Bath Soaps Research Articles

Potential Application of Camel Milk as a Therapeutic Ingredient in Bath Soaps and Shampoos.

The increasing worldwide market for natural-ingredient-based cosmetic toiletries is fuelled by the awareness of the dangers of synthetic cosmetics and benefits of natural-based cosmetics on the skincare and management of skin disorders. Besides naturally formulated cosmetics being biodegradable, they also contain ingredients which are chemically beneficial to human skin. Milk-based cosmetics are very promising since milk is rich in essential components such as lactoferrins, vitamins, and lactic acids, which have shown therapeutic properties against disorders such as skin cancer, acne scars, and dandruff. One of the milk that is very promising in the cosmetics industry is the camel milk. Currently, there is limited information in literature regarding the use of camel milk in cosmetics and their benefits. Camel milk stands out from bovine milk following its unique therapeutic properties and chemical composition, making it a potential ingredient for skincare and haircare products such as bath soaps and shampoos. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature on camel milk composition and evaluate the contribution of camel milk constituents to cosmetics.

Examining Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) Performance in the Palm Oil Industry with the Triple Bottom Line Approach

The palm oil industry has emerged as one of the leading producers and exporters, as supported by data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2021, which indicates that Indonesian palm oil exports reached an impressive value of USD 18.44 billion, or IDR 258 trillion, in 2020, marking 18.43 percent growth compared to the previous year. Furthermore, the domestic markets for palm oil and palm kernel oil remain substantial despite improvements in export quantities. Various industries, including cooking oil refineries, specialty fats, shortening, margarine, bath soaps, and oleochemicals, present potential markets for palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO). The palm oil industry encompasses four related subsectors, namely growers, millers, refiners, and oleochemicals, forming an integrated value chain from upstream to downstream. The current focus on environmental, economic, and social sustainability drives companies to adopt internal green activities and expand their efforts toward sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Implementing SSCM practices is often seen as economically beneficial, as research has demonstrated their positive impact on corporate performance from a resource perspective. Many green management applications are utilized in the palm oil industry. This study examines and highlights existing sustainable management practices across the entire palm oil supply chain, focusing on producing high-quality palm oil. This study utilized a systematic review methodology. A total of 62 articles were analyzed, which involved an extensive review of the relevant literature to identify research trends, gaps, and issues. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by expanding the theory of organizational readiness to prepare globally competitive palm oil products. The research findings hold practical significance for practitioners and academics by providing a comprehensive road map for implementing green management applications at the organizational level in the palm oil industry’s upstream-to-downstream chain.

Physical characteristic and antioxidant activities of liquid bath soap with substitution of β-carotene crude extract from Gracilaria sp.

Synthetic antioxidant BHT is widely used in bath soap products as an antioxidant and prevents rancidity in bath soaps, but BHT is harmful to the skin if the addition is excessive. So we need natural antioxidants that can replace the role of BHT as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution of BHT with β-carotene Gracilaria sp. on the physical properties of liquid bath soap and determine the best concentration of BHT substitution with β-carotene Gracilaria sp. added to liquid bath soap formulations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 substitution treatments for BHT with β-carotene, namely (1g BHT : 0g β-carotene), (0,5g BHT : 0,5g β-carotene), and (0g BHT : 1g β-carotene) in 100 ml of liquid soap, with 6 repetitions each. Parameters observed were pH, foam stability, viscosity, hedonic, physical stability, and antioxidant activity. The results of this study the substitution of β-carotene Gracilaria sp. the liquid bath soap had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the pH parameter and no significant effect (p<0.05) on the foam stability test and viscosity test parameters. Based on the hedonic test value, soap with the addition of 0,5 g BHT: 0,5g β-carotene has the highest test value to produce the best quality soap.

