Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid System Research Articles

Analytical Description of the Dynamic Behaviour of the Passive Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid System

Analytical Description of the Dynamic Behaviour of the Passive Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid System

Exploring the potency of EDTA-based Ni-Co-MOF nanospheres for highly durable battery-supercapacitor hybrids

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a captivating avenue and advancement in electrode materials, revealing remarkable progress in diverse electrochemical applications. However, despite their apparent potential the persistent hurdles related to specific capacity, degradation in specific energy and power, and reproducibility of results emphasized the demand for focused investigation. This study is objectized to improve the storage capability, stability, and replicability of electrochemical outcomes in a MOF-based battery-supercapacitor hybrid system. To achieve the quest Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) based Ni-Co-MOF nanospheres were synthesized via hydrothermal route. The bimetallic MOF demonstrates unique redox behavior with a specific capacity of 474.56 C/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Simulating the experimental analysis, it was confirmed that the MOF material exhibits a dominant battery-like nature, with 94.68 % diffusion attributes at a scan rate of 3 mV/s. Integrating nanospheres MOF into an asymmetric hybrid architecture, serving as the positive electrode material, exceptional specific energy and power characteristics reaching 72.58 Wh/kg and 8500 W/kg respectively. Moreover, the MOF-based hybrid configuration demonstrated remarkable cycle stability, retaining 93.2 % of its capacity after undergoing 10,000 charge discharge cycles. Notably, the hybrid device exhibited excellent reproducibility, with a specific energy output of 71.43 Wh/kg after 40 days and 70.33 Wh/kg after 80 days under standard environmental conditions. Additionally, the simulation approach results indicated that the battery-supercapacitor hybrid device exhibited a diffusion dominance of 76.42 % at a scan rate of 30 mV/s and a capacitive contribution of 61.66 % at 100 mV/s. These promising findings underscore the potential of Ni-Co-MOF-based hybrid configuration as a strong entrant for practical applications in efficient energy storage systems.

Metal-Free On-Chip Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid System Based on Rationally Designed Highly Conducting Laser-Irradiated Graphene-Based Electrodes

Battery–supercapacitor hybrid (BSH) devices generally provide both high energy and power density but usually suffer from the serious electrochemical kinetics mismatch of cathodes and anodes mainly due to complex faradaic reactions of the unmatched battery-type electrodes used for charge storage, which inevitably degrade rate capability and power density. In this work, we have grown MnO2 nanoflowers and polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles uniformly on a conducting laser-irradiated graphene (LIG) network. This work also demonstrates a high-performing rechargeable Zn-MnO2 battery system based on a zinc anode and LIG@MnO2 cathode in a mild acidic electrolyte, which delivers good storage capacity with extreme stability under optimized electrolyte conditions. For the very first time, a BSH system was designed utilizing LIG@PPy as a supercapacitive electrode and LIG@MnO2 as a battery electrode in a mild electrolyte system of 1 M ZnSO4 + 0.2 M MnSO4. The BSH full cell exhibited enhanced energy density and promising Zn-ion storage capability. The in-house made on-chip BSH cell exhibits high capacity (2.97 mAh cm–2), a cell voltage of 1.9 V, and a 97.8% capacitive retention after 9000 continuous charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, the assembled LIG@MnO2//LIG@PPy BSH system delivers a total energy density of 5.9 mWh cm–2, among the highest values achieved in aqueous hybrid storage devices.

The control of lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors in hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles: A review

This article discusses control solutions for hybrid energy systems composed of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors for electric vehicles. The advantages and disadvantages of the respective systems of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors as well as hybrid systems are discussed. This article summarizes the research on behavior modeling, optimal configuration, energy management, and so on from the two levels of energy storage components and energy storage systems, and provides theoretical and methodological support for the application and management of hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles. First, it summarizes the research progress of the hybrid energy system of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors and its research significance for the development of electric vehicles. Then the circuit models of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are analyzed, and the control results of the respective systems and hybrid systems under different research methods are introduced to optimize resource allocation. Then based on the energy management and control strategy, the deficiencies of the respective research methods are analyzed. Finally, we emphasized and summarized some key issues for future research in this field. Therefore, the control optimization of hybrid systems has become the focus of the long-term development of electric vehicles. An overview of the lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid system. Analyze the optimization strategy of lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid system from energy management. Summarize the circuit research of the hybrid system.

Battery super-capacitor hybrid system for electrical vehicle transportation's systems – an energy integrated approach

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) generally comprises of two different energy sources combined with power electronic converters. This article uses a battery super-capacitor based HESS with an adaptive λ tracking control strategy. The proposed control strategy is to preserve battery life, while operating at transient conditions of the load. The proposed control strategy comprises of a gain adaptation algorithm, combined with a dead-zone induced feedback. The closed loop system under the influence of this feedback scheme, is proved to be is robust against variation in operating conditions, parameter uncertainties and measurement noise. Unlike the earlier adaptive controllers for HESS, this strategy does not involve any parameter adaptation routine. Hence, this controller is computationally less intensive and better suited for practical applications involving uncertain environmental conditions. The efficacy of the proposed strategy is verified through numerical simulations and experimental scenarios.

