Batter Performance Research Articles

Novel Twenty20 batting simulations: a strategy for research and improved practice.

Twenty20 cricket and batting in particular have remained vastly understudied to date. To elucidate the effects of batting on the batter, tools which replicate match play in controlled environments are essential. This study describes the development of two Twenty20 batting simulations, for a high and low strike rate innings, generated from retrospective analysis of international and domestic competition. Per delivery analysis of probabilities of run-type and on/off-strike denomination produce ball-by-ball simulations most congruent with retrospective competitive innings. Furthermore, both simulations are matched for duration and dictated through audio files. The `high' strike rate innings requires a batter to score 88 runs from 51 deliveries, whereby 60 runs are from boundaries. Similarly, the `low' strike rate innings requires a batter to score 61 runs from 51 deliveries, where 27 runs are scored from boundaries. Because batting simulations dictate run scoring outcomes, a method of quantifying a batter's performance from bat-ball contact scores is described. Ten elite batters achieved a mean performance score of 72 (SD = 26) and 88 (21) for the low and high strike rate simulations respectively. This study provides sport practitioners with a training technique to improve specific skill acquisition and enables research in understudied Twenty20 batting.

Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges.

Cannabinoids are a group of bioactive compounds abundantly present in Cannabis sativa plant. The active components of cannabis with therapeutic potential are known as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are divided into three groups: plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic cannabinoids. These compounds play a crucial role in the regulation various physiological processes including the immune modulation by interacting with the endocannabinoid system (A complex cell-signaling system). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) stimulates the binding of orexigenic peptides and inhibits the attachment of anorexigenic proteins to hypothalamic neurons in mammals, increasing food intake. Digestibility is unaffected by the presence of any cannabinoids in hemp stubble. Endogenous cannabinoids are also important for the peripheral control of lipid processing in adipose tissue, in addition to their role in the hypothalamus regulation of food intake. Regardless of the kind of synaptic connection or the length of the transmission, endocannabinoids play a crucial role in inhibiting synaptic transmission through a number of mechanisms. Cannabidiol (CBD) mainly influences redox equilibrium through intrinsic mechanisms. Useful effects of cannabinoids in animals have been mentioned e.g., for disorders of the cardiovascular system, pain treatment, disorders of the respiratory system or metabolic disorders. Dietary supplementation of cannabinoids has shown positive effects on health, growth and production performance of small and large animals. Animal fed diet supplemented with hemp seeds (180 g/day) or hemp seed cake (143 g/kg DM) had achieved batter performance without any detrimental effects. But the higher level of hemp or cannabinoid supplementation suppress immune functions and reduce productive performance. With an emphasis on the poultry and ruminants, this review aims to highlight the properties of cannabinoids and their derivatives as well as their significance as a potential feed additive in their diets to improve the immune status and health performance of animals.

Operational Parameter Analysis and Performance Optimization of Zinc–Bromine Redox Flow Battery

Zinc–bromine redox flow battery (ZBFB) is one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to its high energy density, low cost, and long cycle life. However, numerical simulation studies on ZBFB are limited. The effects of operational parameters on battery performance and battery design strategy remain unclear. Herein, a 2D transient model of ZBFB is developed to reveal the effects of electrolyte flow rate, electrode thickness, and electrode porosity on battery performance. The results show that higher positive electrolyte flow rates can improve battery performance; however, increasing electrode thickness or porosity causes a larger overpotential, thus deteriorating battery performance. On the basis of these findings, a genetic algorithm was performed to optimize the batter performance considering all the operational parameters. It is found that the battery energy efficiency can reach 79.42% at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. This work is helpful to understand the energy storage characteristics and high-performance design of ZBFB operating at various conditions.

A mathematical model study on plant root pest management

<abstract><p>Unlike conventional methods of pests control, introducing in an appropriate mathematical model can contribute a batter performance on pests control with higher efficiency while lest damage to ecosystem. To fill the research gap on plant root pest control, we propose a plant root pest management model with state pulse feedback control. Firstly, the stability of the equilibrium point of the model (1.3) is analyzed by using the linear approximate equation, given that the only positive equilibrium point of model (1.3) is globally asymptotically stable. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of order 1 periodic solutions of model (1.3) are discussed in detail according to the geometric theory of semi-continuous dynamical systems, successor functions method and the qualitative theory of differential equations. Finally, with further analysis in different methods, the asymptotic stability of the order 1 periodic solution of model (1.3) is obtained by using Similar Poincare Criterion or interval set theorem. The results show that this model can effectively control the number of pests below the economic level of damage.</p></abstract>

