Battery Backup System Research Articles

Analysis for the Implementation of Distributed Renewable Energy Generation Systems for Areas of High Vulnerability Due to Hillside Movements: Case Study of Marianza-Cuenca, Ecuador

This research presents a renewable energy system that takes advantage of the energy potential available in the territory. This study emerges as a relevant option to provide solutions to geological risk areas where there are buildings that, due to emergency situations at certain times of the year during deep winter, are a target of danger and where its inhabitants would find it difficult to abandon their properties. The record of mass movements covering the city of Cuenca-Ecuador and part of the province has shown that the main triggering factor of this type of movement comprises the geological characteristics of tertiary formations characterized by lithological components that become unstable in the presence of water and due to their slopes being pronounced. Hybrid systems are effective solutions in distributed electricity generation, especially when it comes to helping people and their buildings in times of great need and the required electricity generation is basic. A hybrid photovoltaic, wind and hydrokinetic system has been designed that supplies electrical energy to a specific area on the opposite geographical side that is completely safe. The renewable energy system is connected to the public electricity grid available on site; however, in the event of an emergency the grid is disconnected for safety and only the hybrid system will work with the support of a battery backup system. In this study, the Homer Pro simulation tool was used and its results indicate that renewable systems that include PV, HKT and WT elements are economically viable, with a COE of USD 0.89/kWh.

Review on microgrids design and monitoring approaches for sustainable green energy networks

Microgrids are power distribution systems that can operate either in a grid-connected configuration or in an islanded manner, depending on the availability of decentralized power resources, such as sustainable or non-sustainable power sources, battery backup systems, and power demands. The extensive adoption of inverter-based systems poses numerous technological challenges, necessitating a centralized management system to assure the system reliability and monitoring of the energy delivery networks. Thus, this research begins by highlighting these significant obstacles and then analyzes the present-day advances in multilevel control architecture for delivering on promised functionality. This article also discusses the development of innovative control technologies, such as introducing collaborative distributed approaches and reducing conventional three-stage patriarchal administration to fewer stages of system integration and functioning.

Energy Assessment of Solar Power Plant On-Grid Bi-direction 3 KW 1 Phase

The potential for generating electricity from solar energy as one of the renewable energies is suitable for rural areas, small populations, or communal systems. However, this type of power plant requires a high investment budget. Photovoltaic power systems must be designed to meet the demand for electrical energy but require a large supply. To build a more efficient system, it is necessary to build a communal system. For a small population, a 3000-watt power generation system is made. It will be distributed directly to users; a 5000-watt system is made for a larger area. It will be distributed directly to users and interconnected between generators with the principle of load control. In this study, a solar power plant (PLTS) was designed with an on-grid bidirectional system. Solar panels' conversion of electrical energy is channeled to users and stored in a battery backup system. This PLTS system produces a maximum power of 3000 watts by using 8 units of 450wp solar panels, an inverter with a 48-volt on or off-grid mode system, and 4 12V 200 Ah backup batteries. From the measurement results, the PLTS system will start converting DC current into AC with a radiation value of 356 to 1258 W/m2. Produce on-grid AC current energy, a maximum of 2297 watts, and charge backup batteries with DC current, a maximum of 14.3 A. This on-grid (bidirectional) backup PLTS system can convert DC current into AC, supply it directly to the network electricity (grid), and perform energy backups when solar energy is not energized.

Go Science Drone Med Box – Medical Emergency Drone for Emergency Healthcare Management