Formulation and Antifungal Activities of Syzygium Aromaticum Essential Oil Contained in Natural Bath Soap

Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (clove oil) has a promising potential as an antifungal. However, the potential has never been applied in bath soaps. This study aimed to produce an antifungal natural soap using clove oil as the additive. Natural bath soap containing clove oil was made through a cold saponification reaction of vegetable oils, sodium hydroxide, and various contents of clove oil (1, 2, and 3% w/w) as an antifungal agent. The soap quality was tested based on Indonesian National Standards (INS), including water content, total fat, insoluble matters in ethanol, free alkali, and unsaponified fatty matter. With a Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, the researchers carried out an antifungal activity est of clove oil soap on Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. All samples in the quality test of clove oil natural bath soap have met the standard. The antifungal activities of all tested clove oil soap performed growth inhibition of Candida albicans yeast and Trichophyton mentagrophytes mould in all treatments. However, there is no relationship between the clove oil concentration and antifungal activities in the range of clove oil content in this study. The formulation of clove oil in natural bath soap executed excellent antifungal activities against both yeast and mould. Due to the potential of clove oil as an antifungal agent, clove oil in bath soap is efficient to be used as natural cosmetics and medicinal soap in the future.

Pengaruh Jenis Minyak Terhadap Sifat Fisik Sabun Mandi Cair

Soap is obtained from the saponification reaction that occurs between oil and alkaline solution. Various kinds of oils used in soap making also affect the quality of soap. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oil type on the physical properties of liquid bath soap. This research was divided into 3 groups, coconut oil group (A), VCO oil group (B), and olive oil group (C). Liquid bath soap obtained from each type of oil is tested based on SNI provisions including a soap quality test (oil characteristics test, organoleptic test, pH test, specific gravity, total plate count), viscosity test, and antioxidant test. Liquid bath soap of the three types of oil has the same shape, color, and odor. Coconut liquid soap, VCO, and olives respectively have a pH value of 6.64; 6.9; 6.52. (P = 0,000) Specific weight 1.0511; 1.0427; 1.0425. Viscosity 558cps; 686; 420. (p = 0.003) IC50 3547.36; 4523.46; 3542.02. (p = 0.035). Bath soaps that best meet SNI requirements are those made with olive oil.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PROMOSI YANG TERINTEGRASI DAN KEUNGGULAN POSITIONING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SABUN MANDI LUX DI KOTA AMBON

The bath soap market is constantly changing and competition is getting tougher with the emergence of bath soaps that have a clearer positioning, such as beauty soap, whitening soap, family soap to health soap. Increasing lifestyles of people in Indonesia and changing habits where bathing is no longer just using soap, but by adding fragrance and comfort when wearing it. The higher purchasing power of consumers for a product encourages companies to further improve the quality of their products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Integrated Promotion and Positioning Excellence on Purchasing Decisions in Lux Bath Soap. The population in this study are consumers in the city of Ambon who use Lux bath soap. The sample in this studywere 100 people who bought lux bath soap taken by purposive sampling. The data collection is done by using a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is SPSS version 16.The results of multiple regression analysis namely Y = 0.501 X1 + 0.218 X2 The most influential independent variable on the dependent variable is the integrated Promotion variable (0.501), followed by the Positioning Excellence variable (0.218). T test results show that all independent variables, namely (integrated promotion and positioning superiority) have a significant positive effect on the dependent variable (purchasing decisions) where all independent variables obtain a t value greater than t table with a sig level of less than 0.05. And the coefficient of determination (R Square) obtained by 0.309 this means that 30.9% of purchasing decisions can be explained by integrated promotion variables and positioning excellence, while the remaining 69.1% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. Keywords: Integrated Promotion, Positioning Excellence, Purchasing Decisions

Formulation and Evaluation of Medicated Lipstick using Natural Coloring Agent

Cosmoceuticals are the formulations which contain biologically active ingridients along with other excipients which acts as a beauty fix as well as personal care products. Bath soaps, serums, shampoos, lipsticks, creams etc. are some examples. Lipsticks are popularly used cosmetic right since ancient times, which contain different, waxes, oils, emollients and other synthetic and natural substances which moisturizes, protects and keeps the lips supple and hydrated. The present study focuses on the use of salicylic acidalong with naturalcoloring substance to prepare medicated lipsticks. Salicylic acid acts as keratolytic agent along with mild antiseptic properties which is remedy for inflamed, bleeding, hyper pigmented, cracked and chapped lips. This formulation was prepared by pour molding method and was subjected to various evaluation tests. It was found that it passed all the evaluation tests as was considered to be a better substitute with minimal or no side effects for lipsticks containing completely syntheticingredients.

Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil and Tallow for Production of Toilet “Bath” Soap.

