Basis Of Respondents Research Articles

Ментально-поведенческие особенности поколений россиян (по социологическим материалам)

In the context of the social transformation of Russian society, various contradictions (obvious and latent) took place in different spheres of society. In particular, there are noticeable differences in the mental and behavioral characteristics (traits, characteristics, mentality) of Russians generations causing destructive effects and social conflicts, including in intergenerational relationships. The article is based on the analysis of the problem situation: which positive and negative features are most characteristic of Russians, according to the estimates of respondents of different age and generational groups? The general assessment of their generation by the majority of respondents is generally quite positive. The distribution of positive and negative traits of generations, compiled on the basis of respondents' assessments, shows noticeable mental and behavioral differences between the younger, middle and older generations, especially the younger generation. However, the mental autonomy of the younger generation cannot be considered as a semblance of complete (especially absolute) isolation and separation of youth from other generations. At the same time, according to the sociological data, despite the critical attitude towards the state of large masses of Russians, the potential of patriotism and citizenship is very high and predominant in all age-generational groups.

Pojetí psychické odolnosti českými a slovenskými psychology

The concept of human resilience is used in various contexts from every day speech to experts discourse. When used in everyday language, the concept of psychological resilience seems quite clear and understandable. In the professional psychological context, we encounter various problems and ambiguities on a theoretical, terminological and methodological level. When we take a closer look. A more thorough analysis of the concept of psychological resilience currently leads to the assumption that it is a complex, complexly structured multi-conditional phenomenon. The aim of the paper is to explore Czech and Slovak psychologists’ concept of psychological resilience. The paper presents a theoretical definition of the phenomenon of resilience, discussing its relation with health and outlining approaches to researching hardiness. The sample was randomly assembled on the basis of respondents’ willingness to participate. Responses were collected using a questionnaire completed by 348 psychologists from the academic community and other spheres in which psychology is professional practiced. The method – using a questionnaire with a small number of relatively simple questions – primarily provides information on respondents’ immediate reactions to the questions. The analyzed sample was assembled randomly on the basis of willingness to participate; it is not a representative sample. In view of the research topic, no hypotheses were generated; instead, research questions were formulated concerning the definition of psychological hardiness, its relation with health, methods used in diagnosing or researching hardiness, and the opinions of experts from the academic and research community. In view of the nature of the data collected, an analysis of descriptive data was carried out, based on absolute and relative frequencies. When defining psychological hardiness, most of the respondents used the concept of ability in the general sense (either in simple or more complex terms), or they defined hardiness as a psychological characteristic (a personality trait). They assumed a strong and significant connection between hardiness and health. This corresponds with the opinions of numerous present-day researchers. The psychologists from the academic sphere gave more detailed responses. When determining hardiness, respondents use self-devised methods or methods taken from expert sources.

Indicators characterizing the health of Russian residents by 2021

Based on the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the Higher School of Economics, the main factors characterizing health in dynamics on the basis of respondents' self-assessments from 1994 to 2020 are considered. According to the 2020 data, no significant changes in health have been revealed, that might allow us to talk about an obvious impact of the pandemic. About a half of men and a third of women considered themselves healthy, 45.8% of men and 52.0% of women define their health as average. The negative assessments by residents of various settlements have almost become equal, and by 2020, urban residents have already assessed their health as worse than residents of villages. Villagers are half as likely to rate their health as poor. The main factors that can make a negative contribution to the pandemic situation have been identified: (1) 8.5% of men and 13.2% of women consider their health to be bad and very bad; during the past 30 days in 2020, a fifth of men and a third of women had health problems; (2) 22.6% are not satisfied with their lives in general, the well-being of men and women practically does not differ; (3) 56.3% are not satisfied with their financial situation; 29.7% reported that their financial situation has worsened; (4) 6.7% are not satisfied with their work; (5) 16.6% do not see prospects and believe that they will live worse in the near future; (6) 63.4% of people are very worried or a little worried about the threat of losing their job; (7) 77.4% lead a passive lifestyle, do not exercise; (8) 43.9% of men and 13.1% of women smoke.