The Medical Emergency Drone Box stands as a transformative development in healthcare technology, designed to address a spectrum of emergency medical needs. This paper delineates the comprehensive capabilities of the device, which ranges from its potential role in rural healthcare support to its utilization in critical emergencies, road accidents, and even organ transportation. The device integrates advanced sensors, such as body temperature and pulse detection units, to facilitate real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making during medical interventions. It also incorporates a WiFi module and microcontrollers for efficient data transmission and seamless connectivity. To ensure the maintenance of required medical standards, the drone box includes a heating and cooling system for preserving critical medical supplies. The cloud-based storage of sensor data allows healthcare professionals to remotely access vital information in real-time. Moreover, the device is built to operate effectively even in regions with limited electrical access, courtesy of its robust battery backup system. Additional features include charging units and an assortment of essential medical equipment like portable defibrillators and drilling machines. Solar Panels are also added as a redundant power support. This paper aims to showcase the multifaceted features, data-centric functionalities, and the enormous potential the Medical Emergency Drone Box holds in revolutionizing emergency healthcare delivery across diverse settings. Developed by Go Science Technical Team. IndexTerms – Go Science, Medical Emergency Drone Box, Healthcare Innovation, Critical medical Interventions, Sensor Technology, Real-Time Data Monitoring, Data Transmission, Battery Back-up, Rural healthcare, Road Accidents, Organ Transportation, Cloud Data Storage, Portable Medical Equipment.

The impact of the increasing residential battery backup systems on load shedding

The impact of the increasing residential battery backup systems on load shedding

Design of a Solar-Powered Water Pumping System for Irrigation in Sukkur, Pakistan

This paper presents the design of a solar-powered water pumping system that would be used for irrigation in Sukkur, Pakistan. A dependable model of the pumping system as well as the solar system is designed in PVsyst and HOMER softwares to establish the practical and economic viability of solar-powered water pumping system at the site. The proposed system consists of a submersible centrifugal multistage deep well pump and sixty 480 W solar modules. For the purpose of evaluating the backup system’s viability, a battery backup system is also connected to the system. The obtained results show that the proposed solar-powered water pumping system is a potential candidate and a viable option for employment at the selected site and at other sites that have the same conditions for water pumping and irrigation. Moreover, when compared to the cost of using nonrenewable resources, operating and maintenance costs for renewable energy systems are more manageable.

IoT-Powered UPS Battery Monitoring: Ensuring High availability and reliability for Critical Systems

An Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) is a critical component in any high availability system. However, the effectiveness of a UPS depends largely on its battery backup, which must be continuously monitored to ensure that it is working properly. In the past, this monitoring has been done manually or through local monitoring systems, but advances in IoT technology now make it possible to remotely monitor the status of UPS batteries and receive real-time alerts if any issues arise. The proposed system will have several benefits over existing battery monitoring systems. First, it will be fully automated, reducing the need for manual monitoring and minimizing the risk of human error. Second, it will be accessible remotely, allowing system administrators to monitor the status of the battery backup system from anywhere in the world. Finally, the system will be scalable, allowing additional sensors to be added to the network as needed. Nevertheless, physically checking the UPS battery is highly challenging since it requires more money and time. Data center operators, at the centre of the digital economy, are under pressure from several directions. sustaining the highest level of availability at the most affordable level. A leading provider of battery management solutions.

Sizing of a fuel cell–battery backup system for a university building based on the probability of the power outages length

Hydrogen is a bright energy vector that could be crucial to decarbonise and combat climate change. This energy evolution involves several sectors, including power backup systems, to supply priority facility loads during power outages. As buildings now integrate complex automation, domotics, and security systems, energy backup systems cause interest. A hydrogen-based backup system could supply loads in a multi-day blackout; however, the backup system should be sized appropriately to ensure the survival of essential loads and low cost. In this sense, this work proposes a sizing of fuel cell (FC) backup systems for low voltage (LV) buildings using the history of power outages. Historical data allows fitting a probability function to determine the appropriate survival of loads. The proposed sizing is applied to a university building with a photovoltaic generation system as a case study. Results show that the sizing of an FC–battery backup system for the installation is 7.6% cheaper than a battery-only system under a usual 330-minutes outage scenario. And 59.3% cheaper in the case of an unusual 48-hours outage scenario. It ensures a 99% probability of supplying essential load during power outages. It evidences the pertinence of an FC backup system to attend to outages of long-duration and the integration of batteries to support the abrupt load variations. This research is highlighted by using historical data from actual outages to define the survival of essential loads with total service probability. It also makes it possible to determine adequate survival for non-priority loads. The proposed sizing is generalisable and scalable for other buildings and allows quantifying the reliability of the backup system tending to the resilience of electrical systems.