A green prospective based on the reuse of waste materials such as beef tallow and waste cooking vegetable oils to manufacture soap is presented. Beef tallow and waste cooking oils that is discarded as waste from households and restaurants after frying is reviewed for the production of toilet (bath) soap. The discarded oil is purified with a brine solution and bleached with Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2.) Purified waste cooking oils and beef tallow is mixed with coconut oil commonly used oil in toilet soap manufacturing. The oils are normally mixed at different ratios for the preparation of toilet soap. The triglycerides in the vegetable oils and beef tallow are saponified with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) by hydrolysis. Cold process soap shows significant improvements in physical properties at different triglycerides ratios and storage time at room temperature. It could be recommended that discarded waste cooking vegetable oils can be used after purification and bleaching together with beef tallow that may be regarded as waste to produce toilet (bath) soaps.

SOLID BATH SOAP DOSAGE FORMULATIONS OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF FRESH FRUIT OF MORINDA (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.)

Morinda plants grow widely throughout the Pasipic and are one of the most significant sources of traditional medicine among the Pacific island community. Morindas contain natural antioxidants for skin health and saponins in the manufacture of soap. Morindas also has potential as an antibacterial (Flavanoid). The purpose of this research is to formulate the ethanol extract of the fruit of morinda (Morinda citrifolia L.) fresh bath soap. Preparations to become solid. This research uses experimental methods. Morinda fruit is extracted by a process of maceration. Solid bath soap preparations inspection conducted this research is test the pH with a concentration of 2,5%, 3,5% and 4,5%. Ethanol extract of the fruit of morindas can be preparations soap formulations in bath with solid inspection results show pH, pH range between 8,5-10,1 show that the solid bath soaps are qualified solid bath soap. The result showed solid bath soap preparations from ethanol extract of the fruit of morinda (Morinda citrifolia L.) fresh with variations in defferent concentrations can be formulated in to a solid bath soap.

Ethnochemistry of Maguindanaons' on the Usage of Household Chemicals: Implications to Chemistry Education

Integrating ethnochemistry into the curriculum may provide students meaningful learning in addition to preservation and appreciation towards the quality of their cultural heritage. Hence, the study aimed to document the indigenous usage of household chemicals of Maguindanaons through ethnography research using purposive and snowball sampling in the selected municipalities of Maguindanao Province. Interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation were employed for data collection in the five (5)-month community immersion. The data were then thematically analysed. As revealed, they had utilized substitutes for paints, floor polishers, mosquito repellents, bath and laundry soaps, toothpastes, perfumes, shampoo and other cosmetics. Furthermore, the study found out that their indigenous usage of household chemicals conforms to standard chemical bases. Accordingly, the output of the study may serve as groundwork to develop culture-based lessons in high school Chemistry in the said locale.

A Study on Cosmetic Products Marketed in Iraq: Microbiological Aspect

Cosmetic products contain variable amounts of nutrients that support microbial growth. Most contaminants in cosmetic products include bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Achromobacter and Alcaligenes. Contaminated water is a likely source of organisms found in cosmetic products. Products such as shampoo, hand and body lotion, facial cleanser, and liquid soaps were analyzed. In this study, out of 60 cosmetic products analyzed, 26.4% were found to be contaminated. Most of the contamination was from bacteria and no fungal contamination was detected. The highest level of contamination occurred in shampoo.Viable bacterial were not recovered from 100%, 92.8%, 91.6% and 89.2% of showed bath soaps, facial cleanser, hand and body lotion and shampoos, respectively. Coliforms were recovered from one sample of shampoos. One isolate of shigella and pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected from two samples of shampoo.&#x0D; Keywords: Microbial contamination, cosmetic

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN MANDI PADAT DARI EKSTRAK BUAH APEL (Malus domesticus) SEBAGAI SABUN KECANTIKAN KULIT