Measuring batting performance and strategic behavior of batters of cricket players

I want to propose two methods separately for investigating cricket players' strategic behavior 
 and quantifying their performance. Over the years, researchers have made significant progress 
 in strategy investigation and performance evaluation of cricket players. Still, researchers have 
 barely researched strategic behavior change when players score near landmarks (score 50 or 
 100), and the current performance index is not accurate enough for quantifying players' 
 performance. Considering limitations appearing in related work, I would put extra effort into 
 furtherly investigating players' strategic behaviors when their score nears landmarks and derive 
 a more accurate performance index to quantify players' performance. The final project will help 
 amateurs understand whether individual incentives influence players' strategic behavior, and 
 clubs can use an improved performance index to gain commercial benefits by identifying and 
 recruiting eminent cricket players.

Logistic Regression Model for a Bivariate Binomial Distribution with Applications in Baseball Data Analysis

There has been a considerable amount of literature on binomial regression models that utilize well-known link functions, such as logistic, probit, and complementary log-log functions. The conventional binomial model is focused only on a single parameter representing one probability of success. However, we often encounter data for which two different success probabilities are of interest simultaneously. For instance, there are several offensive measures in baseball to predict the future performance of batters. Under these circumstances, it would be meaningful to consider more than one success probability. In this article, we employ a bivariate binomial distribution that possesses two success probabilities to conduct a regression analysis with random effects being incorporated under a Bayesian framework. Major League Baseball data are analyzed to demonstrate our methodologies. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to investigate model performances.

EFFECTS OF NaCl, DROUGHT, DRAINAGE AND BIOGAS WASTE WATER APPLICATIONS ON MAIZE AND SORGHUM SEEDLING GROWTH

A research study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different stress conditions on the seedling growth rate of maize cultivars and sorghum cultivars. Drought stress, biogas water, and wastewater stress with salt NaCl were applied as treatments to maize and sorghum. The results were statistically analyzed. There were significant differences between the maize and sorghum seedling growth and development during different stress conditions. Sorghum varieties more effectively withstand stress conditions as compared with maize plants. Data was collected for plant dry weight, leaf area, fresh root weight, and fresh shoot weight. The sorghum genotypes showed batter performance and growth under biogas wastewater application. The excellent performance under biogas wastewater indicated that its applications may be helpful to improve crop plant production under stress conditions.

An analysis on the flow behavior of MHD nanofluid with heat generation

In present analysis, we investigate the flow behavior of SiO2/H2O/C2H6O2 nanofluid along with magnetic field and heat generation influence on permeable channel having squeezing/dilating walls. The modeled partial differential system including mass balance, momentum and temperature equations are transformed into ordinary differential system by using similarity transformations and achieved the coupled of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution of coupled system of equations is interpreted for velocity and temperature by using Bvp4c method. The graphical behavior of different parameters such as deforming rate L (for velocity we have taken L=±0.1,±0.7 and ±1.2, wheres for temperature L=−0.1,−0.7 and −0.9 has been taken), permeating Reynolds number H (for velocity H=0.1,0.4 and 0.7 and for temperature H=−0.6,−0.7 and −0.8 has been taken), Hartman number M (for velocity M=0.1,1.3 and 2.5 is taken), heat generation β (for temperature β=0.1,0.5 and 0.9 is taken) and solid fraction volume R (for velocity R=0.1,0.9 and 1.2 is taken, for temperature R=0.7,0.8 and 0.9 is assumed) for temperature and velocity have been plotted using Matlab software. The observation of case I; L>0,H>0, shows the velocity of both base (H2O and C2H6O2) fluids increases at middle portion of channel due to increase in L and M. On the other hands the velocity profiles show increasing behavior for H and decreasing behavior for R at the edges of channel. Temperature distribution observation of case I; L>0,H>0, it is cleared that the temperature of SiO2/H2O/C2H6O2 nanofluid increases due to increase of β. The temperature profile of SiO2/H2O nanofluid decreases by increase of R, on other hands the temperature profile of SiO2/C2H6O2 nanofluid decreases on interval (−1<h<0) and increases on interval (0<h<1) with increase of R. The observation of case II; L<0,H<0, deduces that the temperature of SiO2/H2O/C2H6O2 nanofluid increases by increase of H. The graphical results show that temperature profile reveals batter performance for base fluid H2O as compared to base fluid C2H6O2. We compared the present results with previous results and found that present results are similar to previous results.