Designing the operation monitor of battery of the generator in the base transceiver station

The base transceiver station (BTS)'s continuous power supply has been the subject of a lot of research. The majority of research focuses on increasing power usage effectiveness or adding solar battery systems for BTS stations. Due to the geographical conditions in the North of Vietnam, solar cell efficiency is rather poor and the investment cost is quite high, therefore BTS stations are still relying mostly on battery and generator backup systems. This article presents a design solution to designing the operation monitor of battery of the generator in the base transceiver station. From solution design, the authors designed the hardware and software. The device allows communication and sends alarms to the base transceiver station (BTS) manager. Through the testing process, the system has met the requirements of the problem and is easily integrated into the BTS.

Designing the operation monitor of battery of the generator in the base transceiver station

The base transceiver station (BTS)'s continuous power supply has been the subject of a lot of research. The majority of research focuses on increasing power usage effectiveness or adding solar battery systems for BTS stations. Due to the geographical conditions in the North of Vietnam, solar cell efficiency is rather poor and the investment cost is quite high, therefore BTS stations are still relying mostly on battery and generator backup systems. This article presents a design solution to designing the operation monitor of battery of the generator in the base transceiver station. From solution design, the authors designed the hardware and software. The device allows communication and sends alarms to the base transceiver station (BTS) manager. Through the testing process, the system has met the requirements of the problem and is easily integrated into the BTS.

Enhancing Freshwater Productivity of Twin Wedge Solar Still by Temperature Control Through Thermoelectric Sensors and Modules

Solar stills are zero-emission water desalination devices that utilize the abundantly available solar energy to deliver clean water. In remote locations which are deprived of electricity as well as clean and fresh water, Twin wedge solar stills (TWSS) can be utilized to desalinate saline and brackish water. The productivity of TWSS is depends on the evaporation as well as condensation rate which are subjected to the weather constraints namely, the solar energy radiation, the wind velocity along with the surrounding atmospheric temperature. Monitoring the various temperature parameters in the TWSS and controlling them enables the control of freshwater production. In this paper, the yield of TWSS is monitored and controlled using Seebeck effect-based thermoelectric K-type thermocouple sensors for temperature measurements and reverse seebeck effect based thermoelectric modules for increasing evaporation and condensation rate of the TWSS. A Temperature Control Unit (TCU) is developed to acquire the temperature sensor data and control the operation of thermoelectric modules in order to control the production of the TWSS. The TCU is powered by PV with a battery backup system for remote location operation. The productivity of the system increased from 0.69 – 1.38 liters/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per day to 3.28 – 3.61 liters/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per day, through proposed Temperature Control strategy through Thermoelectric sensors and modules. The proposed system is 1.4 times more profitable than TWSS equivalent to the area of proposed PV powered system.

Using a computer based selection model for sizing of solar panels and battery back-up systems for use in a floating in-pond raceway

The In-pond Raceway (IPR) is a relatively new option for production aquaculture, which depends on water moving devices to provide constant flow. Failure of these devices will often result in a catastrophic loss of fish in the system. Thus, robust power backup systems are necessary to mitigate risk in the event of prolonged power outage. Because these systems must be dependable and many suitable locations for these raceways are in ponds in remote locations, farmers have considered utilizing off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with battery storage. PV with battery storage eliminates the expense of running utility power to remote areas and eliminates the associated risk of power failure when these lines go down. However, the PV and battery storage must be properly sized to ensure continuously available power. This study modeled energy requirements using a daily energy balance for these unique systems. The model was then utilized to determine whether sized systems could withstand varying electric loads based on monitored hourly climatological conditions at seven different locations within the state of Kentucky in the United States. Determining the appropriate size was an iterative process, where the battery storage and PV array were incrementally increased until the model predicted that the system would provide continuous power year-round. The model was also used to examine the effects of undersized systems. Energy depletion events (when not enough energy remained to drive the water moving device) were clustered in groups of multiple days in winter months over the twenty-two-year dataset. Therefore, undersized systems may be appropriate if there was no intention of stocking fish in winter. Establishing this model led to the development of a design decision support tool aimed at potential new Aquaculture producers and a series of recommendation tables, with the intention of streamlining the initial design process for this novel technology.