As the development time of usage and utilization of traditional medicine in Indonesia is experiencing a very rapid progress. Interest of the community to utilize natural materials back to health is greatly improved. Apple or (pyrusmalus) is one among the faforit fruit in the family rosaceae or rose-mawaran. Apple plants allegedly came from around israel-Palestine, then spread throughout the world, including indonesia. Europe and Australia is the country’s most used to develop crop of apples in agribusiness. Apples contain a natural anti oxidant which is great for the health of the skin and eyes. This research uses research methods laboratory ekperimental Soap to be created with a penembahan extract of apples made with olive oil. Apple fruit is extracted by means of maceration using penyari ethanol. Ethanol extract of Apple made in the form of solid bath soaps and bath soaps performed the examination test includes solid Favorites, pH, testing methods and solid bath Soap Irritation Test made with a concentration of 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%. The results of the test checks gladness solid bath Soap preparations obtained are really like 13 people, like 4 people, 3 people and less like don’t like 0, pH 8.3-7.3, on the test of irritation in the preparations of solid bath SOAP from Apple fruit extracts do not cause skin redness and itching. The conclusion of the researchers extract of apples (Malusdomsticus) can be formulated in the form of preparation of solid bath Soap. The advice of researchers is expected for the next researcher to be able to formulate the Apple fruit extract (Malusdomesticus) in the form of other preparations, such as face masks.

Volatile methylsiloxanes in personal care products – Using QuEChERS as a “green” analytical approach

Organosiloxanes, namely volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are one of the most relevant classes of ingredients incorporated in personal care products (PCPs), such as creams and lotions, bath soaps and hair care products. Their use has caused concern among the scientific community due to their potential toxic behaviour to human health and environment.This manuscript reports the first application of QuEChERS (“Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe”) extraction followed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis to determine VMSs in cosmetics and personal care products. Eight VMSs, four linear (L2–L5) and four cyclic (D3–D6) were investigated in 36 samples. The validated method was able to remove the interfering matrix components, conducting to high recovery percentages (74–104%) and low relative standard deviations (<18%). A linear behaviour was observed in the range of 0.005–2.50mgL−1 (correlation coefficient, R2>0.996) and limits of detection ranged from 0.17ngg−1 (L2) to 3.75ngg−1 (L5). Matrix effects were also investigated for all analysed compounds and matrices and showed not to be significant. Global uncertainty of the proposed methodology was also estimated using a bottom-up approach being between 5% and 35% (on average).Finally, the method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of 36 personal care products. As expected, results showed the existence of VMSs in all analysed samples in concentrations up to 754µgg−1. D4 and D5 were more frequently detected while body moisturizers, facial creams and shampoos showed the highest levels of VMSs.

From the shop to the drain — Volatile methylsiloxanes in cosmetics and personal care products

Organosiloxanes are widely used in the formulation of a broad range of cosmetic and personal care products (PCPs), including creams and lotions, bath soaps, shampoo and hair care products to soften, smooth, and moisten. In fact, the intensive and widespread use of organosiloxanes combined with their lipophilic nature, makes them interesting targets for future research, particularly in the toxicology area.This study focused on determining the concentration levels of these compounds in the bestselling brands of PCPs in the Oporto region (Portugal), allowing the estimation of dermal and inhalation exposure to siloxanes and the evaluation of the quantities released to the environment “down-the-drain” and to air. To accomplish this task, a QuEChERS technique (“Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe”) was employed to extract the siloxanes from the target PCPs, which has never been tested before. The resulting extract was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The limits of detection varied between 0.17 (L2) and 3.75ngg−1 (L5), being much lower than any values reported in the literature for this kind of products. In general, satisfactory precision (<10%) and accuracy values (average recovery of 84%) were obtained.123 PCPs were analysed (moisturizers, deodorants, body and hair washes, toilet soaps, toothpastes and shaving products) and volatile methylsiloxanes were detected in 96% of the samples, in concentrations between 0.003μgg−1 and 1203μgg−1. Shampoo exhibited the highest concentration for cyclic and aftershaves for linear siloxanes. Combining these results with the daily usage amounts, an average daily dermal exposure of 25.04μgkgbw−1day−1 for adults and 0.35μgkgbw−1day−1 for baby/children was estimated. The main contributors for adult dermal exposure were body moisturizers, followed by facial creams and aftershaves, while for babies/children were body moisturizers, followed by shower gel and shampoo. Similarly, the average daily inhalation exposure was also estimated. Values of 1.56μgkgbw−1day−1 for adults and 0.03μgkgbw−1day−1 for babies/children were calculated. An estimate of the siloxanes amount released “down-the-drain” into the sewage systems through the use of toiletries was also performed. An emission per capita between 49.25 and 9574μgday−1 (mean: 1817μgday−1) is expected and shampoo and shower gel presented the higher mean total values (1008μgday−1 and 473.3μgday−1, respectively). In the worst-case scenario, D5 and D3 were the predominant siloxanes in the effluents with 3336μgday−1 and 3789μgday−1, respectively. Regarding the air emissions per capita, values between 8.33 and 6109μgday−1 (mean: 1607μgday−1) are expected and D5 and D6 were the predominant siloxanes.

