Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

The Convergence of Basal and Squamous: A Deep Dive into Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma – A Case Report

The Convergence of Basal and Squamous: A Deep Dive into Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma – A Case Report

The Immune Response of Cutaneous Basosquamous- and Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Associated with Sun Exposure.

In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the frequency of cutaneous carcinoma, which correlates with sun exposure. This study aims to explore the variances of tumor characteristics and immune response markers among patients diagnosed with cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and basosquamous-cell carcinoma (BSC) with varying levels of sun exposure. The objective is to elucidate the potential influence of sun exposure on tumor progression and immune response in these types of carcinomas. We conducted a retrospective observational study that included 132 patients diagnosed with SCC and BSC. Participants were separated into high- and low-sun exposure groups. Tumor characteristics and immune response markers, including lymphocyte percentage (LY%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Our findings revealed the interplay between sun exposure, inflammation, aging, and immune response. In 80% of cases, it was found that individuals had high sun exposure throughout their lifetime. Patients in the high sun exposure category had a significantly higher LY% than those with low sun exposure (24.22 ± 7.64 vs. 20.71 ± 8.10, p = 0.041). Also, the NLR was lower in patients with high sun exposure (3.08 ± 1.47 vs. 3.94 ± 2.43, p = 0.023). Regarding inflammatory markers, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), LY%, NLR, and LMR showed significant differences between the two groups. Patients who were diagnosed with SCC had higher ESR values (p = 0.041), higher LY% (p = 0.037), higher NLR (p = 0.041), and lower LMR (p = 0.025). This study provides evidence supporting distinct tumor characteristics and immune response patterns in patients diagnosed with SCC and BSC with a high sun exposure history. These findings imply that sun exposure may contribute to tumor progression and influence the immune response in individuals with SCC and BSC.

A case report of basosquamous carcinoma of thigh – An unusual location

Basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSC), also known as metatypical carcinoma, is an uncommon form of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) that is thought to be aggressive and more likely to spread to other parts of the body. The head-and-neck area is where it often first manifests itself. BSC is an uncommon tumor with diverse forms and unpredictable symptoms. Our case is a 75-year-old male with a nonhealing ulcer on his right thigh for 4–5 years. We received a biopsy from the margins, which revealed basosquamous carcinoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The highly aggressive nature of the tumor, the higher incidence of recurrence, and the possibility of metastasis make an early diagnosis of BSC crucial which is differentiating it with BCC, in which the low risk of metastasis and recurrences is there, minimal risks are observed in limbs far from the cephalic region. Due to their clinical similarities, it is hard to distinguish between BSC and BCC clinically. Histopathology could aid in prompt diagnosis and precise treatment. An immunohistochemical examination might yield additional information for a more precise diagnosis. Here, we describe a rare case of BSC presented as unusually located ulcer on the thigh. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care and procedural skills, Systems-based practice.

Eyelid Tumors at Razi and Farabi Hospitals, Tehran, Iran

Background: Eyelid tumors are common in the daily practice of skin tumors and are composed of benign and malignant lesions. Methods: This retrospective case series study collected histopathologic reports of eyelid tumors of patients treated between 2022 and 2023 in Razi and Farabi hospitals (Tehran, Iran). Patient data, including patient age, sex, location of the lesion, and recurrence, were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to characterize the subgroups. Results: The sample was composed of 154 eyelid tumor specimens, including 72 (47%) malignant cases, 80 (52%) benign cases, and 2 (1%) premalignant cases. Malignant tumors included 81.9% basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 15.3% basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC), and 1.4% squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The benign eyelid lesions were comprised of 20% intradermal melanocytic nevus, 11.3% epidermal cyst, 7.6% dermoid cyst, 10% seborrheic keratosis, 6.3% xanthelasma, 2.5% wart, 3.8% compound nevus, 5% fibroconnective tissue, 3.8% squamous papilloma, 3.8% neurofibroma, 2.5% comedone,2.5% apocrine hidrocystoma, 2.5% foreign body type granuloma, and 1.3% of others (arteriovenous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, cutaneous horn, etc.) The premalignant lesions were 2 cases of actinic keratosis. Benign lesions had an equal frequency of occurrence in the upper and lower lids. Malignant lesions were seen more in the lower lid. Premalignant lesions were seen in the lower lid. The mean age at diagnosis was 45.8 ± 23.06 years for patients with benign lesions and 63.5 ± 16.7 years for patients with malignant lesions. The mean age for patients with premalignant lesions was 81.5 ± 9.19 years (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In our study, benign lesions were seen predominantly in young persons and malignant lesions were mostly seen in elderly persons. There is an equal occurrence of malignant lesions in males and females, and recurrence after excision was infrequent.

BASOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD

Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare skin tumor, but it has a higher potential for invasiveness and metastasis compared to basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This case report describes a 37-year-old woman with BSC in the temporocipital region. The patient presented with the chief complaint of a lump on the back of her head for 5 years. The lump had grown, accompanied by itching and bleeding. Physical examination revealed a soft mass approximately 25 x 20 cm in size. A pre-operative diagnosis of a skin tumor was made, and elective surgical management was carried out in the Operating Room. Wide excision was performed, and the skin defect was covered with a transposition flap from the occipital base and a split-thickness skin graft. Anatomical pathology examination revealed basosquamous cell carcinoma. The patient was discharged without complaints one week after the procedure. The skin defect was closed, and hair began to grow three months after the surgery.

Skin Cancer Associated With Chronic Leg Ulcers in the Population of Olmsted County, Minnesota

Malignant skin tumors in the setting of chronic leg ulcers (CLUs) are often underdiagnosed which may contribute to treatment delay and poor outcomes. The aims of our study were to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of skin cancers in leg ulcers in the Olmsted County population from 1995 to 2020. We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project (a collaboration between health care providers) infrastructure to describe this epidemiology, allowing “population-based” research. Electronic medical records of adult patients with International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes for leg ulcers and skin cancers on the legs were queried. Thirty-seven individuals with skin cancers in nonhealing ulcers were identified. The cumulative incidence of skin cancer over the 25-year period was 37:7864 (0.47%). The overall incidence rate was 470 per 100,000 patients. Eleven (29.7%) men and 26 (70.3%) women were identified with mean age of 77 years. History of venous insufficiency was present in 30 (81.1%) patients and diabetes in 13 (35.1%) patients. Clinical characteristics of CLU with skin cancer included abnormal granulation tissue in 36 (94.7%) and irregular borders in 35 (94.6%) cases. Skin cancers among CLUs included 17 (41.5%) basal cell carcinomas, 17 (41.5%) squamous cell carcinomas, 2 (4.9%) melanomas, 2 (4.9%) porocarcinomas, 1 (2.4%) basosquamous cell carcinoma, and 1 (2.4%) eccrine adenocarcinoma. The apparent association between chronic wounds and subsequent biopsy-proven skin cancer of the same site was primarily observed in elderly patients; malignant transformation of wounds favored basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This retrospective cohort study further characterizes the association between skin cancers and chronic leg wounds.

Histological Variants of Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinoma in Squamates and Chelonians: A Comprehensive Classification.

In the present study, the histological characteristics of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) obtained from 22 squamate and 13 chelonian species were retrospectively evaluated. While the examined tissues were originally diagnosed as 28 SCCs and 7 BCCs based on histological evaluation by a specialty diagnostic service, eight SCCs could be re-classified as BCCs and three SCCs proved to be non-neoplastic lesions. In addition, all SCCs and BCCs were classified into distinct histological variants. The SCCs could be categorized as one SCC in situ, three moderately differentiated SCCs, seven well-differentiated SCCs, and six keratoacanthomas. BCCs were classified as five solid BCCs, four infiltrating BCCs, five keratotic BCCs, and one basosquamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the present study reports the occurrence of BCCs in seven reptile species for the first time. In contrast to what has been documented in humans, IHC staining with the commercially available epithelial membrane antigen and epithelial antigen clone Ber-EP4 does not allow differentiation of SCCs from BCCs in reptiles, while cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin staining seem to have discriminating potential. Although the gross pathological features of the examined SCCs and BCCs were highly similar, each tumor could be unequivocally assigned to a distinct histological variant according to the observed histological characteristics. Based on the results of this study, a histopathological classification for SCCs and BCCs is proposed, allowing accurate identification and differentiation of SCCs and BCCs and their histological variants in the examined reptile species. Presumably, BCCs are severely underdiagnosed in squamates and chelonians.

