Battery Performance Research Articles

Effect of concentration of dextrose-derived hard carbon anode on the electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries

Effect of concentration of dextrose-derived hard carbon anode on the electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries

Is driving an electric two-wheeler (E2W) safe? Analysing safety risk factors of E2W considering the quality and reliability criteria

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify and analyse the perceived risk factors affecting the safety of electric two-wheeler (E2W) riders in urban areas. Given the exponential growth of the global E2W market and the notable challenges offered by E2W vehicles as compared to electric cars, the study aims to propose a managerial framework, to increase the penetration of E2W in the emerging market, as a reliable, and sustainable mobility alternative.Design/methodology/approachThe perceived risk factors of riding E2Ws are relatively scanty, especially in the context of emerging economies. A mixed-method research design is adopted to achieve the research objectives. Four expert groups are interviewed to identify crucial safety risk E2W factors. The grey-Delphi technique is used to confirm the applicability of the extracted risk factors in the Indian context. Next, the Grey-Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique is employed to reveal the causal-prominence relationship among the perceived risk factors. The dominance and prominence scores are used to perform Cause and Effect analysis and estimate the triggering risk factors.FindingsThe finding of the study suggests that reckless adventurism, adverse road conditions, individual characteristics and distraction caused by using mobile phones, as the topmost triggering risk factors that impact the safety of E2Ws drivers. Similarly, reliability on battery performance low velocity and heavy traffic conditions are found to be some of the critical safety factors.Practical implicationsE2Ws are anticipated to represent the future of sustainable mobility in emerging nations. While they provide convenient and quick transportation for daily urban commutes, certain risk factors are contributing to increased accident rates. This research analyses these risk factors to offer a comprehensive view of driver and rider safety. Unlike conventional measures, it considers subjective quality and reliability parameters, such as battery performance and reckless adventurism. Identifying the most significant causal risk factors helps policymakers focus on the most prominent issues, thereby enhancing the adoption of E2Ws in emerging markets.Originality/valueWe have proposed an integrated framework that uses grey theory with Delphi and DEMATEL to analyse the safety risk factors of driving E2W vehicles considering the uncertainty. In addition, the amalgamation of Delphi and DEMATEL helps not only to identify the pertinent safety risk factors, but also bifurcate them into cause-and-effect groups considering the mutual relationship between them. The framework will enable practitioners and policymakers to design preventive strategies to minimize risk and boost the penetration of E2Ws in an emerging country, like India.

Experimental investigation on thermal performance of battery using composite phase change material

Experimental investigation on thermal performance of battery using composite phase change material

Polymeric Ionic Liquid‐Enabled In Situ Protection of Li Anodes for High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries

Redox mediators (RMs) have shown promise in enhancing Li‐O2 battery cycling stability by reducing overpotential. However, their application is hindered by the shuttle effect, leading to RM loss and Li anode corrosion. Here, we introduce a polyionic liquid, poly (1‐Butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimine)) ([PBVIm]‐ TFSI) as an additive, showcasing a novel Li anode protection strategy for LiI‐mediated Li‐O2 batteries. [PBVIm]+ cations migrate to the Li anode, forming a protective cationic shield that promotes uniform Li+ deposition. The addition of [PBVIm]‐TFSI enhances the cycling stability, achieving 105 cycles at 200 mA·g‐1, compared to the cell with LiI which exhibited 38 cycles under the same conditions. Synchrotron X‐ray tomography reveals the evolution of this protective layer, providing insights into its formation mechanism, in conjunction with XPS analysis. Our findings offer a new approach to Li anode protection in Li‐O2 batteries, emphasizing the critical role of interfacial engineering for battery performance.