Stress and anxiety in orthodontic residents during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on health care providers and health professional students; however, little is known about the factors related to stress and anxiety levels, specifically among orthodontic residents during this time.MethodsA 2-part questionnaire, which included modified stress and anxiety inventories, was disseminated electronically to U.S. orthodontic residents between June and July 2020. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsOverall, 261 participants responded (56% female), representing a response rate of 26.8%. Significant gender differences were found in 18 stress items, with female respondents expressing more stress than their male counterparts. Only 1 stress item (ie, fear of being unable to catch up if behind) varied as a function of the difference on the basis of respondents’ stage in the program. First-year residents reported more stress in relation to this than more senior residents. Responses to all anxiety items but 1 item varied by gender, with females reporting higher scores. Residents in the middle stages of their program responded with higher anxiety scores with significant differences on 3 anxiety items.ConclusionsAlthough financial responsibilities and travel plans were the most stressful and anxiety-inducing items for orthodontic residents during the early aspect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, multiple items contributed to their stress and anxiety. In addition, both gender and stage of progress in a residency program impacted the level of stress and anxiety reported by respondents.

An analysis of students' attitude toward electoral politics in 2018 general elections: A case Study of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad

This paper seeks to investigate educated youth's attitudes toward electoral politics in general, and the 2018 general elections, in particular. For this purpose, the researchers conducted a case study of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (QAU). One of the major objectives of this study was to ascertain educated youth's general attitude toward electoral politics and know whether there exist any variations in the thinking of students with diverse ethnic, social, and academic backgrounds. The author also wanted to find possible explanations for any such variations. Therefore, the paper first presents overall findings of the study and then analyses the responses on the basis of respondents' gender, their disciplines, and ethnic identity. For better results, the researchers used mixed research method. He first collected quantitative data through a survey and then interviewed different people to find possible explanations for the findings. The study found that there are great variations in the thinking of students belonging to different provinces/administrative units, academic disciplines, and genders. The findings necessitate comprehensive reforms in the electoral system.

Foodservice clientele tipping behavior and its impetus on restaurant service reliability in Kenya

ABSTRACT Tipping is an interesting pecuniary behavior involving service providers and hospitality’s restaurant clients. The tipping act goes beyond the hospitality industry and therefore is a common practice across the entire service industry. However, tipping is thought to have adverse negative effects on food service reliability. This is because of the general belief that tipping could be the origin of selective and discriminatory service, with an inclination toward clients who are believed to tip thus compromising service quality hence reliability. This study therefore sought to investigate the relationship between foodservice clientele tipping behavior and its impetus on restaurant service reliability in Kenya. A census of all the two- and three-star hotels was taken, and simple random sampling applied in the selection of study respondents. The study employed descriptive research survey design which is concerned with describing situations on the basis of respondents’ responses and examining their relationships. The area of study under investigation was Kisumu County, the former administrative districts of Nyanza province in Western parts of Kenya, with a sample size of 384 respondents. Questionnaires were self-administered to restaurant clients at the exit point after meals and the study achieved a response rate of 72.1%. The study gave results showing 62.8% gave tips. Further, the study found that respondents tipping behavior was not significantly related to nationality as well as gender (P ˃ 0.05). However, the independent variable – tipping was found to explain 30.5% of the variability of the dependent variable – food service reliability in the two and three-star hotels. Therefore, the study established a significant relationship between tipping and foodservice reliability in the two and there star hotels within Kisumu County, Kenya (P ˂ 0.05).

Role of Behavioral Factors in Share Market Investment Decision Making

Investment behavior of individual investors in the share market highly influenced to variety of psychological factors. All the psychological factors highly contribute for investors’ decision of allocating the surplus financial resources for different instruments and stocks in the stock market. Major psychological bias broadly classified as Heuristic Bias, Prospect Bias, Market Bias and Hardening Bias. But, in this study authors concentrated in detail to investigate the impact of Heuristic bias on the investment decision making of Indian share market investors with special focus on the representativeness, over confidence, anchoring, gambler’s fallacy and availability bias. 375 share market investors selected from different geographical areas and different share broking houses to answer structured questionnaire but response received for 310 questionnaires. Also, share broker, financial experts and regular investors informally interviewed to get in-depth knowledge on the issues related for influence of psychology on investment decision of individual investors of share market. Different behavioral variables in this study have been justified on the basis of respondents’ age, gender, geography, kind of investor, recourses for investment, amount for investment etc. Indian share market investment lagging behind just with the participation of not more than 6% of the total population due to several issues, one among is failure of both investor and share service providing agencies to understand the influence of behavioral issues and its impact on investment decision. Final justification in the present empirical paper draw by applying different statistical techniques like chi-square test, factor analysis, co-relation analysis and ANOVA techniques of SPPS 20. This research attempt may be highly helpful for both the investors and financial service providers to reconstruct strategies after considering behavioral issues and its impact on investment.