Risk of skin cancers in mycosis fungoides patients receiving PUVA therapy: A real-life experience from a single tertiary center.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Skin-directed therapies, including phototherapy, are the first-line treatment modalities. Psoralen plus ultraviolet A light photochemotherapy (PUVA) is quite effective in controlling the disease; however, long-term adverse effects, particularly carcinogenesis, are the cons of this treatment. There are various studies on the negative impact of PUVA on skin cancer in patients with autoimmune skin diseases. The data on the long-term effects of phototherapy on MF patients are scarce. All MF cases that received PUVA alone or combined with other treatments at a single tertiary center were analyzed. This study compared the development of non-melanoma skin cancers, melanoma, and solid organ tumors in MF patients with at least 5-year follow-up data with age- and sex-matched controls. A total of 104 patients were included in the study. Ninety-two malignancies were detected in 16 (15.4%) patients, and six developed multiple malignancies. Skin cancers consisted of 56 basal cell carcinomas, 16 Bowen's disease, four squamous cell carcinomas, three melanomas, two basosquamous cell carcinomas, one Kaposi sarcoma, and one keratoacanthoma were found in nine (8.7%) patients. Eight patients developed three solid cancers and six lymphomas. The risk of developing skin cancer was associated with the total number of PUVA sessions (<250 vs ≥250 sessions; hazard ratio (HR) 4.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.033-19.068; p = .045). 9 (13.2%) of 68 patients who had follow-ups for at least 5 years developed skin cancer. Compared to an age- and sex-matched cohort, the prevalence of new skin cancer was considerably greater (p = .009). Patients with MF are predisposed to develop secondary malignancies, and continual exposure to PUVA may potentiate this risk. Annual digital dermoscopic follow-up in MF patients treated with UVA is advised for early diagnosis and treatment of secondary cutaneous malignancies.

High-Frequency Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region

Non-melanoma skin cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the human body and unfortunately the incidence continues to increase. NMSC is represented by the basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which are the most prevalent forms, and basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC) together with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), which are rare types but with a very aggressive pattern and poor prognosis. The pathological diagnosis is hard to assess without a biopsy, even by the dermoscopy. Moreover, the staging can be problematic because there is no access clinically to the thickness of the tumor and the depth of the invasion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US), which is a very efficient imaging method, non-irradiating and cheap, in diagnosis and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer in the head and neck region. Thirty-one patients with highly suspicious malignant lesions of the head and neck skin were evaluated in the Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department and Imaging Department in Cluj Napoca, Romania. All tumors were measured with three transducers: 13 MHz, 20 MHz and 40 MHz. Doppler examination and elastography were also used. The length, width, diameter, thickness, the presence of necrosis, status of regional lymph nodes, the presence of hyperechoic spots, strain ratio and vascularization were all recorded. After that, all patients were treated by surgical resection of the tumor and reconstruction of the defect. Immediately after surgical resection, all tumors were measured again after the same protocol. The resection margins were evaluated by all three types of transducers in order to detect malignant involvement and the results were compared with the histopathological report. We found that the 13 MHz transducers offered a big picture of the tumor but the level of details, in the form of the presence of the hyperechoic spots, is reduced. We recommend this transducer for evaluation of surgical margins or for the large skin tumors. The 20 and 40 MHz transducers are better for viewing the particularities of malignant lesions and for an accurate measurement; however, in the case of large size lesions, assessing all three dimensions of the tumor can be difficult. The intralesional hyperechoic spots are present in case of BCC and they can be used for differential diagnosis of BCC.

