Restricted Basis Research Articles

Study on Anisotropic Dark Energy Cosmological Models in Generalized Brans-Dicke Theory

In this present paper, we have investigated the dark energy cosmological model in Bianchi−V I0 spacetime by considering generalised Brans-Dicke theory, self-interacting potential, and a dynamical coupling parameter. For this purpose, we have utilised a hybrid scale factor to approximate the dynamical behaviour of the deceleration parameter. The deceleration parameter should display distinctive flipping behaviour at the transition redshift since the universe is thought to have changed from an early deceleration to a late temporal acceleration. We have studied six alternative transitioning dark energy models on the basis of observational restrictions on the transition redshift. For each model, the behaviour of the dynamical scalarfield, the Brans-Dicke parameter, and the self-interacting potential are examined. On top of that, we used the generalised Brans-Dicke theory to estimate how the Newtonian gravitational constant changes over time.

71 Growth and reproductive responses to gonadotropins in gilts fed on ad libitum (AD) or restricted (RS) bases using an electronic sow feeder (ESF)

Abstract Previous work in our laboratory showed that age at puberty was similar for replacement gilts fed on either RS or AD bases using an ESF. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of feeding (RS vs. AD) on growth and sexual development in gilts treated with gonadotropins (P.G. 600; Merck Animal Health, Rahway, NJ). Prepubertal crossbred gilts were moved at 150 d of age to an open pen with an ESF (ACCUTEAM, Osborne Industries, Osborne, KS) located in an environmentally controlled, curtain-sided building. A 10-d training period to the ESF ensued, during which all gilts received feed on AD basis. At 160 d of age, gilts were allocated to treatments in a 2-by-2 factorial design. Treatments were RS plus P.G. 600 (n = 9), RS without P.G. 600 (n = 10), AD plus P.G. 600 (n = 8), or AD without P.G. 600 (n = 8). The P.G. 600 treatment was administered at 170 d of age. Estrus detection commenced at d 171 and continued for 32 d. Puberty onset was not affected by feeding basis (P = 0.85), P.G. 600 (P = 0.56), or feeding basis x P.G. 600 (P = 0.25). Time in estrus and body weight (BW) at puberty were also similar between treatments. Estrous cycle length was shorter (P < 0.01, 20.0 vs. 21.2 d, SE = 0.54) for RS compared with AD gilts. Bodyweights throughout the trial were similar between treatments but were affected by day (P < 0.01), typical of growing gilts. Feed disappearance was affected by feeding basis (P < 0.01, 2.30 vs. 4.54 kg/d, SE = 0.03 for RS and AD, respectively) and day (P < 0.01). For pubertal gilts, gain to feed ratio was improved (P < 0.01, 0.29 vs. 0.21, SE = 0.03) in RS compared with AD gilts, but average daily gain (ADG) was greater in AD gilts (P = 0.05, 0.75 vs 0.88 kg/d, SE = 0.09). Data were normalized for the 20-d period before second estrus. Feed disappearance was affected by feeding basis x day, and decreased in AD, but not RS gilts, as gilts approached estrus (P = 0.04). Feeding visits (P < 0.01) and feeding visit duration (P < 0.01) were affected by feeding basis with AD gilts consuming feed more frequently and spending less time eating per visit. In this study, RS feeding did not delay, and P.G. 600 did not hasten puberty onset. Moreover, RS gilts grew slower but were more feed efficient than AD gilts. We continue to find that employment of an ESF may support current estrus detection methods by monitoring feeding behavior in AD-fed gilts.

Multi-matrix correlators and localization

We study generating functions of 14\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\frac{1}{4} $$\\end{document}-BPS states in N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 4 super Yang-Mills at finite N by attempting to generalize the Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber integral to multiple commuting matrices. This allows us to compute the overlaps of two or more generating functions; such calculations arise in the computation of two-point correlators in the free-field limit. We discuss the four-matrix HCIZ integral in the U(2) context and lay out a prescription for finding a more general formula for N > 2. We then discuss its connections with the restricted Schur polynomial operator basis. Our results generalize readily to arbitrary numbers of matrices, opening up the opportunity to study more generic BPS operators.