Framework for Real-Time Monitoring of Battery Performance in Electric Vehicles and Locating Charging Facilities Nearby

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more prevalent in the market. In a world where all vehicles are electric, it will be necessary to provide infrastructure on average highways that is similar to the energy consumption of the automobiles on that highway. As a result, a large transition from one type of energy carrier to electrical energy would be required. In comparison to where we are now, this translates into a significant increase in the carrying capacity of the power grid. Electric vehicles are in increasing demand because they have several advantages over gasoline-powered vehicles. On the other hand, limited battery power stations and a lack of infrastructure giving real-time vehicle performance parameters such as battery efficiency, durability, total distance travelled before being totally depleted, and so on should be considered. As a result, an embedded system is being developed in our project to address the aforementioned restrictions. The suggested research demonstrates all of the mathematical calculations of battery characteristics (including but not limited to battery efficiency and percentage durability), which aids in evaluating real-time batter performance. The system was tested and verified in laboratories using acceptable methodologies. In addition, a mobile application for the end-user is being created to provide information on battery parameters as well as the maximum distance it can travel till full discharge.

Novel Twenty20 batting simulations: a strategy for research and improved practice

Twenty20 cricket and batting in particular have remained vastly understudied to date. To elucidate the effects of batting on the batter, tools which replicate match play in controlled environments are essential. This study describes the development of two Twenty20 batting simulations, for a high and low strike rate innings, generated from retrospective analysis of international and domestic competition. Per delivery analysis of probabilities of run-type and on/off-strike denomination produce ball-by-ball simulations most congruent with retrospective competitive innings. Furthermore, both simulations are matched for duration and dictated through audio files. The `high' strike rate innings requires a batter to score 88 runs from 51 deliveries, whereby 60 runs are from boundaries. Similarly, the `low' strike rate innings requires a batter to score 61 runs from 51 deliveries, where 27 runs are scored from boundaries. Because batting simulations dictate run scoring outcomes, a method of quantifying a batter's performance from bat-ball contact scores is described. Ten elite batters achieved a mean performance score of 72 (SD = 26) and 88 (21) for the low and high strike rate simulations respectively. This study provides sport practitioners with a training technique to improve specific skill acquisition and enables research in understudied Twenty20 batting.

Multiple shaped nano-particles influence on thermal conductivity of fluid flow between inflexible and sinusoidal walls

An approximate approach is used to evaluate the effect of different shaped nano-particles on the thermal behavior and flow performance of nanofluid flow through inflexible and sinusoidal walls in the existence of heat generation effect. To achieve this phenomena we considered boehmite alumina in different shapes like, blade, platelet, brick and cylinder as nano-particles and methanol as a base fluid. The model considered here is pumping of methanol in combination with boehmite alumina through inflexible and sinusoidal walls, which inspired due to the reality that thread injection is a probable technique for assigning clinical implantation's in the humanoid frame with least clinical trauma. The interior cylinder is endoscope (stiff and uncompromising) rotating with constant velocity (V) and the external cylinder is sinusoidal (wave traveling down to its wall). The resulting mathematical relations are simplified with the help of low Reynolds number and long wavelength, the resulting non-linear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using perturbation approach. After finding the analytic solutions we graphically compare the different shapes (platelet, blade, cylinder and brick) of nano-particles to evaluate which shape of nano-particles give batter performance. To observe the performance we compare the friction forces on interior and exterior cylinders, pressure gradient, pressure rise, velocity and temperature profiles for different values of solid volume fraction and also presented the streamlines for all shapes of nano-particles.

Combining Radar and Optical Sensor Data to Measure Player Value in Baseball.

Evaluating a player’s talent level based on batted balls is one of the most important and difficult tasks facing baseball analysts. An array of sensors has been installed in Major League Baseball stadiums that capture seven terabytes of data during each game. These data increase interest among spectators, but also can be used to quantify the performances of players on the field. The weighted on base average cube model has been used to generate reliable estimates of batter performance using measured batted-ball parameters, but research has shown that running speed is also a determinant of batted-ball performance. In this work, we used machine learning methods to combine a three-dimensional batted-ball vector measured by Doppler radar with running speed measurements generated by stereoscopic optical sensors. We show that this process leads to an improved model for the batted-ball performances of players.