The Role of miRNA-221 and miRNA-34a in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck Region.

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most frequent types of malignancy in the human body with an increasing incidence. Short, non-coding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) can control post-transcriptional gene expression and they have a significant role in several physiological cellular processes and pathologies, including cancer. Depending on the functions of the genes, miRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The aim of this paper was to describe the role of miRNA-34a and miRNA-221 in head and neck NMSC. Thirty-eight NMSC match paired (tumor and adjacent) tissue samples were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted and isolated from tissue samples using the phenol-chloroform (Trireagent) method according to the manufacturer's protocol. The concentration of RNA was measured by a NanoDrop-1000 spectrophotometer. The expression level of each miRNA was calculated by threshold cycle. For all statistical tests, the 0.05 significance level was used and two-tailed p values. All analyses were conducted in an R environment for statistical computing and graphics. We found the miRNA-221 being overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (p < 0.05), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSC) compared with adjacent normal tissue. Additionally, the levels of miRNA-221 were two times higher (p < 0.05) in cases where the excision of the tumor was done with positive margins (R1), which means that we are the first to highlight the potential role of miRNA-221 in the microscopical local invasion. Mi-RNA-34a expression was altered in the malignant tissue compared with the adjacent normal one both in BCC and SCC but not statistically significantly. In conclusion, NMSC are challenging because of their increasing incidence and rapidly evolving development and discovering their molecular mechanisms of action lead us to understand tumorigenesis and evolution, while also contributing to the implementation of novel therapeutic keys.

Basosquamous cell carcinoma: A specific finding of a basaloid squamous cell transition

Basosquamous cell carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor with unique histopathological features of both basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of basosquamous cell carcinoma on the face of an elderly male.

Undiagnosed Hard-to-Heal Wound Cases: A Case Series

Introduction: The aim of this study is to raise awareness in our colleagues who read the article by addressing hard-to-heal wound cases that have been misdiagnosed or undiagnosed in the outpatient wound care clinics. The common feature of these cases is the diseases that can be found in the etiology of all and can be fatal. Many of the cases in this article were evaluated in various hospitals and different branch outpatient wound care clinics before admission and were followed up with standard wound care with different diagnoses, but there was no improvement in their wounds. Methods: The wounds evaluated in this study are calciphylaxis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), Amelanotic Melanoma (AM), Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma (BSC) and Factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation. The oldest of the 5 cases is 68 years old and the youngest is 8 years old. 4 cases were referred to our outpatient clinic by the centers where they were followed up, to receive wound care and, if indicated, Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) therapy. 1 case applied without any referral as a result of her own research. Results: Among the adult cases, patients with calciphylaxis and basosquamous carcinoma passed away respectively on the ninth day and the eleventh month after admission due to the underlying diseases that caused their injuries. 1 child received the appropriate treatment after the correct diagnosis and approach. In 3 cases, surgical intervention was required during the follow-up process (debridement, amputation, wide resection). Conclusion: In the evaluation of chronic wounds, it is necessary to look at them from a wide perspective. If a wound does not heal, another underlying disease should be investigated. In treatment-resistant atypical cases, the clinician should take a biopsy in the slightest doubt and the diseases that cause thrombophilia in etiology should be evaluated. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential in cases of chronic wounds. These diseases can cause loss of limb or even death. A doctor evaluating chronic wounds should be informed about the diseases mentioned in this study.

Clinical and histopathological profile of primary caruncular lesions.