CeVO4/KB Nanoparticles on Shuttle Effect Inhibition in Lithium-Sulfur Battery Separator Modification.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries display promise as redox-based batteries, where separators are an essential part of preventing short-circuiting of the positive and negative electrodes, while the shuttle effect is a critical issue of separators. Currently, commercial PP separators are weak in inhibiting the polysulfides shuttling, so modified separators are needed to inhibit it to improve the battery performance. This paper reports that CeVO4/KB composites act as separator materials. CeVO4/KB modified PP separators enhanced the adsorption of LiPSs, accelerated the rate of Li+ migration, and catalyzed the conversion of LiPSs. These bring about the effect that CeVO4/KB/PP batteries reach 1200.9 mAh g-1 in the first cycle with a capacity retention rate of 86.5 % after 100 cycles at 0.2 C and reach 882.7 mAh g-1 of the initial cycle with a capacity decay rate of 0.063 % after 1000 cycles at 3 C. This work introduces rare earth metal vanadates to modify the separator, adding new ideas for designing separators for good-performance batteries.

Rational Electrode Design for Enhanced Battery Performance: Addressing SOC Heterogeneity and Achieving Energy Density

AbstractThe heterogeneity in the state of charge (SOC) across electrodes can significantly abbreviate battery lifespan, deteriorate safety metrics, and diminish capability rate. Despite being a known issue for some time, the factors contributing to this phenomenon have not been systematically summarized. Without a thorough understanding of the underlying causes, it is difficult to devise preventive strategies that can effectively enhance electrode behavior. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors inducing electrode SOC heterogeneity, identifying the unequal distribution of ions and electrons as the primary cause of the varied reaction rates across the electrode, which ultimately leads to SOC heterogeneity. Subsequently, preventive measures are outlined with a focus on electrode composition and structure. Furthermore, implications of SOC heterogeneity and the challenges associated with achieving both large power density and high energy density in electrodes are discussed. A more profound grasp of the mechanisms governing ion and electron conduction, coupled with materials that can resolve these dilemmas into win–win outcomes, is essential for the advancement of electrodes.

Enhancing Battery Performance through Solvation Structure Modulation of Iron–Chromium Electrolytes Using Guanidine Hydrochloride

Enhancing Battery Performance through Solvation Structure Modulation of Iron–Chromium Electrolytes Using Guanidine Hydrochloride

Experimental and Computational Analysis of Slurry‐Based Manufacturing of Solid‐State Battery Composite Cathode

The rheological properties of the electrode slurry significantly influence the manufacturing process of solid‐state batteries, affecting coating quality and the resulting cathode microstructure. The correlation between slurry attributes and final electrode characteristics is analyzed using particle size and solid content as key metrics. The performed coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Li6PS5Cl composite electrodes closely fit experimental viscosity, indicating the model's suitability for predicting slurry behavior. Then the microstructural properties of the dry and calendered electrodes are calibrated with the experiments. The simulation workflow is fitted completely using only two sets of force fields, one for the slurry and the other for the dry state of the electrode. The effective electronic conductivities are contingent on the particle size, without showing significant limitation on cathode rate capabilities. This comprehensive study highlights the intricate interplay between slurry solid content, microstructure design, and manufacturing processes in optimizing solid‐state battery performance. Consistent slurry characteristics are crucial for uniform electrode coating while optimizing particle size and solid content improves electrode porosity. The findings provide valuable insights for enhancing solid‐state battery design and manufacturing processes for the adaptation of already established scaling up technologies.

Based on an environmental-friendly society, material modification technique to improve the performance of the lithium-ion battery

Based on an environmental-friendly society, material modification technique to improve the performance of the lithium-ion battery

Covalently Anchoring an Ultrathin Conformal SiOx Coating on Polyolefin Separator for Enhanced Lithium Metal Battery Performance