Study the Level of Awareness Among Housewives About Environmental Education

The purpose of this paper was to study the level of awareness among housewives about environmental education. For this task review of existing literature was carried out. Being descriptive study, survey method was adopted for data collection. A group of 50 housewives from Bahawalnagar District of Division Bahawalpur was recognized as sample to accomplish the study. Closed ended questionnaire for housewives were developed on Likert scale and data was collected. Data collected through questionnaire was tabulated, analysis and discussed. The analysis was arranged on the basis of respondents and the housewives’ opinions were analyzed. The result from the findings of this study showed that active learning of the housewives has appeared with the expansion of their actions in the Green Future. With the presence at the Eco conductors Training course as an opening, they come to join in the Eco conducting Activity and developed Green Future into an essential association connected to the eco-environment in the society. Their Eco-conducting movement was based on the outcome of knowledge from the teaching courses, in which the accessible expert in Eco conducting skilled them. At the end some recommendations were made to improve housewives’ skills and awareness about environmental education.

The Selection of Survey Modes on the Basis of Respondents' Preferences Analysis

The Selection of Survey Modes on the Basis of Respondents' Preferences Analysis

Park Krajobrazowy Podlaski Przełom Bugu jako destynacja gospodarstw domowych

Wśród wielu funkcji jakie pełnią gospodarstwa domowe, można wymienić między innymi funkcję mającą na celu zagospodarowanie czasu wolnego poszczególnych jego członków. Metoda i narzędzia pozwalające na realizację tej funkcji oraz sam fakt ilości czasu wolnego wpływają na jakość życia. W dużej mierze możliwości zagospodarowania czasu wolnego zależą od poziomu osiąganych dochodów w gospodarstwie, jego sytuacji ekonomicznej. Obszar Parku Krajobrazowego Podlaski Przełom Bugu to jeden z celów podróży na tereny wschodniej Polski. Celem artykułu jest określenie głównych czynników determinujących podejmowanie aktywności turystycznej oraz ocena czynników wpływających, zdaniem respondentów, na atrakcyjność turystyczną tego parku. Postawiono hipotezę, iż w opinii usługobiorców najważniejszym czynnikiem jest położenie w pobliżu stadniny koni w Janowie Podlaskim. Dla realizacji celu i weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy przeprowadzone zostały badania ankietowe na grupie 103 kierowników gospodarstw domowych korzystających z usług turystycznych na tym terenie w okresie kwiecień–czerwiec 2017 roku.

Views of Teachers, Intern doctors and Students regarding Feedback on Formative Assessment during MBBS Course in Bangladesh

Objective(s): To explore the present status of feedback following formative assessment during MBBS course in Bangladesh.Methodology: This study was conducted in eight (4 govt. and 4 non govt.) medical colleges in Dhaka and outside Dhaka. The study period was July 2014 to May 2015. Total 50 teachers, 150 intern doctors, 250 students participated in this study. Different structured, self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data from the teachers, intern doctors and students.Result: Majority of the teachers (58%) , intern doctors (89%) and students (87%) disagreed about return of written answers script to the students after formative assessment, while few teachers (12.5%) teachers used to return those , out of their own interest. In this study, 80% teachers, 60% intern doctors and 50% students mentioned that individual feedback was not practiced on SOE/Oral examinations after formative feedback. Most (62.3%) of the intern doctors and students (63%) opined that the feedback they received after formative assessment were not uniform from all departments. Majority (56%) of the teachers pointed that, the timing of providing feedback was uncertain and 48% teachers declared that they gave feedback after formative assessment by marks/grade in groups whereas only 6% teachers provided it personally. Teachers (76%) added that through formative assessments followed by feedback they could identify the learning gaps and weaknesses of the students. According to teachers (86%), intern doctors (74.5%) and students (59.2%), it helped to reduce the fear in subsequent assessment. All of the respondents (teachers, intern doctors and students) figured out the factors responsible for inadequate feedback after formative assessment as compact class schedule (58%, 44.8%, 56.5% respectively), frequent assessment (48%, 49.7%, 48.1% respectively) and inadequate number of stuff (44%, 31.2%, 37.7% respectively). Teachers, intern doctors and students suggested that training of the teachers on feedback process, appointing more teachers, limiting the number of classes and formative assessments, ensuring the feedback after each formative assessments may improve the present situation of feedback in MBBS course.Conclusion: In our country context feedback following formative assessment during MBBS course are not being given following any standard manner. In this study it was figured out that different types of formative assessment are important at different phases of MBBS course. On the basis of respondents' (Teachers, Intern doctors and students) opinion, it can also be concluded that feedback is not being provided in time after formative assessment. Individual feedback is not also being practiced on SOE and practical/clinical examinations after formative assessment, rather it is being provided by some teachers' own interest but not uniformly by all the departments.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.7(2) 2016: 2-8