Remote Real-time Power Analysis and Management System

For many progressing and advancing nations, the electric energy measurement infrastructure is inadequate in terms of the lack of real-time measurement of power quality and quantity, as well as the connectivity to the central data collection station. To overcome such issues, more modern methods of sensing and distributing electrical energy must be explored and implemented. In this article, we present a LoRa-based real-time load monitoring and control system that can measure the amount (voltage, current, and power) and the quality (power factor and harmonics) of the electricity being supplied, as well as provide remote power cut and restore functionality through an IoT SCADA server. The proposed system included a microcontroller-based Data Acquisition (DAQ) system, a LoRa radio-based Data Communication Network (DCN), a Raspberry Pi-based Online Gateway, and an online SCADA server to gather and present data. The system is powered by the main power line, which is also being measured, and a battery backup system to prevent data loss in the event of a power outage or fault. Through Proteus and MATLAB simulations, the system was evaluated before being implemented on the hardware, and the results of both are described. The system was energy efficient, owing to the usage of the LoRa wireless technology, and was accurate in analyzing the power consumption characteristics of loads in real-time, tested in comparison to standard laboratory equipment.

Techno‐economic assessment and optimization of a standalone residential hybrid energy system for sustainable energy utilization

Nowadays the whole world is striving to achieve energy security and sustainable development through sustainable utilization of cleaner energy resources. But due to the rapidly rising population caused by the unprecedented urban development, it has created imbalances of energy supply and demand. Hybrid energy systems have emerged as a promising source to augment existing energy infrastructure for sustainable energy supply and to reduce the impact of challenges posed by the energy scarcities. There have been continuous requests from the urban sector for additional energy resources, but the energy generation involves a complex phenomenon. In India also, there are abundances of rising energy demands from various sectors over the regions, and these demands cannot be fulfilled further due to the limitations of the energy generation grids. As a result, an approach is required to offer additional energy resources beyond the use of diesel generator (which increases environmental pollution). Recently due advancement in hybrid energy systems consisting of non-renewable & renewable or renewable & renewable or non-renewable & non-renewable, it provides a scope to understand the various configuration of the hybrid energy system for past trends, present status and future scenarios. The investment in energy technologies is critical to be evaluated with techno-economic feasibility analysis for resource efficiency optimization. Hence, the main objective of this work is to propose an optimal system configuration for urban residential standalone hybrid energy systems to fulfil the electrical energy requirement, which is technically and economically reliable & feasible. The current work accounts for scaling up the existing energy system with proper implementation. The simulations results show that expected average energy requirements of 5 kWh/day with a peak of 818 W for a typical household can be met with proposed configuration (with components like solar PV, wind turbine, power generator [diesel] and battery backup system). The data simulation and optimization technique for a monthly profile of wind, solar, and excess energy generation over HOMER simulation toolkit offer the potential to generate excess electricity of 19.3%. Techno-economic assessment of the system shows that the proposed system offers more economical and performance benefits. This study also articulates the need to propose a better energy system structure with basic energy grid extension as a cost-effective solution for sustainable development. Similar kind of assessment will offer a useful decision support system for tropical countries to guide future researchers in energy studies.

DC Arc Flash: Expanded Incident Energy Equation for 125 V Substation Battery Backup Systems

Arc-flash is one of two hazards primarily associated with electrical systems. Due to its prevalence, the majority of arc-flash research has been dedicated to alternating-current (ac) electrical systems. However, direct-current (dc) electrical systems are becoming increasingly common, such as energy storage systems, solar photovoltaic panels, and dc microgrids. Thus, more research is needed to address the arc-flash hazards posed by dc electrical systems. Current dc arc-flash models are theoretical and lack empirical data compared with ac arc-flash models. This article presents models developed through empirical testing utilizing low-voltage (LV) station batteries. Furthermore, this article investigates possible interactions between dc arc-flash within LV battery systems and atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity. In the end, this article provides information regarding the implementation of these models within American Electric Power's (AEP's) safety practices regarding batteries and dc panelboards.

