Reasonable Basis Research Articles

Research on the distribution of debris flow impact on the upstream surface of the check dam

The impact force of debris flow is not only an important indicator of the risk assessment of debris flow and the strength impact resistance of buildings against debris flow, but also an important parameter in the design of various debris flow prevention projects (such as the check dam and the drainage channel, etc.). The pressure sensors are arranged at different positions (monitoring points) on the upstream face of the check dam. By changing the slope of the drainage channel, the bulk density of debris flow and the slope gradient of the upstream face of the check dam, the time history curves of the impact force at the monitoring points under different experiment conditions are obtained. The characteristic value of the impact force of debris flow acting on the surface of the sand retaining dam is analyzed, and the evolution law of mean value and maximum value of impact force of debris flow at the same detection location with the above conditions is obtained. The mean value and maximum value of debris flow impact force at different detection locations under the same working condition are analyzed to obtain the evolution law of debris flow impact force at different locations, and then the distribution trend of debris flow impact force on the upstream face of the check dam is obtained. The research results provide scientific and reasonable theoretical basis and technical support for the stability analysis of the check dam, so as to better serve the disaster prevention and reduction of debris flow, which will improve the technical level of the debris flow prevention project to a certain extent.

Religious Approaches to Bioethical Reasoning: Bridging Values and Ethics

Religious traditions exert a profound influence on bioethical reasoning, shaping how different communities approach complex ethical issues like end-of-life care, genetic manipulation, and medical interventions. This study investigates the diverse methodologies employed by various religions, focusing on how scriptural interpretation and ethical principles inform their bioethical frameworks. By conducting a comparative analysis across major world religions, the research highlights both the distinct and shared approaches these traditions take toward navigating bioethical dilemmas. Case studies and contemporary examples are examined to illustrate how religious moral reasoning influences decision-making in areas such as ventilator use, feeding tubes, and genetic interventions. The study shows that although religious traditions offer a strong basis for ethical reasoning, their values frequently clash with secular perspectives, making consensus difficult in multicultural societies. Resolving these conflicts is vital for cultivating ethical harmony and encouraging cross-cultural dialogue.

Natural surfactant used as an additive in the enzymatic-homogenate synergistic extraction of piceatannol, resveratrol, and myricetin from the myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) fruit

In this study, three different target analytes from the fruit of myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) were extracted via an enzymatic-homogenate synergistic extraction (EHSE) process, and 10 different aqueous solutions of natural surfactants were selected as extraction solvents, thus enabling the simultaneous extraction of piceatannol, resveratrol, and myricetin from the fruit of myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Important factors affecting the yield of piceatannol, resveratrol, and myricetin, including enzyme type, enzyme concentration, pH, surfactant type and dosage, homogenization time, liquid‒solid ratio, incubation and extraction time, incubation time and extraction temperature, were optimized via single-factor experiments. Three important parameters were optimized via the Box‒Behnken design: the liquid‒solid ratio, the incubation–extraction time, and the reaction temperature. The final optimum extraction process conditions were as follows: β-glucosidase concentration, 3.0%, homogenate; time, 3 min; pH, 5; tea saponin concentration, 0.8%; liquid‒solid ratio, 45 mL/g; incubation–extraction time, 2.5 h; and temperature, 67.5 °C. With the optimized experimental parameters, the piceatannol, resveratrol, and myricetin yields were 742.12 ± 37.11 μg/g, 18.58 ± 0.94 μg/g, and 24.83 ± 1.25 μg/g, respectively. Methodological validation and comparison experiments with traditional solvents demonstrated that EHSE is a successful, green, and safe method for extracting active plant components. This approach employs an ecologically benign water-based solution of tea saponin as the extraction solvent, and it combines enzymatic and homogenate procedures to increase extraction efficiency. This study provides a reasonable basis for the application and research of synergistic extraction technology and suggests that more diverse solvent choices should be considered.