EXPLAINING SYNONYMY BETWEEN OBLIGATION EXPRESSIONS IN FINNISH LEGAL LANGUAGE – RESULTS OF A SURVEY

The aim of this research is to examine synonymy between two obligation expressions, tulee and on -t(t)ava, in Finnish legal language on the basis of the results of a survey. The analysis is based on the responses of 336 Finnish language users. Both expressions are the most frequent means of expressing obligation in normative acts and they can be regarded as near-synonyms. However, the synonymy between them has not been studied in legal language so far. On the basis of respondents’ comments ten differentiating features have been found. The features distinguished in the research can provide some additional information on the usage of the expressions because not all of the features have been addressed in the dictionaries so far.

An Experience of Running a MOOC on Information Technology

The paper deals with designing and running a massive open online course (MOOC) used in Lithuanian course “Information technologies” for learners of all levels. The main problem of this course relates to lack of qualified and experienced teachers who could have time for providing a high-quality massive open online course for learners. The results of the experience provided on a national level can be used for planning, designing and running various MOOCs on different subjects and aimed at different societies. The presented quantitative research on the basis of respondents' answers to a survey questions can help designers and teachers to improve their courses.

Revisiting the Four Types of Cyclists: Findings from a National Survey

To understand the makeup of a population in terms of how people view bicycling can help in planning bicycle facilities and programs. Roger Geller, bicycle coordinator for the City of Portland, Oregon, proposed a typology that characterized people as one of four types—strong and fearless, enthused and confident, interested but concerned, and no way, no how—with respect to their attitudes toward bicycling. The research presented here sought to find out how applicable the typology was nationally and explored motivating factors, barriers, and the appeal of various bicycle facility types for each type of cyclist or potential cyclist. This study followed up on an earlier study that tested Geller’s typology with Portland data. In this new study, a sample involved 3,000 adults who lived in the 50 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. On the basis of respondents’ ( a) stated level of comfort when they bicycled in different environments, ( b) their interest in bicycling, and ( c) their recent behavior, the study estimated that about one-third of adults were in the no way, no how group, and about half were in the interested but concerned group. The distribution was similar to that of the earlier findings for Portland. Several demographic differences emerged, with women less likely to be enthusiastic and confident or to be interested but concerned. Few differences appeared in whether respondents had ridden a bike at all in the past 30 days. Differences emerged as to where they bicycled and how often. The interested but concerned group was least likely to ride for transportation and rode less frequently. Barriers included not having a bicycle to ride; needing a vehicle for work, school, or other reasons; destinations too far to reach by bicycle; too few bike lanes or trails; and traffic.

Beliefs about depression—Do affliction and treatment experience matter? Results of a population survey from Germany

BackgroundThere is not much known about the associations of beliefs about depression (depression literacy) with a history of depression and treatment experience. MethodsAnalyses were based on a telephone survey in two large German cities (Hamburg and Munich). Written vignettes with typical signs and symptoms suggestive of a depression were presented to 1293 respondents. Respondents were then asked about beliefs about causes, symptoms, prevalence, and treatment using a standardized questionnaire. For the analysis respondents were divided into three groups: (1) people who never had a depression, (2) people who had a depression but were not treated and (3) people with treatment experience. ResultsRespondents with experience in treatment for depression were more likely to correctly recognize the disorder, to positively evaluate treatability and to favor external factors (adverse conditions in childhood and psychosocial stress) as potential causes of depression compared to those who never were afflicted. There were no significant differences between these two groups regarding beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment options. There were only few significant differences in depression literacy between respondents who have a history of depression but have not sought help and those who never were afflicted. LimitationsThe three groups were constituted on the basis of respondents׳ self-reports, not medical diagnoses. ConclusionsOur findings only partly support the general assumption that being afflicted and having sought help is associated with beliefs closer to those of professionals.

Hospital process orientation from an operations management perspective: development of a measurement tool and practical testing in three ophthalmic practices.