Criminal Record as Personal Data and the Basis of General Legal Restrictions

Relevance. The issues related to the phenomenon of criminal record as special personal data of a citizen, the availability of information about the conviction of a person and ensuring their safety are considered. The article analyzes the positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction regarding the reflection of a criminal record in certificates of absence of a criminal record and (or) the fact of criminal prosecution or on the termination of criminal prosecution by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation upon its repayment or withdrawal.The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about criminal record as a negative consequence, expressed in the creation of general legal restrictions not based on law for a convicted person by the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on the provision of public services for the issuance of criminal record certificates dated 09/27/2019 № 660.Objectives: to analyze the decisions of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reviews of judicial practice, court decisions on cases challenging the provisions of the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, to identify and comprehend the restrictions created by it for persons whose criminal record has been removed or extinguished.Methodology. The article actively uses the methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction), as well as formal legal, system-analytical methods, documentary, as well as the method of generalization of judicial practice.The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature and contain proposals for solving problems related to a citizen's criminal record, when it is repaid or withdrawn, when general legal restrictions, among other things, are the result of gaps in the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The necessity of changing its wording is argued.Conclusion. The state and the law enforcement officer have not comprehended the socially dangerous consequences of decisions on the compliance of departmental acts that create artificial obstacles to the exercise of labor, electoral, social and other rights by ex-convicts to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation.

Structural basis for plasmid restriction by SMC JET nuclease

DNA loop-extruding SMC complexes play crucial roles in chromosome folding and DNA immunity. Prokaryotic SMC Wadjet (JET) complexes limit the spread of plasmids through DNA cleavage, yet the mechanisms for plasmid recognition are unresolved. We show that artificial DNA circularization renders linear DNA susceptible to JET nuclease cleavage. Unlike free DNA, JET cleaves immobilized plasmid DNA at a specific site, the plasmid-anchoring point, showing that the anchor hinders DNA extrusion but not DNA cleavage. Structures of plasmid-bound JetABC reveal two presumably stalled SMC motor units that are drastically rearranged from the resting state, together entrapping a U-shaped DNA segment, which is further converted to kinked V-shaped cleavage substrate by JetD nuclease binding. Our findings uncover mechanical bending of residual unextruded DNA as molecular signature for plasmid recognition and non-self DNA elimination. We moreover elucidate key elements of SMC loop extrusion, including the motor direction and the structure of a DNA-holding state.

Organizational features of ensuring the stability of the movement of passengers and cargo along the Northern Sea Route on the basis of restrictions on the use of Arctic aviation.

The movement of passengers and cargo along the Northern Sea Route requires the organization of support for navigation from many services on the continent. Ensuring the stability of the movement of passengers and cargo on high routes of the Northern Sea Route is a problem that needs a comprehensive solution. The article presents the author’s approach to the rational spatial organization of airfields in the aviation infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation necessary to achieve the goal and solve the problems of ensuring the stability of the movement of passengers and cargo on high routes of the Northern Sea Route. Both organizational and technical and economic requirements for the organization of support for the movement of passengers and cargo following the upper routes of the NSR with the use of Arctic-type helicopters are disclosed.

Aircraft noise modifies acoustic signals and social interactions of a microendemic frog from Mexico City

Research on urban noises affecting acoustic communication of animals is a growing area of study and conservation concern. However, the consequences of aircraft noise on anuran acoustic communication have been explored on a restricted basis to date. In this study, we investigated the impact of aircraft overflights on the individual and chorus performance of acoustic signalling in the Pedregal frog (Eleutherodactylus grandis), a microendemic and threatened species from Mexico City. During the summer of 2021, we recorded acoustic signals from male individuals and conducted acoustic monitoring to analyse how chorus social interactions change due to aircraft overflights. For this purpose, we evaluated acoustic properties of the call, including call duration, dominant frequency, call amplitude, and call repetition rate. Additionally, we measured the amplitude of environmental noises and signals by means of two types of complementary methodological approaches. Our results show changes in the individual performance of acoustic signals with longer call duration, lower dominant frequency, and higher call amplitude due to aircraft overflights, while individual call repetition rate did not vary. Furthermore, a decrease in the number of calls within the chorus was observed during aircraft overflight. Overall, these results show that aircraft noise causes plastic changes in the acoustic signals of the Pedregal frog and that social interactions between conspecifics decrease, thus adding a new disturbance to this species that already suffers from other anthropogenic noises, and habitat fragmentation.