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc? Does Getting Hit by a Pitch Affect a Batter's Performance in the Subsequent At-Bat?

In 2019, there were 2,429 games played in Major League Baseball in which 1,984 batters who were Hit by a Pitch (HBP). This paper explores the effect of being hit by a pitch on the outcome of the subsequent at bat for that hitter in the same game. Results suggest that while, on average, there is no difference in subsequent performance on being hit by a pitch, that for the most prolific homerun hitters, being hit by a pitch increases the likelihood of making an out at the expense of decreases in reaching base - homeruns, in particular.

The effect of spectator presence on the performance of batters

The effect of spectator presence on the performance of batters

빅데이터를 활용한 타자의 출루 관련 경기력과 불쾌지수의 관계 분석 : 투구 수 유도와 출루율을 중심으로

최근 프로야구에서 데이터를 활용하여 경기, 시즌, 팀을 운영하려는 시도가 일반화 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기상 응용 데이터인 불쾌지수와 같은 경기 외적인 요소를 야구 경기 기록을 수집하고 출루율과 투 구 수 유도와의 관계를 분석하였으며 이를 3차 기록으로 정의하여 연구를 수행하였다. 불쾌지수가 75이상일 때 투수의 투구 수 유도가 많이 되었으며, 불쾌지수가 69.9 이하일 때는 출루율이 높게 나왔으나, 불쾌지수가 70 이상 75미만일 때는 타자의 출루 관련 경기력이 가장 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 통하여 불쾌지수와 타자의 출루율과 투구 유도 수는 관계가 있으며, 투수의 경기력과 관계있을 가능성이 높다고 유추할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 1차 기록이라 정의하는 누적·비율기록과 2차 기록이라 정의하는 세이버메트릭스에 이어서 경 기 외적인 데이터를 연계하는 3차 기록으로 정의할 수 있는 가능성을 볼 수 있었다.

Modeling domestic pancake cooking incorporating the rheological properties of the batter. Application to seven batter recipes

A 2D axisymmetric model for coupled transient heat and mass transfer was developed to simulate pancake cooking on a domestic induction hob. Unlike previous models, the current model considers a variable thermal contact conductance resulting from the crust formation at the bottom of the batter. It aims to take into account the heat transfer phenomena between the pan surface and the batter influenced by the physicochemical changes that the batter undergoes during the cooking process. To quantify the variation of the heat flow that this change in the structure of the batter involves, a normalized relationship between batter viscosity and the temperature was introduced in the model. The performance of seven cereal and legume flour-based batters was evaluated in an experimental setup. The proposed model is capable of adequately predicting the weight loss and the average surface temperature of the batter using parameters related with the rheological properties of the batter and its composition. • Updating of existing models to simulate domestic cooking of pancakes. • Deep insight into changes in the interface between the hot surface and the pancake. • Evaporation rate and heat conductance are related to rheological properties. • Apparent viscosity reflects inverse dependence with the weight loss during cooking. • Optimized model parameters are useful to understand the cooking performance of batters.

Behavioral Measures in a Cognitive-Motor Batting Task Explain Real Game Performance of Top Athletes.

Excellent athletic performance in baseball and softball batting is achieved through the momentary cognitive-motor processes. However, in previous studies, cognitive and motor processes are investigated separately. In this study, we focused on the difference in the time of swing onset (a delta onset) during a batting task where 17 elite female softball batters hit balls randomly thrown at two different speeds by pitchers. The delta onset included both cognitive and motor processes because the batters needed to anticipate the ball speed and discriminate their swing motion according to the time-to-contact. Then, we investigated the relationship between the delta onset and the batting outcomes of the batting task, and the relationship between the experimental outcomes and actual batting performance (batting average) over a season. We used path analysis to clarify the structure of the cognitive-motor processes and consequent performance. We found that the batters who had a larger delta onset attained superior batting outcomes (i.e., higher exit velocity and lower miss ratio) in the batting task, and these experimental outcomes explained 67% of the batting average in real games. On the other hand, the cognitive scores (judgement accuracy and rapidity) obtained from a button pressing task, where batters responded to a ball by pressing a button instead of actually swinging, explained only 34% of the batting average. Therefore, our model quantitatively describes the key cognitive-motor structure for athletes and can partially predict a batter's performance in real games. These findings suggest that it is important to employ both cognitive and motor processes in performing tasks, such as this batting task, to properly evaluate a batter's actual ability.

Concussion Incidence and Impact on Player Performance in Major League Baseball Players Before and After a Standardized Concussion Protocol.