Hardware implementation of an improved control strategy for battery–supercapacitor hybrid system in electric vehicles

This study deals with the implementation of an efficient control strategy using battery–supercapacitor for an electric vehicle driven by a permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The whole system consists of two parts: the energy management system and the traction system. The energy management system is mainly composed of a fuzzy-Lyapunov controller used to regulate both the current sources and the DC-bus voltage. For the traction system, direct torque control based on 12 sectors drive is used for the control of the motor to ensure both decoupled flux and torque with low ripple compared with the conventional Direct Torque Control (DTC). To make a comparative study for the energy management system, two strategies of energy management have been implemented. The first strategy does not include the regulation of the supercapacitor voltage, whereas the second one is based on the regulation of the supercapacitor voltage to protect it from deep discharge and avoid short circuit. The experimental tests were implemented using two dSPACE 1104 implementation boards. The results show that the system under the second energy control strategy works perfectly and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control technique.

배터리-슈퍼커패시터 하이브리드 에너지 저장시스템을 적용한 무선 헤어아이론

To address the shortcomings of existing wireless hair-iron, it proposes wireless hair-iron technology that applies power conversion technology and battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system. Methods for solving the problem of low temperature control precision and relatively long heating time of existing wireless hair-iron are presented, and also the power conversion circuit and operation sequence for optimal operation of battery-supercapacitor hybrid system are proposed for increasing battery life and using time. It is required to verify the excellence of the proposed power conversion circuit and operation sequence through simulation and experiment, and to verify that it has a 35% level heating time and 120% using time compared to the existing hair-iron, and a temperature control error of 5% or less.

Through a hydrothermal phosphatization method synthesized NiCo and Fe-based electrodes for high-performance battery-supercapacitor hybrid device

It is a challenge to build a hybrid energy storage system by combining the power of supercapacitors with the energy of batteries. In this work, an effective and promising phosphatized method using aluminium phosphide as phosphorus source was proposed to prepare metal phosphides. The introduction of water vapor in phosphatized process not only participates in the reaction, but also accelerates the etching and phosphatization of electrode, which promotes the formation of characteristic architecture. Then, NiCo and Fe-based electrodes were synthesized through hydrothermal phosphatization. The NiCoP/nickel foam (NiCoP/NF) electrodes which have favorable electrochemical performance at high current densities achieved a high areal capacity (19.90 F cm−2 at 50 mA cm−2) and favorable cycling stability (capacity retention of 92% at a high current density of 50 mA cm−2 after 2000 cycles). Furthermore, we successfully built NiCoP/NF//FexPOy/IF battery-supercapacitor hybrid system with advanced electrochemical performance. The device possesses a high areal capacity of 6.28 F cm−2, a maximum volumetric energy density of 56.11 mW h cm−3 and power density of 0.642 W cm−3. These results confirm that the phosphatized method is promising for the preparation of metal compounds, and the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system effectively combine the merits of supercapacitors and batteries, indicating the Fe-based electrode as a potentially candidate for next generation anode for hybrid systems.

Battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for wind power suppression based on the turbulence model of wind speed

Based on the turbulence model, the volatility of real-time wind speed is discussed, which is composed of an average component and a fluctuant component. By deriving the probability density function of fluctuant wind speed and investigating the probability density curve, the authors decompose the fluctuant wind power into the steady fluctuation and peak fluctuation. According to the properties of steady fluctuation and peak fluctuation, the authors determine that the energy storage system applied into the real-time wind power fluctuation should be of the performance of high power density, high energy density and long cycle life. Through the comparative analysis on the energy storage performance, the battery and supercapacitor are proved to be suitable for regulating the steady and peak fluctuation, respectively. According to that task assignment, the energy storage performance of a battery–supercapacitor hybrid system is investigated. Based on the wind power decomposition, this study develops a new capacity configuration method for the hybrid system and gives an example analysis. By that method, the battery and supercapacitor in the hybrid system can be allocated proper energy and power capacity to balance the steady and peak fluctuation, respectively. Consequently, their energy storage merits can be fully utilised.