Potencial Heterótico de Combinações Híbridas de Physalis peruviana para Caracteres de Fruto

Abstract: The breeding of Physalis peruviana is incipient in Brazil and is shown to be the most promising alternative for the development of productive genotypes with fruit quality. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the combining ability between inbred lines of P. peruviana, thus indicating the selection of hybrids with fruit quality. Therefore, four populations from different origins were selfed for three generations and crossed in controlled hybridizations, resulting in 28 P. peruviana populations. The hybrid in relation to the parent performance, based on the effects of general and specific combining ability, was compared in a full diallel mating design (Griffing Method 1). In the analysis of variance, the factor genotype was partitioned into the following causes of variation: i) parents and F1 hybrids, ii) selfed generations and iii) Genotype × environment (GE) interaction. There were significant differences between Parents and F1 hybrids for the trait fruit polar diameter. Still, the interaction between specific combining ability x environment and, reciprocal effect x environment, was significant. However, for the Xanxerê environment, there was a reduction of approximately 3.0 mm in the polar diameter of the fruit in the hybrid Colombia x Peru and a reduction of 4.5 mm for the reciprocal (Peru x Colombia). In the comparison of the selfed generations S0 with S1, the fruit weight of the Lages population decreased by 0.380 g. There was also a reduction of 974.5 kg.ha-1 in the fruit yield of the Peruvian population. Thus, the performance of the P. peruviana populations in hybrid combinations is unpromising, indicating the existence of only one P. peruviana gene pool, with a restricted genetic basis.

PSXI-13 Growth and Onset of Puberty in Replacement Gilts Fed on Ad Libitum Or Restricted Bases Using an Electronic Sow Feeder

Abstract Replacement gilts are typically fed on an ad libitum basis until approximately 135 kg BW at approximately 200 d of age and are bred between 135 and 160 kg BW during their second estrus. The shift to group-housing of the breeding herd makes it difficult to manage animals individually. Thus, utilization of an electronic sow feeder (ESF) enables caretakers to manage animals individually in group-housing situations, by allotting predetermined amounts of feed. The objective was to determine the effect of feeding level on growth and sexual development in gilts. Crossbred gilts, assumed prepubertal, were moved at 150 d of age to an open pen measuring 44.3 m2 located in a curtain-sided building with partially slatted concrete floors and an ESF (ACCUTEAM, Osborne Industries, Osborne, KS). Gilts were acclimated to the ESF during a 10-d period, during which they received feed on an ad libitum basis. At 160 d of age, gilts were randomly assigned to receive feed on either an ad libitum (AD, n = 18) or restricted (2.73 kg/d; RS, n = 19) basis. Estrus detection was performed for 42 d. Feeding level had no effect on age at puberty (P = 0.23). The pubertal estrus length was similar between treatments (P = 0.23); however, AD gilts exhibited a longer second estrus period (P = 0.05) compared with RS gilts (37.6 vs 30.8 h, SE = 3.6). Estrous cycle length was not affected (P = 0.72) by feeding level. There were no effects of feeding level (P = 0.36) or feeding level x day (P = 0.53) on BW; however, there was an effect of day (P < 0.01), indicative of growing gilts. Feed disappearance was affected by feeding level (P < 0.01, 4.25 vs. 2.68 kg/d, SE = 0.05 for AD and RS, respectively), day (P < 0.01) and feeding level x day (P < 0.01). Total station visits were affected by feeding level x day (P = 0.05). Non-feeding visits were affected by feeding level (P < 0.01, 1.0 vs. 3.7, SE = 0.22) and day (P < 0.01) but not feeding level x day (P = 0.20). Feeding visits were affected by feeding level x day (P < 0.01). Data were then normalized to the 20-d period before second estrus. Feed disappearance was affected by feeding level x day (P < 0.01), with feed disappearance decreasing in AD, but not RS, gilts as they approached estrus. During this 20-d period, BW was affected by feeding level x day (P < 0.01), with AD gilts having improved growth compared with RS gilts. In this study, feeding level did not affect age at puberty; however, utilizing an ESF may augment current estrus detection methods by monitoring feeding behavior.