Statistical Analysis of the Core Determinants Influencing the Consumers Brand Preference in Generalization of Bath Soaps

The necessity of this study is to identify and analyze the determinants affecting consumer’s preference of bath soaps. Among the factors education, age, income, price, advertisement, celebrity, quality, the factors education, income and product qualities are affecting consumer’s brand preference of bath soaps. With one way ANOVA it had been found that the income factor is influencing the consumer’s brand preference in which the calculated F-Value (2.66522)>F-Critical value (2.24640). With Two way ANOVA without replication it has been found that education factor influence the brand preference, where the calculated value for education, F-Value (3.7956)>F-Critical value ( 3.0069). The calculated F-Value for age factor, F-Value (1.4301)

Abstract 3706: Intervention of human breast cell carcinogenesis chronically induced by 3, 4, 4’-trichlorocarbanilide.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of antimicrobial agent 3,4,4’-trichlorocarbanilide (TCC) to induce breast cell carcinogenesis, and then identify preventive agents to intervene in TCC-induced breast cell carcinogenesis. TCC is widely used in personal care products such as bath soaps, detergents, and cleansing lotions. Recent studies suggest that TCC acts as an endocrine disruptor to enhance the ability of steroid hormones (estrogen or testosterone) to induce estrogen and androgen receptor-mediated gene expression. Due to its environmental persistence and wide use, there are concerns about TCC's possible impact on human health. To determine whether TCC exposure may contribute to the development of breast cancer, we used our chronically-induced breast cell carcinogenesis model to determine the ability of TCC to induce progressive carcinogenesis of human breast epithelial MCF10A cells to acquire cancer-associated properties. We found that chronic exposure of MCF10A cells to TCC at physiologically-achievable nanomolar levels resulted in cellular acquisition of the cancer-associated properties of reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage independent growth, and increased cell proliferation. These cellular changes were accompanied by upregulation of the ERK pathway, Nox1-induced ROS production, and DNA damage. We also found that curcumin, a component of turmeric extracted from the rhizome of the Indian herb Curcuma longa, was able to suppress TCC-induced cellular carcinogenesis. Our study revealed, for the first time, that chronic exposure to TCC was able to induce breast cell carcinogenesis, and TCC-induced cellular carcinogenesis was preventable by curcumin. Citation Format: Shilpa Sood, Shambhunath Choudhary, Hwa-Chain R. Wang. Intervention of human breast cell carcinogenesis chronically induced by 3, 4, 4’-trichlorocarbanilide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3706. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3706

A Toxicity Index of Skin and Wound Cleansers Used on In Vitro Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes

To determine toxicity indexes of commercially available skin, wound, and skin/wound cleansers on in vitro fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Seventeen cleansers and 3 liquid bath soaps were evaluated for cytotoxic effect on human infant dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Both skin cell types were exposed to serial 10-fold dilutions of each cleanser until treated cell viability was comparable to untreated controls. The experimental design allowed calculation of relative toxicity indexes ranging from 0 to 100,000. Shur-Clens, SAF-Clens, and saline were found to be the least toxic to fibroblasts (toxicity index 0); Dial Antibacterial Soap and Ivory Liqui-Gel were the most toxic (toxicity index 100,000). Biolex, Shur-Clens, and Techni-Care were the least toxic to keratinocytes (toxicity index 0); hydrogen peroxide, modified Dakin's solution, and povidone (10%) were found to be the most toxic (toxicity index 100,000). Successful cutaneous tissue repair depends on the viability of the principal cell types involved (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Toxicity indexes provide helpful guidelines for subsequent in vivo evaluations and clinical applications. The study findings also suggest that judicious use of these supposedly innocuous agents should be considered in a clinical setting.

