. Overweight was significantly associated with the male gender, increased caffeine consumption, and short sleep duration. Compared with students sleeping >8 h, the age and gender-adjusted odds ratio of overweight was 8.53 (95% CI: 2.26, 32.14) for those with <5 h sleep (P = 0.0036); 2.79 (1.03, 7.55) for those with 5-6 h sleep; 2.81 (1.14, 6.91) for those with 6-7 h sleep; and 1.29 (0.52, 3.26) for those with 7-8 h sleep. Short sleep duration was common and associated with overweight with evidence of a "dose-response" relationship. These results confirm a high prevalence of short sleep among suburban high school students and provide additional support suggesting significant association between short sleeping hours and overweight.

Pottery from Hooper Bay Village, Alaska

Archaeological excavations along coastal Alaska from Cape Prince of Wales south to the Alaska Peninsula, a distance of approximately 2000 miles, were not initiated until 1948, when Giddings (1949) began work in the north at Cape Denbigh, and Larsen (1950) began at Bristol Bay in the southern section of this great area (see Fig. 7). During the summer of 1950 the writer carried out excavations at Hooper Bay, in approximately the center of the unworked region. Although the Hooper Bay Village material includes about 2000 artifacts and 1500 pot and lamp sherds, this paper is limited to a preliminary analysis of the cooking pots. The importance of pottery in determining the sequence within Eskimo prehistory has been neglected, in the face of the abundance of organic material which the frozen middens and house remains yield. The full significance of Alaskan pottery was not emphasized until de Laguna (1947) made her detailed study of the ware; also, Larsen (1950, p. 186) pointed out that potsherds are particularly good time indicators in a region like southwestern Alaska, where the preservation is poor. In this paper the Hooper Bay sherds are considered with particular reference to their position within the Bristol Bay-Norton Sound region and their relationship to finds of similar pottery in the north.