Morphometric study of Lola Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus 1767) shells from natural harvest found in Indonesian

Abstract. Wahyudi ND, Hidayati D, Arbi UY, Ismail A. 2023. Morphometric study of Lola Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus 1767) shells from natural harvest found in Indonesian. Biodiversitas 24: 4711-4722. The population of Rochia nilotica or Lola snails is declining due to shell exploitation for industry, which requires monitoring. The government has implemented a policy to determine R. nilotica regulated on a restricted basis depending on the number (quota) and size of the shell (diameter) with a standard width of 80 cm. Based on the morphometric compositions and size trends of shells, this study aimed to map the potential trade of R. nilotica in Indonesia using the percentage of calculated morphometric data, including Sumatra, Sulawesi, Maluku-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and Papua. Morphometric analysis was carried out using caliper parameters of length, width, weight, and the data distribution of morphometrics using descriptive statistics. The results revealed fluctuating yearly data. Good quality of shell size (?80 mm) found from Sumatra (length = 95.13-104.49 mm; width = 86.61-103.46 mm; weight = 172.21-321.96 gram), Malulu-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) (length = 91.26-106.72 mm; width = 86.53-108.73 mm; weight = 228.01-365.62 gram), Sulawesi (length = 86.92-99.1 mm; width = 84.31-96.25 mm; weight = 205.39-317.33 gram), and Papua (length = 82.46-99.58 mm; width = 76.49-101.24 mm; weight = 182.57-283.07 gram) respectively. Among 909 samples of R. nilotica observed, 89% had a standard width (?80mm), indicating potential mapping of Sumatra (33%), Maluku-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) (24%), Sulawesi (18%), and Papua (14%). In Sumatra (1.65%), Maluku-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) (0.9%), Sulawesi (5.6%), and Papua (3.19%), non-standard width shells were sized at 51.46-72.15 mm, respectively. In total, 53.9% of protoconchs were classified as damaged. From 2014-2020, morphological observations of R. nilotica shells traded in Indonesia fluctuated but met the standard size. It is critical to continue monitoring the population and trade of R. nilotica, and the study findings can be used to make catch quota recommendations for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Genotypic Values of Soybean Derived from Wide and Restricted Crosses for Relative Maturity Groups

The primary objective of soybean-breeding programs is to develop cultivars that offer both high grain yield and a maturity cycle tailored to the specific soil and climatic conditions of their cultivation. Therefore, predicting the genetic value is essential for selecting and advancing promising genotypes. Among the various analytical approaches available, deep machine learning emerges as a promising choice due to its capability to predict the genetic component of phenotypes assessed under field conditions, thereby enhancing the precision of breeding decisions. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting the genetic values of soybean genotypes belonging to populations derived from crosses between parents of different relative maturity groups (RMGs). We characterized populations with broad and restricted genetic bases for RMG traits. Data from three soybean populations, evaluated over three different agricultural years, were used. Genetic values were predicted using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and compared to those obtained using the best unbiased linear prediction from variance components using restricted maximum likelihood (RR-BLUP). The MLP neural network efficiently predicted genetic values for the relative maturity group trait for genotypes belonging to populations of broad and restricted crosses, with an R2 of 0.999 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.241, and for grain yield, there was an R2 of 0.999 and an RMSE of 0.076. While the percentage of coincident superior genotypes remained relatively consistent, a significant difference was observed in their ranking order. The genetic gain with selection estimated using MLP was higher by 30–110% compared to RR-BLUP for the relative maturity group trait and 90–500% for grain yield. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) showed higher efficiency than RR-BLUP in predicting the genetic values of the soybean population. Local selection at intermediate latitudes is conducive to developing lines adaptable for regions at higher and lower latitudes.