AbstractSurface modification of separators with inorganic oxide ceramics such as SiOx, Al2O3, and TiO2 has emerged as a promising strategy to suppress lithium dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries, thereby enhancing safety and extending battery life. However, the binder‐dependent nature of these modifications often leads to increased separator thickness and a heightened risk of detachment during lithium plating, ultimately compromising both battery performance and energy density. In this study, a conformal, ultrathin (≈20 nm) SiOx coating with strong covalent bonding is grown on a porous separator through a liquid polymer‐derived method. Compared to the pristine polyethylene (PE) separators, this SiOx‐co‐PE separator exhibits significantly improved electrolyte wettability, mechanical strength, and thermal stability without any increase in thickness, leading to vastly enhanced cycling stability and dendrite resistance in cells with Li metal anodes. In a practical demonstration, a 402.9 Wh·kg−1 Li‐S pouch cell, with a high sulfur loading of 9 mg cm−2 and a low E/S ratio of 3.3 µL mg−1, is assembled with the SiOx‐co‐PE separator, achieving stable cycling over 70 cycles at 25 °C.

Boosting sodium-ion battery performance with vanadium substituted Fe, Ni dual doped fluorophosphate cathode over a wide temperature range

Recently, polyanionic material has been identified as the most attractive choice for the cathode in sodium-ion batteries. However, the poor electronic conductivity of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) limits its electrochemical performance, while the presence of vanadium increases material costs. To address these challenges, we have synthesized carbon-coated Fe, Ni dual-doped NVPF (Na3V1.9Fe0.01Ni0.09(PO4)2F3) via a rota tumbler assisted sol-gel process and reported for the first time. Comprehensive studies reveal that dual doping significantly affects the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the material. Rietveld refinement shows that doping adjusts the crystal structure, enlarging Na⁺ diffusion pathways and enhancing diffusion kinetics. Na3V1.9Fe0.01Ni0.09(PO4)2F3 exhibits a superior capacity of 115.58 mAhg−1 at 0.1C, 92.86 mAhg−1 at 2C, 87.79 % cyclic retention at 2C after 500 cycles. The optimized material demonstrates robust performance across a wide temperature range (55 °C to −21.1 °C). Furthermore, full-cell constructed using Na3V1.9Fe0.01Ni0.09(PO4)2F3 as cathode and hard carbon as anode delivers an impressive capacity of 87.01 mAhg−1 at 1C and a retention of 94.50 % for 100 cycles at 0.5C. Moreover, reducing the vanadium content in the cathode helps lower the overall manufacturing costs. Our research demonstrates that Na3V1.9Fe0.01Ni0.09(PO4)2F3 is a promising option for a high-performance cathode in sodium-ion batteries.

Energy Sources and Battery Thermal Energy Management Technologies for Electrical Vehicles: A Technical Comprehensive Review

Electric vehicles are increasingly seen as a viable alternative to conventional combustion-engine vehicles, offering advantages such as lower emissions and enhanced energy efficiency. The critical role of batteries in EVs drives the need for high-performance, cost-effective, and safe solutions, where thermal management is key to ensuring optimal performance and longevity. This study is motivated by the need to address the limitations of current battery thermal management systems (BTMS), particularly the effectiveness of cooling methods in maintaining safe operating temperatures. The hypothesis is that immersion cooling offers superior thermal regulation compared to the widely used indirect liquid cooling approach. Using MATLAB Simulink, this research investigates the dynamic thermal behaviour of three cooling systems, including air cooling, indirect liquid cooling, and immersion cooling, by comparing their performance with an uncooled battery. The results show that immersion cooling outperforms indirect liquid cooling in terms of temperature control and safety, providing a more efficient solution. These findings challenge the existing literature, positioning immersion cooling as the optimal BTMS. The main contribution of this paper lies in its comprehensive evaluation of cooling technologies and its validation of immersion cooling as a superior method for enhancing EV battery performance.