A New Topology Pattern for AC-DC Mixed Microgrid

In order to realize the modular design of the microgrid, this paper proposed a new modular topology for the AC-DC mixed microgrid. In that topology, the AC microgrid unit and the DC microgrid unit were packaged together by the back-to-back converter. The battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system was connected to the DC bus of back-to-back converter. By the reasonable design on the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system, the energy storage system could supply the rapid power and energy support for the microgrid spontaneously. The mathematical model and the control algorithm of that microgrid topology were studied. By the simulation analysis, it can be concluded that AC-DC mixed modular microgrid topology could operate steadily on both the grid-connected mode and the isolated mode. Furthermore, we can conclude by the simulation that the designed modular microgrid could operate uninterrupted when the microgrid topology switched from the grid-connected mode to the isolated mode. The seamless switching became the natural property for the modular microgrid. As a result, the modular microgrid topology can be considered as a usual power/load module to realize the friendly power interaction with the power grid.

The Review on the Topology of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid System Applied into the Real-Time Wind Power Suppression

The energy storage technique is one of the most effective means for the real-time wind power regulation. Firstly, this paper discussed the operation mode of energy storage system for real-time wind power regulation. At the same time, we proposed that the energy storage system applied into the real-time wind power regulation should be of the properties of high power density, high energy density and long cycle life. By analyzing the properties of battery and supercapacitor, we arrive at the conclusion that the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system obtains the enhanced characteristics to meet the performance requirement for energy storage system. In order to achieve the real-time wind power suppression, we carried out a comparative research on the topology of battery-supercapacitor hybrid system. The operation mode of each topology was discussed. From the standpoint of practical engineering, the merits and deficiencies of each topology were explored.

Energy Management Strategy Based on Frequency-Varying Filter for the Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid System of Electric Vehicles

Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), which combines the battery and supercapacitor (SC), is a potential solution for the energy system of Electric Vehicles (EV). In this paper, a battery and SC hybrid system for small-scale EV with Energy Management Strategy (EMS) and power interface design is introduced. The energy management and power sharing strategy based on frequency-varying filter method is proposed, aiming to realize both high energy density output and high power density output from HESS. The design and control aspects of the converter as the interface of SC bank are introduced. The experiment results in reduced scale test validate that the energy management strategy is effective and the converter control satisfies the requirement of HESS in our hybrid EV prototype.

Constant-current regulator-based battery-supercapacitor hybrid architecture for high-rate pulsed load applications

Modern batteries provide high discharging efficiency, but the rate capacity effect in these batteries drastically decreases the discharging efficiency as the load current increases. Electric double layer capacitors, or simply supercapacitors, have extremely low internal resistance, and a battery-supercapacitor hybrid may mitigate the rate capacity effect for high pulsed discharging current. However, a hybrid architecture comprising a simple parallel connection does not perform well when the supercapacitor capacity is small, which is a typical situation because of the low energy density and high cost of supercapacitors.This paper presents a new battery-supercapacitor hybrid system that employs a constant-current regulator isolating the battery from supercapacitor to improve the end-to-end efficiency from the battery to the load while accounting for the rate capacity effect for the Li-ion batteries and the conversion efficiency data for the regulator. We optimize the system in terms of a delivered energy density which is an end-to-end energy delivery per unit volume of the energy storage elements. We evaluate the delivered energy density with the aid of detailed simulations and develop a design space exploration algorithm based on the characteristics of the proposed architecture. We achieve 7.7% improvement in deliverable energy density over conventional parallel connection of battery and supercapacitor.

Preparation and electrochemical performance of hyper-networkedLi4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanofiber sheets for a battery–supercapacitor hybrid system

Hyper-networked Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanofiber sheets that contain both a faradaically rechargeable battery-type component, namelyLi4Ti5O12, and a non-faradaically rechargeable supercapacitor-type component, namely N-enrichedcarbon, are prepared by electrospinning and their dual function as a negativeelectrode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and a capacitor is tested for a new classof hybrid energy storage (denoted BatCap). An aqueous solution composed ofpolyvinylpyrrolidone, lithium hydroxide, titanium(IV) bis(ammonium-lactato)dihydroxideand ammonium persulfate is electrospun to obtain hyper-networked nanofibersheets. Next, the sheets are exposed to pyrrole monomer vapor to preparethe polypyrrole-coated nanofiber sheets (PPy–HNS). The hyper-networkedLi4Ti5O12/N-enriched carbon hybrid nanofiber sheets (LTO/C-HNS) are then obtained by a stepwiseheat treatment of the PPy–HNS. The LTO/C-HNS deliver a specific capacity of135 mAh g − 1 at4000 mA g − 1 as a negative electrode for LIBs. In addition, potentiodynamic experimentsare performed using a full cell with activated carbon (AC) as the positiveelectrode and LTO/C-HNS as the negative electrode to estimate the capacitanceproperties. This new asymmetric electrode system exhibits a high energy density of91 W kg − 1 and22 W kg − 1 at powerdensities of 50 W kg − 1 and 4000 W kg − 1, respectively, which are superior to the values observed for the symmetric electrode system.