<p>RESTRICTIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT IN TIMES OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC BEFORE THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA: CONSTANT OR EVOLVING?</p>

In democratic societies requirements on restrictions of implementation of freedom of movement remain a significant area challenged in different constitutional courts due to so-called the lockdown measures in times of COVID-19 pandemic. The question arises whether in Lithuania the standard of scrutiny on the level of protection of freedom of movement stays constant or evolves? Aiming to reveal these requirements, comprehensive analysis and comparison of them in the official constitutional doctrine of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania is made. The author uses the holistic approach by evaluating the case law until the COVID-19 pandemic and during this pandemic, as well as after it. As the previous case law does not change, it also suggests position for the future providing some additional requirements for assesing constitutionality of legal regulation restricting implementation of non-absolute rights comprising the right of movement. These requirements are: constitutionally justifiable basis of restrictions, their necessity, temporal character, proportionality, equality, as well as possibilities for persons to implement other constitutional rights.

Theoretical Investigation on Atmospheric Chemistry of Nitryl Cyanide: A Novel Fluorine-Free Dielectric Gas.

In view of the significant greenhouse effect of sulfur hexafluoride and the potential biotoxic hazard of perfluorinated substances, we proposed that nitryl cyanide (NCNO2), a nearly nonpolar molecule with a unique combination of two strongly electronegative and polarized functional groups, is a novel fluorine-free replacement to be used as the insulating gas in green electrical grids. Atmospheric chemistry of NCNO2 has been investigated theoretically to assess its environmental impact if emitted into the atmosphere. Potential energy surfaces for the reaction of NCNO2 with OH in the presence of O2 were calculated using the restricted open-shell complete basis set quadratic Becke3 and Gaussian-4 methods on the basis of the density functional (M06-2X) and couple-cluster (CCSD) optimized geometrical parameters. The oxidation of NCNO2 takes place via the nearly zero-barrier association of OH with the cyano-C to form energy-rich adducts NC(OH)NO2, followed by C-N bond rupture to the major HOCN + NO2 and the minor HONO + NCO products. Interception of the adduct by O2 can result in OH-regeneration together with further degradation to CO and NOx. Moreover, photolysis of NCNO2 under tropospheric sunlight conditions might compete with OH-oxidation. The atmospheric lifetime and radiative efficiency of NCNO2 were computed to be far less than those of either nitriles or nitro compounds. The global warming potential of NCNO2 was estimated to be in the range of 0-5 for a 100 year time horizon. However, the secondary chemistry of NCNO2 should be treated with caution in view of the production of NOx in the atmosphere.

Legal basis of restriction of constitutional human rights and freedoms in Ukraine

This article examines the issue of legal regulation of the restriction of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in Ukraine in various political and legal situations. A short excursion into the theory of judgment (discretion) is made, as well as into the theory of discretionary powers of public officials, various definitions of this term are given. Types of discretion are revealed, attention is focused on the need to observe the principles of objectivity and impartiality, equality before the law. It is noted that unfair discrimination is prohibited, and that a proper balance must be ensured, that is, proportionality between the purpose of the decision and its negative consequences for the rights, freedoms or interests of individuals. It is pointed out that the discretion is not arbitrary, it must always be exercised in accordance 
 with the law, must be accompanied by protective measures, including ongoing judicial control, which is emphasized by the Council of Europe. When exercising discretion, the process of observing its main principles, which regulate administrative acts in general and are specified in the relevant acts of the Council of Europe, becomes important. Examples are given when the application of the idea of discretionary powers of state authorities leads to the fact that in some situations it is not possible to actually protect one's rights even through court. In Ukrainian realities, discretionary powers began to be interpreted as any powers when a state authority makes one or another decision. In turn, Ukrainian courts, when considering disputes, sometimes prefer not to violate the powers of state authorities interpreted in this way. It is noted that the procedures for limiting the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen have certain features in the exercise of discretion, that is, they are determined by the court or the law, which is provided for in Art. 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 54 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The constitutional clause regarding the limitation of constitutional rights and freedoms in the conditions of martial law or state of emergency is disclosed.