A Versatile Method for Preparation of BrCOFs Aerogels and Efficient Functionalization via Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) aerogels solve the restrictions on processability and application caused by the insolubility and non‐fusibility of powders while avoiding the inaccessibility of pore structures by dense stacking. At the current start‐up stage where COFs aerogels are scarce and difficult to synthesize, design of generalized synthetic methods play an indispensable role in guiding and developing COFs aerogels. Moreover, evolving the functionality of COF aerogels is equal vital, which achieves higher performance and broader practical applications. In this work, for the first time, processable BrCOFs aerogels have been synthesized without vacuum by seven kind polar solvents, which realizes general preparation of BrCOFs aerogels. It is extremely friendly to the inapplicability for some scenarios. Furthermore, by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, BrCOFs aerogels are endows with cyano groups (‐CN), trifluoromethyl (‐CF3) and methyl sulfonyl (‐SO2‐CH3) efficiently. As a proof‐of‐concept, BrCOFs‐SO2‐CH3 aerogels served as a quasi‐solid electrolyte for lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs), which effectively enhance the performance of batteries.

Electrochemical and Thermal Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Battery Pack With Different Cell Configurations

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the effects of various discharge rates and cell configurations on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of a Li‐ion battery pack that is exposed to ambient air throughout the discharge process. The three‐dimensional numerical model is designed to accomplish this purpose and discusses two different cases. While the discharge rate is changed from 0.5 C to 2 C (stepping by 0.5 C) for each cell configuration considered in the first case, the numerical solutions are obtained for the various cell configurations (6S4P and 8S3P) by keeping the discharge rate constant at 1 C. The results obtained from these solutions show that the discharge rate affects a considerable amount of the battery performances and discharge times of the battery packs, activation, and ohmic losses occurring inside each battery cell. Moreover, 6S4P discharges over a longer period (about 25%) than 8S3P. While both activation and ohmic losses decrease with the increase of discharge rate, these losses remain almost constant at 0.5 C discharge rate in all analyzed conditions. As a result, having a battery pack with a long discharge time while maintaining low temperatures is useful and desired. With this in mind, while evaluating battery packs, the 6S4P battery pack looks to have the best arrangement.

Polypyrrole-coated triple-layer yolk-shell Fe2O3 anode materials with their superior overall performance in lithium-ion batteries

Polypyrrole-coated triple-layer yolk-shell Fe2O3 anode materials with their superior overall performance in lithium-ion batteries

A tripartite synergistic optimization strategy for zinc-iodine batteries

The energy industry has taken notice of zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries for their high safety, low cost, and attractive energy density. However, the shuttling of I3− by-products at cathode electrode and dendrite issues at Zn metal anode result in short cycle lifespan. Here, a tripartite synergistic optimization strategy is proposed, involving a MXene cathode host, a n-butanol electrolyte additive, and the in-situ solid electrolyte interface (SEI) protection. The MXene possesses catalytic ability to enhance the reaction kinetics and reduce I3− by-products. Meanwhile, the partially dissolved n-butanol additive can work synergistically with MXene to inhibit the shuttling of I3−. Besides, the n-butanol and I− in the electrolyte can synergistically improve the solvation structure of Zn2+. Moreover, an organic-inorganic hybrid SEI is in situ generated on the surface of the Zn anode, which induces stable non-dendritic zinc deposition. As a result, the fabricated batteries exhibit a high capacity of 0.30 mAh cm−2 and a superior energy density of 0.34 mWh cm−2 at a high specific current of 5 A g−1 across 30,000 cycles, with a minimal capacity decay of 0.0004% per cycle. This work offers a promising strategy for the subsequent research to comprehensively improve battery performance.