Purpose:To provide a retrospective analysis of lesions of the caruncle which have been very rarely reported in the literature.Methods:A retrospective review of all the caruncular lesions between January 2000 and January 2020 was done at a single tertiary eye care hospital. The lesions were classified as benign and malignant lesions. Clinicopathological correlation was done for the excised lesions.Results:A total of 87 caruncular lesions were included in the study. Males (59%) were affected more than females (41%). The mean age at presentation was 44 ± 20 years. The mean duration of complaint was 36 ± 62 months. A total of 36 patients underwent surgical excision whereas the rest opted for conservative management. Recurrence was noted in five patients. Fifteen different types of lesions were identified histopathologically. Benign lesions (78%) were far more common than malignant ones (22%). Epithelial inclusion cyst was the most common benign lesion and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in 52.7% of the cases. Caruncular tuberculosis, oncocytoma, and basosquamous cell carcinoma were some of the rare lesions.Conclusion:Caruncular lesions are uncommon and very diverse, which makes clinical diagnosis challenging. Epithelial inclusion cyst and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant lesions respectively. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in more than half of the cases.

Immunoexpression of Bmi-1, CK15, Bcl-2 in different types of basal cell carcinomas

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) occurs in aggressive and non-aggressive forms. The expression of immunohistochemical markers varies in different types of BCC. Immunohistochemical analysis of selected proteins in BCCs. The immunohistochemical method was used to examine the immunoexpression of Bmi-1, CK15 and Bcl-2 in 56 cases of BCC divided into four groups. Positive Bmi-1 staining 3-4+ level (nodular type) was seen in 91.3% of samples, 4+ (infiltrative) in 92.3%, 4+ (nodular/infiltrative) - 69.2%, 3+ - 30.8%, in BSC 3+ - 42.8%, and 28.6% each for 2+ and 4+. Low grade positivity (0-1+) in CK15 staining was present in 52.1% of nodular BCC, 46.2% - nodular/infiltrative, 92.3% - infiltrative, and 100% - BSC, but levels 2-3+ in nodular BCC in 47.8%, nodular/infiltrative BCC - 53.8%, infiltrative - 7.7%. Bcl-2 positivity (3-4+) was revealed in nodular BCC in 95.6%, (1-2+) in 100% of BSC, infiltrative and infiltrative/nodular BCC, but the lowest (0-1+) in 76.9% of nodular/infiltrative BCC, 71.4% of BSC, and in 38.4% of infiltrative BCC. Positive Bmi-1 staining was the highest in the aggressive infiltrative subtype of BCCs, whereas the lowest in basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC). Infiltrative BCC was characterized by a lower level of CK15 expression than nodular BCC and nodular/infiltrative BCC. Differentiation of Bcl-2 expression depended on the type of tumour; the highest level was found in nodular BCC, low grade in nodular/infiltrative and infiltrative BCCs, and BSC.

Kırşehir Yöresinde Oral Mukoza Lezyonlarının Demografik ve Histopatolojik Özellikleri: Retrospektif Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological findings of the excised lesions from oral mucosa and determine the type and frequency of oral mucosa diseases in Kırşehir region. Material and Methods: The histopathology results of 237 patients with oral mucosa lesions who administered to Kırşehir Training and Research Hospital Dermatology Outpatient Clinic and underwent incisional or excisional biopsy between December 2014 and July 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The demographic characteristics of the patients, disease duration, localisation and frequency of the lesions, the frequency of benign and malignant lesions were recorded. Results: Ninety three (39.2%) male and 144 (60.8%) female patients were recruited in our study. The mean age of the patients was 44.33±1.21 years. A total of 237 oral mucosa lesions were detected. The most common benign lesions were intradermal nevi (n=56, 23.6%) followed by inflammatory granulation tissue (n=25, 10.5%), fibromas (n=26, 11%), mucocele (n=21, 8.9%), pyogenic granuloma (n=16, 6.7%), irritation fibromas (n=14, 5.9%), squamous papilloma (n=8, 3.4%), verruca vulgaris (n=6, 2.5%), lichen planus (n=6, 2.5%), hemangiomas (n=5, 2.1%). The most common malignant lesions were squamous cell carcinoma (n=9, 3.8%) and basal cell carcinoma (n=7, 2.9%), followed by lymphoma (n=1, 0.4%) and basosquamous cell carcinoma (n=1, 0.4%). Conclusion: In our study, the vast majority (92.8%) of the lesions detected in oral mucosa were benign lesions while malignant lesions constituted a small proportion. Gaining knowledge about the distribution of oral mucosal diseases may contribute to prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Position paper on a simplified histopathological classification of basal cell carcinoma: results of the European Consensus Project.