Ex vivo magnetic resonance elastography of the small bowel in Crohn's disease.

Conventional magnetic resonance enterography is limited in differentiating active inflammation and fibrosis in lesions of Crohn's disease (CD), thus providing a restricted basis for therapeutic decision making. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging imaging tool that differentiates soft tissues on the basis of their viscoelastic properties. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of MRE in assessing the viscoelastic properties of small bowel samples and quantifying differences in viscoelastic properties between healthy ileum and ileum affected by CD. Twelve patients (median age: 48 years) were prospectively enrolled in this study between September 2019 and January 2021. Patients of the study group (n=7) underwent surgery for terminal ileal CD, while patients of the control group (n=5) underwent segmental resection of healthy ileum. MRE of ileal tissue samples of surgical specimens from both groups was performed in a compact tabletop MRI scanner. Penetration rate (a in m/s) and shear wave speed (c in m/s) were determined as markers of viscosity and stiffness for vibration frequencies f of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, and 3,000 Hz. Additionally, damping ratio γ was deduced, and frequency-independent viscoelastic parameters were calculated using the viscoelastic spring-pot model. Penetration rate a was significantly lower in CD-affected ileum compared to healthy ileum for all vibration frequencies (P<0.05). Consistently, damping ratio γ was higher in CD-affected ileum, averaged over all frequencies (healthy: 0.58±0.12, CD: 1.04±0.55, P=0.03), as well as at 1,000 and 1,500 Hz individually (P<0.05). Spring-pot-derived viscosity parameter η was also significantly reduced in CD-affected tissue (2.62±1.37 versus 10.60±12.60 Pa·s, P=0.02). No significant difference was found for shear wave speed c between healthy and diseased tissue at any frequency (P>0.05). MRE of surgical small bowel specimens is feasible, allowing determination of viscoelastic properties and reliable quantification of differences in viscoelastic properties between healthy and CD-affected ileum. Thus, the results presented here are an important prerequisite for future studies investigating comprehensive MRE mapping and exact histopathological correlation including characterization and quantification of inflammation and fibrosis in CD.

STRUCTURING OF LAND USE RESTRICTIONS IN UKRAINE

Establishing land use restrictions as a mechanism for ensuring favourable conditions for the life of the population and sustainable development of territories is of great importance. The study analysed the diversity of restrictions on land use, determined the grounds for setting land use restrictions, carried out their aggregation and structuring according to various characteristics, taking into account legal, spatial, social, economic and ecological aspects. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and system methods were used. Restrictions on land use are diversified in nature, size and grounds for establishment. The main basis for imposing restrictions on the land use in Ukraine is the necessity of natural resources preservation; ensuring the economic efficiency of territory development; ensuring social justice and protection of the population; environmental stability preservation territory restoration in the post-war period. The classification of land use restrictions is proposed depending on various classification features. The most significant among which are: presence of the mode-forming object as a basis for restriction; degree of determination; planning characteristics; validity term; ownerships of land in the area of limitations; access mode status for beneficiaries of specified benefits. The results of the study illustrate the need to further definition of the assessment of the impact of restrictions on social life.

A peer-led, school-based social network intervention for young people in the UK, promoting sexual health via social media and conversations with friends: intervention development and optimisation of STASH