BackgroundAlthough research interest in hospital process orientation (HPO) is growing, the development of a measurement tool to assess process orientation (PO) has not been very successful yet. To view a hospital as a series of processes organized around patients with a similar demand seems to be an attractive proposition, but it is hard to operationalize this idea in a measurement tool that can actually measure the level of PO. This research contributes to HPO from an operations management (OM) perspective by addressing the alignment, integration and coordination of activities within patient care processes. The objective of this study was to develop and practically test a new measurement tool for assessing the degree of PO within hospitals using existing tools.MethodsThrough a literature search we identified a number of constructs to measure PO in hospital settings. These constructs were further operationalized, using an OM perspective. Based on five dimensions of an existing questionnaire a new HPO-measurement tool was developed to measure the degree of PO within hospitals on the basis of respondents’ perception. The HPO-measurement tool was pre-tested in a non-participating hospital and discussed with experts in a focus group. The multicentre exploratory case study was conducted in the ophthalmic practices of three different types of Dutch hospitals. In total 26 employees from three disciplines participated. After filling in the questionnaire an interview was held with each participant to check the validity and the reliability of the measurement tool.ResultsThe application of the HPO-measurement tool, analysis of the scores and interviews with the participants resulted in the possibility to identify differences of PO performance and the areas of improvement – from a PO point of view – within each hospital. The result of refinement of the items of the measurement tool after practical testing is a set of 41 items to assess the degree of PO from an OM perspective within hospitals.ConclusionsThe development and practically testing of a new HPO-measurement tool improves the understanding and application of PO in hospitals and the reliability of the measurement tool. The study shows that PO is a complex concept and appears still hard to objectify.

The Competences of Physical Education Students. Unified Versus Two-Tier University Studies

Abstract Introduction . The objective of the study was a comparative analysis of the results of unified and two-tier university studies in physical education at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. Material and methods . The study utilized 128 full-time final semester students. The study utilized a diagnostic poll and random survey method. On the basis of respondents' opinions, the following results were analyzed: respondents' expectations regarding their education and the level of their fulfilment, forms of activities undertaken during studies, professional plans and opinions regarding the course of studies in PE. Results . The analysis revealed that, when making the decision to study physical education, respondents expected to gain directional competences and knowledge and skills enabling further education. Respondents highly regarded the level of these competences gained. The majority of respondents expressed a wish to find employment in the education sector and other institutions of physical education. Conclusion . The result of the research indicated that transforming unified Master's studies into two-tier university studies did not bring about fundamental changes in the outcome of studies in physical education.

Travel and Tropical Medicine Practice Among Infectious Disease Practitioners

Infectious disease specialists who evaluate international travelers before or after their trips need skills to prevent, recognize, and treat an increasingly broad range of infectious diseases. Wide variation exists in training and percentage effort among providers of this care. In parallel, there may be variations in approach to pre-travel consultation and the types of travel-related illness encountered. Aggregate information from travel-medicine providers may reveal practice patterns and novel trends in infectious illness acquired through travel. The 1,265 members of the Infectious Disease Society of America's Emerging Infections Network were queried by electronic survey about their training in travel medicine, resources used, pre-travel consultations, and evaluation of ill-returning travelers. The survey also captured information on whether any of 10 particular conditions had been diagnosed among ill-returning travelers, and if these diagnoses were perceived to be changing in frequency. A majority of respondents (69%) provided both pre-travel counseling and post-travel evaluations, with significant variation in the numbers of such consultations. A majority of all respondents (61%) reported inadequate training in travel medicine during their fellowship years. However, a majority of recent graduates (55%) reported adequate preparation. Diagnoses of malaria, traveler's diarrhea, and typhoid fever were reported by the most respondents (84, 71, and 53%, respectively). The percent effort dedicated to pre-travel evaluation and care of the ill-returning traveler vary widely among infectious disease specialists, although a majority participate in these activities. On the basis of respondents' self-assessment, recent fellowship training is reported to equip graduates with better skills in these areas than more remote training. Ongoing monitoring of epidemiologic trends of travel-related illness is warranted.

Information Sources, Information, and Their Effectiveness in Determining Secondary School Students’ Choices of Further Educational Pathway and Careers

The present study is an overview of formal and informal sources of information that are currently used by students of upper-secondary technical and vocational schools in deciding on the course of their education and careers, and their availability and effectiveness evaluate on the basis of respondents’ subjective assessment. It also maps information that students consider to be important in career desicion-making. These findings are necessary to make the work of educational consultants, school psychologists and career counsellors more effective. They are also necessary for teachers of career education. For this purpose, a quantitatively oriented empirical survey, designed by the National Institute of Education, School Counselling Centre and Centre for Further Education of Teachers was carried out. Data was collected via paired questionnaires for students in the final year of upper-secondary school and their parents. Data collection was carried out in 2011 at twenty secondary technical schools and vocational schools in four regions of the Czech Republic. The sample consists of 442 students and their parents.

Educational inequalities in smoking cessation trends in Italy, 1982–2002

Background/aim:Smoking prevalence rates are declining in most industrialised countries, partly because of growing cessation rates. However, little is known on recent time-trends in smoking cessation by socioeconomic position. This study...