Histopathological classification of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, but reproducibility of BCC subtyping among dermatopathologists is poor. To obtain a consensus paper on BCC classification and subtype definitions. A panel of 12 recognized dermatopathologists (G12) from nine European countries used a modified Delphi method and evaluated 100 BCC cases uploaded to a website. The strategy involved five steps: (I) agreement on definitions for WHO 2018 BCC subtypes; (II) classification of 100 BCCs using the agreed definitions; (III) discussion on the weak points of the WHO classification and proposal of a new classification with clinical insights; (IV) re-evaluation of the 100 BCCs using the new classification; and (V) external independent evaluation by 10 experienced dermatopathologists (G10). A simplified classification unifying infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular BCCs into a single "infiltrative BCC" subtype improved reproducibility and was practical from a clinical standpoint. Fleiss' κ values increased for all subtypes, and the level of agreement improved from fair to moderate for the nodular and the unified infiltrative BCC groups, respectively. The agreement for basosquamous cell carcinoma remained fair, but κ values increased from 0.276 to 0.342. The results were similar for the G10 group. Delphi consensus was not achieved for the concept of trichoblastic carcinoma. In histopathological reports of BCC displaying multiple subtypes, only the most aggressive subtype should be mentioned, except superficial BCC involving margins. The three BCC subtypes with infiltrative growth pattern, characteristically associated with higher risk of deep involvement (infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular), should be unified in a single group. The concise and encompassing term "infiltrative BCCs" can be used for these tumors. A binary classification of BCC into low-risk and high-risk subtypes on histopathological grounds alone is questionable; correlation with clinical factors is necessary to determine BCC risk and therapeutic approach.

Expression of SOX2 Immunohistochemistry based on Histopathological Subtype of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial lining in the nasopharynx. Histopathologically, NPC is divided into non-keratinizing, keratinizing, and basaloid squamous carcinoma. NPC has 5-15% of local recurrence and 15-30% of distant metastases. SOX2 is one of the markers for cancer stem cells (CSC) and can be considered as targeting therapy in NPC. Aim: Evaluating the immunohistochemical expression of SOX-2 based on nasopharyngeal carcinoma histopathological subtypes at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Tools and methods: Descriptive research was conducted on 43 patients with NPC, which data were taken from medical records and paraffin slides/blocks. Slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin were reviewed to assess the subtypes, tils and lvi. Furthermore, SOX2 immunohistochemical staining was performed and SOX2 expression was assessed based on the subtypes of KSCC, NKSCC and Basosquamous cell carcinoma. Results and Conclusions: Of the 43 samples of NPC, 32 samples were found at the age of 41-60 years old (74.4%), male (58.1%), undifferentiated subtype of NKSCC in 31 samples (72.1%), intratumoral tils at low in 26 samples (60 .5%) and stromal tils in the low in 24 samples (55.8%). Weak SOX2 expression in 23 samples (53.5%), Based on histopathology of SOX2 expression, most KSCC strongly expressed SOX2 in 4 cases (33,3%) and NKSCC weakly expressed SOX2 in 20 cases (66,7%).