BackgroundThe quality of school-based sex and relationships education (SRE) is variable in the UK. Digitally-based interventions can usefully supplement teacher-delivered lessons and positively impact sexual health knowledge. Designed to address gaps in core SRE knowledge, STASH (Sexually Transmitted infections And Sexual Health) is a peer-led social network intervention adapted from the successful ASSIST (A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial) model, and based on Diffusion of Innovation theory. This paper describes how the STASH intervention was developed and refined.MethodsDrawing on the Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development (6SQuID) framework, we tested a provisional programme theory through three iterative stages -: 1) evidence synthesis; 2) intervention co-production; and 3) adaptation - which incorporated evidence review, stakeholder consultation, and website co-development and piloting with young people, sexual health specialists, and educators. Multi-method results were analysed in a matrix of commonalities and differences.ResultsOver 21 months, intervention development comprised 20 activities within the three stages. 1) We identified gaps in SRE provision and online resources (e.g. around sexual consent, pleasure, digital literacy), and confirmed critical components including the core ASSIST peer nomination process, the support of schools, and alignment to the national curriculum. We reviewed candidate social media platforms, ruling out all except Facebook on basis of functionality restrictions which precluded their use for our purposes. 2) Drawing on these findings, as well as relevant behaviour change theories and core elements of the ASSIST model, we co-developed new content with young people and other stakeholders, tailored to sexual health and to delivery via closed Facebook groups, as well as face-to-face conversations. 3) A pilot in one school highlighted practical considerations, including around peer nomination, recruitment, awareness raising, and boundaries to message sharing. From this, a revised STASH intervention and programme theory were co-developed with stakeholders.ConclusionsSTASH intervention development required extensive adaptation from the ASSIST model. Although labour intensive, our robust co-development approach ensured that an optimised intervention was taken forward for feasibility testing. Evidencing a rigorous approach to operationalising existing intervention development guidance, this paper also highlights the significance of balancing competing stakeholder concerns, resource availability, and an ever-changing landscape for implementation.Trial registrationISRCTN97369178.

Legitimate aim in the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease

The acute respiratory disease COVID-19 has caused restrictions on human rights not seen since the end of the Second World War. Restrictive measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease have been introduced almost all over the world. However, like any restrictions on human rights, such measures must meet the requirements of the principle of proportionality. The principle of proportionality provides for three main criteria for restrictions to be proportionate: they must be provided for by law, have a legitimate purpose and be proportional «stricto sensu». The paper is devoted to consideration of both the general goal of all restrictive measures and individual goals of specific restrictions. Having analyzed the issue of the existence of a legitimate goal of the implementation of measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease, we established the existence of a goal in the form of protecting the life and health of the population. Having investigated the legitimacy of human rights restrictions related to measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease, it can be concluded that preventing the spread of COVID-19 and ensuring the readiness of health care facilities to provide medical assistance to patients with acute respiratory disease COVID-19, were quite important targets in the fight against the coronavirus infection. However, due to a significant period of time after the declaration of a pandemic, such goals can only be the basis for minimal restrictions in specific critical situations. Some measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease introduced by Resolution No. 255 did not have a legitimate purpose at all, and therefore they cannot be recognized as proportionate restrictions on human rights.

Left-Sided Heart Defects and Laterality Disturbance in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by hypoplasia of left-sided heart structures. The developmental basis for restriction of defects to the left side of the heart in HLHS remains unexplained. The observed clinical co-occurrence of rare organ situs defects such as biliary atresia, gut malrotation, or heterotaxy with HLHS would suggest possible laterality disturbance. Consistent with this, pathogenic variants in genes regulating left-right patterning have been observed in HLHS patients. Additionally, Ohia HLHS mutant mice show splenic defects, a phenotype associated with heterotaxy, and HLHS in Ohia mice arises in part from mutation in Sap130, a component of the Sin3A chromatin complex known to regulate Lefty1 and Snai1, genes essential for left-right patterning. Together, these findings point to laterality disturbance mediating the left-sided heart defects associated with HLHS. As laterality disturbance is also observed for other CHD, this suggests that heart development integration with left-right patterning may help to establish the left-right asymmetry of the cardiovascular system essential for efficient blood oxygenation.

La universidad latinoamericana hacia la construcción de una agenda renovada Autonomía, democratización e investigación en el siglo XXI

Within the backdrop of the legacy of reformism, inspired by the Cordoba revolt in 1918, the trajectories of Latin American universities show variations. Both, instabilities of the region and the predominance of a university focused on teaching, delayed (decelerate) the development of research as a substantive university activity. In the 1990s, under the influence of the Washington Consensus, governments restricted university funding basis and fragmented its operation. Today, universities face a double challenge: to universalize the right to higher education (HE) and to erect endogenous research platforms. The simultaneity of both is typical in the region and requires thinking of HE as a system. In the ability to meet these demands, lies the possibility for public universities to constitute a central link to promote social welfare in this century.