Energy Meter with Battery Backup System and IoT

The rise in urbanization has increased the demand for electricity. But although 80% of the world has access to electricity, the usage of electricity varies enormously. Many factors contribute to this striking difference which is resulting in energy meters to be used at a very granular level. There are various types of energy meters available in the market. These energy meters are used to calculate the overall power usage. In India, Rural areas suffer due to unreliable access to electricity, this project includes a battery backup system which can help improve the condition. This paper demonstrates a fully functioning model of a power meter with its possible advancements promoting digitization and wireless communication. The proposed meter will measure the power usage, calculate readings and subsequently calculate the cost of the overall usage. With the help of this meter, the manpower involved will lessen and this will make the calculation process error-free and cost-effective.

DC Arc Flash: Testing and Modeling Incidents in a 125-V Substation Battery Backup System

Station batteries used as a backup source to supply station direct-current (dc) power to relays, etc., present a source of personnel exposure to dc arc flash. However, dc arc flash is less understood compared with the arc-flash phenomena that occur in alternating-current (ac) systems. Some models exist to quantify the potential hazards posed by dc electrical systems; however, there is little empirical data available. Additionally, the lower voltage and/or lower capacity station batteries are even less researched. As a result, a series of arc-flash tests were performed at the Dolan Technology Center of American Electric Power (AEP) utilizing two 125 Vdc batteries with rated capacities of 100 and 150 Ah. For these tests, working distance and gap width were used as independent variables. Upon the conclusion of testing, various relationships were analyzed to generate a predictive model for incident energy. This model serves as a compilation of the empirical data collected during testing and will contribute to future research efforts to better understand dc arc-flash incidents from station batteries.

철도 차량용 배터리 백업 시스템을 위한 다중 LLC 공진형 컨버터의 병렬 입력-직렬 출력 구조

철도 차량용 배터리 백업 시스템을 위한 다중 LLC 공진형 컨버터의 병렬 입력-직렬 출력 구조

Meeting Temporary Facility Energy Demand With Climate-Optimized Off-Grid Energy Systems

Remote and contingency operations, including military and disaster-relief activities, often require the use of temporary facilities powered by inefficient diesel generators that are expensive to operate and maintain. Site planners can reduce operating costs by increasing shelter insulation and augmenting generators with photovoltaic-battery hybrid energy systems, but they must select the optimal design configuration based on the region’s climate to meet the power demand at the lowest cost. To assist planners, this paper proposes an innovative, climate-optimized, hybrid energy system selection model capable of selecting the facility insulation type, solar array size, and battery backup system to minimize the annual operating cost. To demonstrate the model’s capability in various climates, model performance was evaluated for applications in southwest Asia and the Caribbean. For a facility in Southwest Asia, the model reduced fuel consumption by 93% and saved $271 thousand compared to operating a diesel generator. The simulated facility in the Caribbean resulted in more significant savings, decreasing fuel consumption by 92% and saving $291 thousand. This capability is expected to support planners of remote sites in their ongoing effort to minimize fuel supply requirements and annual operating costs of temporary facilities.

SHA-512 based Wireless Authentication Scheme for Smart Battery Management Systems

Modern cyber-physical systems depend on the battery backup systems for continuous service. Due to excessive wiring requirements, the traditional methods used for battery authentication cannot be applied to modern smart batteries, especially when they are composed of large number of cells. In this work, we proposed a wireless battery authentication scheme for use with the battery management system and the cells to prevent potential hardware attacks through the trojan cells. We designed a SHA-512 IP Core which operates at 157 MHz, and occupies 974 CLB slices and one block RAM on a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA device. We integrated the SHA-516 module with a synthesizable CPU to be able to create a real-world test scenario and finally we verified the correct operation of an example authentication protocol through a wireless communication channel established with the use of two ESP8266 based WiFi modules.