Background:Sports-related concussions have garnered significant attention in recent years because of the negative effects they can have on a player’s cognitive health and performance. In response to this growing concern, Major League Baseball (MLB) introduced a standardized concussion protocol during the 2011-2012 season.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to compare the reported incidence of concussions and the subsequent performance of MLB players before and after the introduction of the standardized concussion protocol. We hypothesized that the introduction of the standardized concussion protocol would not have an impact on player performance postconcussion.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Players who suffered a concussion between 2001 and 2018 were identified from the MLB transactions page. Incidence and player performance were compared before and after the introduction of the standardized concussion protocol. Player performance was evaluated using traditional data and sabermetric data, which are advanced statistics used in conjunction with standard statistics to better compare players and teams. Player averages were calculated and compared using paired t tests for 30 days before and after concussion, 1 year before and after concussion, and career before and after concussion. Averages were also compared before and after the institution of the standardized concussion protocol using independent-measures t tests.Results:There were a total of 114 players who suffered 142 concussions, with 77% of those occurring after the introduction of the concussion protocol (32 before, 110 after). The average time missed because of concussion significantly decreased from 33.7 days (range, 10-122 days) to 18.9 days (range, 6-111 days) after the concussion protocol (P = .0005). There was no difference in player performance (including batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging for batters; earned run average, fielding-independent pitching, and walks plus hits per inning pitched for pitchers) after concussion at any time point (30 days, 1 year, or career) when comparing these statistics before versus after the MLB concussion protocol. However, batter performance was significantly poorer 1 year after concussion and over the remainder of the players' careers (P < .05).Conclusion:The number of reported concussions increased after the introduction of the MLB concussion protocol. However, players spent significantly less time on the disabled list without any adverse effect on player performance. Despite these changes, long-term batting performance was significantly poorer after concussion.

Analysis of Cricket Ball Type and Innings on State Level Cricket Batter's Performance.

Background: The aim of this investigation was to compare the type of cricket balls utilized and innings on cricket batting performance in the First-Class Australian competition.Methods: Batting performance measures of 43 state level cricket batters were collected from two seasons of the Sheffield shield tournament (N = 60 games) that incorporated both Kookaburra™ (n = 30 games) and Duke™ (n = 30 games) cricket balls.Results: First-innings batting performances were significantly greater for the average number of runs scored (37.5 ± 13.4 vs. 31.2 ± 11.3), balls faced (60.7 ± 26.2 vs. 49.9 ± 23.6), boundary 4s (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 2.9 ± 1.4), and boundary 6s (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.1 ± 0.3) scored per game (p < 0.05), as well as centuries scored (5.74 ± 8.56 vs. 1.49 ± 5.14%) compared to second innings performances (p < 0.05). There were no differences for any batting performance measures as a result of ball type (p > 0.05). However, significantly more wickets were taken by pace bowlers during Duke™ ball games (85.0 ± 12.8 vs. 76.4 ± 13.9%), while relatively more wickets were taken by spin bowlers during Kookaburra™ ball games (14.2 ± 12.5 vs. 22.0 ± 14.1%; p < 0.05).Conclusions: Cricket batting performance was comparable in games involving the Kookaburra™ or Duke™ ball. However, pace bowlers were more successful transferring their skill to the Duke™ ball, while spin bowlers were more successful with the KB™ ball. Subsequently, batters may be able to effectively adapt their movement technique, and transfer their skill to the Duke™ ball conditions. Future research is suggested to examine the influence of the cricket playing surface’s deterioration on cricket batter’s interceptive performance.

Automatic debugging of operator errors based on efficient mutation analysis

It takes a lot of time and effort to manually locate and fix software bugs. This paper proposes a method for automatically debugging operator related bugs. Testing, fault localization, and bug-fixing are closely linked based on mutation analysis. However, in the process of mutation analysis, the generation of a large number of mutants and the execution of test cases on mutants, is fairly time-consuming. To solve this problem, optimization methods for selection of mutants and test cases have been proposed. Experiment results has shown that it can improve the efficiency of mutation analysis, so that the cost of fault-localization and bug-fixing can be reduced. We also implemented the exhaustive mutation method and the random mutation method and compared these three methods. These three method have different application scenarios. As the mutation based fault localization can rank statements by suspiciousness, the method integrated with fault localization is more stable and has batter performance. Also, it is more suitable for analyzing program with multi-bugs.