Prediction of Lithium-Ion Battery Health Using GRU-BPP

Accurate prediction of lithium-ion batteries’ (LIBs) state-of-health (SOH) is crucial for the safety and maintenance of LIB-powered systems. This study addresses the variability in degradation trajectories by applying gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks alongside principal component analysis (PCA), Granger causality, and K-means clustering to analyze the relationships between operating conditions—such as temperature and load profiles—and battery performance degradation. This paper uses a publicly accessible dataset derived by aging three prismatic LIB cells under a realistic forklift operation profile. First, we identify the features that are relevant to driving variance, then we employ the winning algorithm of K-means clustering for the classification of operational states. Granger causality later investigates the inter-group relationships. Our GRU-BPP model achieves an RMSE value of 0.167 and an MAE of 0.129 for the reference performance testing (RPT) dataset and an RMSE of 0.032 with an MAE of 0.025 for the aging dataset, thus outperformed benchmark methods such as GRU, LME, and XGBoost. These results further enhance the predictiveness and robustness of this approach and yield a holistic solution to the conventional challenges in battery management and their remaining useful life (RUL) predictions.

Enhancing Battery Performance and Safety Through Nanomaterial Coatings

The global transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial for reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and combating climate change. Although EVs offer environmental and economic advantages, battery performance challenges such as electrode degradation and electrolyte decomposition hinder their widespread adoption. This paper investigates the use of nanomaterials in battery coatings and membranes to improve EV battery performance and lifespan. Conductive polymers like Polyaniline (PANI), carbon-based materials such as g-C₃N₄/CNTs, and α-Fe₂O₃@C are explored for their capacity to enhance electrode stability, electrical conductivity, and specific capacity. Additionally, the paper addresses how nanocoatings mitigate issues like electrode degradation, parasitic reactions, and thermal management, ultimately extending battery life and improving safety. By integrating nanotechnology, significant advancements in battery efficiency, longevity, and safety can be achieved, making EVs a more viable and sustainable transportation option. These developments are essential for achieving global carbon reduction goals and supporting a cleaner future.

Improving Energy Density in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Nanomaterials

Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal in modern energy storage, powering everything from consumer electronics to electric vehicles. Despite their advantages, current materials limit their energy density, particularly for electric vehicles. This paper explores the potential of nanomaterials to enhance lithium-ion battery performance, focusing on anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes. The study discusses the limitations of traditional graphite anodes and highlights nanostructured silicon and metal oxides as alternatives to significantly increase capacity and reduce volume expansion. For cathodes, it examines how nanomaterials like S-TiO2 yolk-shell structures and high-voltage cathode materials can improve energy density and stability. The role of nanostructured solid electrolytes in enhancing ionic conductivity and overall battery performance is also analyzed. The paper addresses the challenges of using nanomaterials, such as higher costs and the need for scalable production methods. It suggests future research directions, including optimizing nanostructures and developing cost-effective manufacturing processes. The findings underscore the potential of nanotechnology to overcome current limitations and significantly boost the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.

Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Using Construction Wastes: A Sustainable Approach to High-Loading Sulfur Cathodes.

Advancing lithium-sulfur battery technology requires addressing both extrinsic cell-fabrication and intrinsic material challenges to improve efficiency, cyclability, and environmental sustainability. A key challenge is the low conductivity of sulfur cathodes, which is typically managed by incorporating conductive carbon materials. These materials enhance the performance of sulfur cathodes by facilitating high sulfur loading and improving polysulfide retention. In line with green chemistry principles and circular economy concepts, this study explores the use of recycled materials-specifically recycled quartz and board-as substrates for graphene coatings in lithium-sulfur cells. Recycled quartz bricks and blocks, predominantly SiO2, and recycled shelf boards, rich in Al2O3, are successfully coated with graphene, which significantly improves polysulfide adsorption and overall battery performance. The graphene-coated quartz exhibits high sulfur loading (8 mg cm-2), exceptional charge-storage capacity (1,114 mA·h g-1), and long cycle stability (200 cycles) with an energy density of 19 mW·h cm-2. This approach enhances the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur cells and also aligns with sustainability goals by repurposing waste materials and minimizing environmental impact. This novel methodology demonstrates that integrating recycled materials can effectively address key challenges in lithium-sulfur battery technology, advancing both performance and environmental sustainability.