Consumer Assessment of Social Product Features: An Empirical Investigation Using Choice Experiments

The purpose of this paper is to try to clarify a number of issues about consumerism - in particular, how much do consumers think about product features when making purchases and are there differences between individuals in the extent of their caring. In studying the issue of individual differences, we utilize both personality measures and demographics. To examine the role of personality differences in consumers' purchase intentions, we employ a well-established measurement instrument, the machiavellianism scale, utilized by researchers in the ethics and personality psychology fields (Christie and Geis (1970)), which has been shown to be related to a number of socially complex issues, such as abortion, euthanasia and drug use. We also use structured choice experiments to estimate the importance of both functional and ethical features in two product categories athletic shoes and bath soaps - in two markets - Australia and Hong Kong. Choice experiments allow us to examine purchase intentions in constrained choice settings in which consumers are forced to balance features off against one another, instead of merely indicating the importance of a list of issues using unconstrained responses like importance ratings. Finally, we examined the effect of information about features on the purchase intentions of consumers. The results show that social features of products and the information supplied to consumers about those features do affect individuals' likelihood of purchasing a product.

Vulvovaginitis in the ■ Prepubertal child ■

The purpose of this department is to provide the readers with patient guidelines for use in various settings. Many sources exist already in print to provide the pediatric nurse practitioner with a basis for developing guidelines. The following is a patient guideline printed with permission from The Manual of Ambulatory Pediatrics 3rd ed. (1994) by Rose W. Boynton Elizabeth S. Dunn and Geraldine R. Stephens published by J.B. Lippincott. Inflammation of the vulva and vaginal introitus is characterized by dysuria pruritus and vaginal discharge. I. Etiology Often a contact reaction to irritants such as bath soaps bubble bath laundry products deodorants perfumed powders nylon underpants panty hose or tights. Anal scratching (secondary to pinworm infestation) poor perineal hygiene and masturbation may cause contamination of the vaginal area. The lack of estrogen makes the immature vaginal mucosa susceptible to infection. II. Incidence Common in prepubertal females. (excerpt)

2512. Galactose and the blind eye: Keiding, S. & Mellemgaard, L. (1972). Dose dependence of galactose cataract in the rat. Acta ophthal.50, 174

Organosiloxanes are widely used in the formulation of a broad range of cosmetic and personal care products (PCPs), including creams and lotions, bath soaps, shampoo and hair care products to soften, smooth, and moisten. In fact, the intensive and widespread use of organosiloxanes combined with their lipophilic nature, makes them interesting targets for future research, particularly in the toxicology area.This study focused on determining the concentration levels of these compounds in the bestselling brands of PCPs in the Oporto region (Portugal), allowing the estimation of dermal and inhalation exposure to siloxanes and the evaluation of the quantities released to the environment “down-the-drain” and to air. To accomplish this task, a QuEChERS technique (“Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe”) was employed to extract the siloxanes from the target PCPs, which has never been tested before. The resulting extract was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The limits of detection varied between 0.17 (L2) and 3.75 ng g− 1 (L5), being much lower than any values reported in the literature for this kind of products. In general, satisfactory precision (< 10%) and accuracy values (average recovery of 84%) were obtained.123 PCPs were analysed (moisturizers, deodorants, body and hair washes, toilet soaps, toothpastes and shaving products) and volatile methylsiloxanes were detected in 96% of the samples, in concentrations between 0.003 μg g− 1 and 1203 μg g− 1. Shampoo exhibited the highest concentration for cyclic and aftershaves for linear siloxanes. Combining these results with the daily usage amounts, an average daily dermal exposure of 25.04 μg kgbw− 1 day− 1 for adults and 0.35 μg kgbw− 1 day− 1 for baby/children was estimated. The main contributors for adult dermal exposure were body moisturizers, followed by facial creams and aftershaves, while for babies/children were body moisturizers, followed by shower gel and shampoo. Similarly, the average daily inhalation exposure was also estimated. Values of 1.56 μg kgbw− 1 day− 1 for adults and 0.03 μg kgbw− 1 day− 1 for babies/children were calculated. An estimate of the siloxanes amount released “down-the-drain” into the sewage systems through the use of toiletries was also performed. An emission per capita between 49.25 and 9574 μg day− 1 (mean: 1817 μg day− 1) is expected and shampoo and shower gel presented the higher mean total values (1008 μg day− 1 and 473.3 μg day− 1, respectively). In the worst-case scenario, D5 and D3 were the predominant siloxanes in the effluents with 3336 μg day− 1 and 3789 μg day− 1, respectively. Regarding the air emissions per capita, values between 8.33 and 6109 μg day− 1 (mean: 1607 μg day− 1) are expected and D5 and D6 were the predominant siloxanes.