Disparities in nonmelanoma skin cancer in Hispanic/Latino patients based on Mohs micrographic surgery defect size: A multicenter retrospective study

There is limited literature regarding potential disparities in nonmelanoma skin cancer for patients with skin of color. Use the sizes of Mohs micrographic surgery defects to examine disparities in nonmelanoma skin cancer among Hispanic/Latino patients with a secondary aim to examine the effect of insurance type. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study using data from 3 major institutions in Los Angeles County. A total of 3486 Mohs micrographic surgeries of basal cell, squamous cell, and basosquamous cell carcinomas were analyzed. Mohs micrographic surgery defect sizes were 17% larger among Hispanic/Latino patients compared with non-Hispanic White patients. More notably, when comparing defect sizes of squamous cell carcinomas to those of basal cell carcinomas, defects were 80% larger among Hispanic/Latino patients compared to non-Hispanic White patients who had 25% larger defect sizes. Compared to patients with Medicare, patients with health maintenance organization and Medicaid/health maintenance organization had 22% and 52% larger defect sizes, respectively, whereas patients with preferred provider organization, had 10% smaller defect sizes. The data included were from a single county population. Disparities regarding nonmelanoma skin cancer exist between patients with skin of color and White patients. Patients and the medical community need to be cognizant that skin cancer can develop in patients regardless of their race and ethnicity.

The Impact of and Adaptations Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Histopathological Diagnosis of Skin Pathologies, Including Non-Melanocyte and Melanoma Skin Cancers-A Single-Center Study in Romania.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has globally affected health systems and services. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies around the world. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the benign and malignant histopathological diagnoses performed on radical excision skin tumors and skin biopsies in the dermatopathology ward in Mures Clinical County Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania, 1 year prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to emphasize the changes in the diagnostic process as per the new regulations. Materials and Methods: A total of 1168 histopathological diagnoses were included in the study—302 from the COVID-19 period and 866 from the non-COVID-19 period—considering the number, type, and frequency of the histopathological diagnoses as variables to be analyzed. Results: In the COVID-19 period, out of the 55 NMSC and melanoma histopathological diagnoses, 50.9% (n = 28) were BCCs, 20% (n = 11) were SCCs, 10.9% (n = 6) were basosquamous cell carcinomas, and 18.18% (n = 10) were melanoma cases. Regarding the non-COVID-19 period, out of the 173 NMSC and melanoma histopathological diagnoses, 46.82% (n = 81) were BCCs, 22.54% (n = 39) were SCCs, 7.51% (n = 13) were basosquamous cell carcinomas, and 23.12% (n = 40) were melanoma cases. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in histopathological diagnoses at the dermatopathology ward in our hospital was observed, for both benign and malignant pathologies, especially for NMSCs and melanomas, compared to the same period 1 year prior to the pandemic.

Skin shop: long-term management and follow-up of narrowly and incompletely excised non-melanomatous skin cancer.

'Skin Shop' is a model of care at a high-volume tertiary centre that describes a registrar-lead skin cancer service under consultant supervision. Ninety-two percent of lesions are completely excised, 4.2% are narrowly excised and 3.2% are incompletely excised. Current international guidelines suggest re-excision of incompletely excised non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC); however, there is a lack of robust evidence to suggest how these lesions should be optimally managed. We describe how narrow and incompletely excised NMSC are managed in the 'Skin Shop' and present rates of recurrence. Retrospective analysis of all lesions excised between December 2014 and June 2019. Lesion type, histological margin, presence of high-risk features, management, presence of residual tumour in re-excision and follow-up duration were recorded. Rates of clinical recurrence were documented. From 5821 lesions excised, a total of 394 NMSC (245 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 128 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 21 Basosquamous cell carcinoma) were narrowly or incompletely excised. A total of 135 (34.3%) lesions were observed in clinic for recurrence, 133 (33.8%) lesions underwent re-excision, 81 (20.6%) lesions underwent GP surveillance and 14 (3.6%) lesions received radiotherapy. Mean specialist clinic follow-up was 12.4 months. Fourteen lesions recurred (3.5%, 10 BCC, 3 SCC, 1 basosquamous) of which 12 underwent re-excision. The risk of recurrence for narrow and incompletely excised BCC was 2.9% and 10%, respectively. The corresponding rates for SCC were 2.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Skin Shop is an effective model with low rates of narrow and incompletely excised NMSC. Risk of recurrence of these lesions is low with our current practice.