Progress in Research on Deep Learning-Based Crop Yield Prediction

In recent years, crop yield prediction has become a research hotspot in the field of agricultural science, playing a decisive role in the economic development of every country. Therefore, accurate and timely prediction of crop yields is of great significance for the national formulation of relevant economic policies and provides a reasonable basis for agricultural decision-making. The results obtained through prediction can selectively observe the impact of factors such as crop growth cycles, soil changes, and rainfall distribution on crop yields, which is crucial for predicting crop yields. Although traditional machine learning methods can obtain an estimated crop yield value and to some extent reflect the current growth status of crops, their prediction accuracy is relatively low, with significant deviations from actual yields, and they fail to achieve satisfactory results. To address these issues, after in-depth research on the development and current status of crop yield prediction, and a comparative analysis of the advantages and problems of domestic and foreign yield prediction algorithms, this paper summarizes the methods of crop yield prediction based on deep learning. This includes analyzing and summarizing existing major prediction models, analyzing prediction methods for different crops, and finally providing relevant views and suggestions on the future development direction of applying deep learning to crop yield prediction research.

CRISP: A cross-modal integration framework based on the surprisingly popular algorithm for multimodal named entity recognition

The multimodal named entity recognition task on social media involves recognizing named entities with textual and visual information, which is of great significance for information processing. Nevertheless, many existing models still face the following challenges. First, in the process of cross-modal interaction, the attention mechanism sometimes focuses on trivial parts in the images that are not relevant to entities, which not only neglects valuable information but also inevitably introduces visual noise. Second, the gate mechanism is widely used for filtering out visual information to reduce the influence of noise on text understanding. However, the gate mechanism neglects capturing fine-grained semantic relevance between modalities, which easily affects the filtration process. To address these issues, we propose a cross-modal integration framework based on the surprisingly popular algorithm, aiming at enhancing the integration of effective visual guidance and reducing the interference of irrelevant visual noise. Specifically, we design a dual-branch interaction module that includes the attention mechanism and the surprisingly popular algorithm, allowing the model to focus on valuable but overlooked parts in the images. Furthermore, we compute the matching degree between modalities at the multi-granularity level, using the Choquet integral to establish a more reasonable basis for filtering out visual noise. We have conducted extensive experiments on public datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate the advantages of our model.

Electoral Politics and Voting Behavior in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Comparative Analysis of ANP Vote Bank in 2008 and 2013

This paper endeavors to identify the level of difference in electoral politics of Awami National Party on account of vote bank received in general elections 2008 and 2013. The elections act as a bridge between political elites and common people, between polity and society, between individuals and state and democratic governance. The data collected for research with the objective is to compare the results of ANP in 2008 and 2013 general elections and were comparatively analyzed on the basis of certain reasons due to which ANP vote bank led towards downfall as compare to PTI in KP region. The unresolved socio-economic issues of common man, party mismanagement, politics of kinship and ethno-national feelings of ANP impacted the electoral results of the party inversely in 2013 election despite of political achievements post 2008 election and so voters opted for other options in elections of 2013.

Construction of a novel Z-scheme FeTiO3/MOF-derived In2S3 catalyst for visible-light-driven photo-Fenton degradation of pollutants

The rapid recombination rate of photoexcited carriers for iron titanate (FeTiO3) is still limited the process performance of photo-Fenton. This article reports the successful synthesis of the highly efficient Z-scheme FeTiO3/MOF-derived In2S3 photocatalyst using the hydrothermal method, compensating for the susceptibility of FeTiO3 photo-generated carriers to complexation to a certain extent. A series of characterization have been carried out to explore the structure, morphology and composition of FeTiO3/MOF-derived In2S3 heterostructure. The 0.5 FeTiO3/MOF-derived In2S3 exhibits the excellent photo-Fenton performance for TCH, Cr6+ and OTC, the degradation rate constants (k2) are up to 0.6297 L·mg−1·min−1, 1.332 L·mg−1·min−1, and 0.427 L·mg−1·min−1, respectively. Active species capture experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra show that photo-generated holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (·O2-) are present in the photo-Fenton system. The superior photo-Fenton performance is mainly manifested in the following: the MOF-derived In2S3 micro-floral carrier extends the reaction interface of 0.5 FM-I; FeTiO3 effectively enhances the photo-absorption ability of 0.5 FM-I in visible range; the construction of Z-scheme FeTiO3/MOF-derived In2S3, forming the new carriers transport channels and enhancing the generation of ·O2- and ·OH. This experimental exploration provided a reasonable experimental basis for the preparation of efficient photocatalysts.

Considerations on the basis of medical reasoning for the use in AI applications.

This study discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in medical reasoning and decision-making, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities associated with the massive consumption of data required for training AI systems, and contrasts this with the limited data typically available to medical practitioners. We advocate for a balanced approach that includes small data and emphasize the importance of maintaining the art of clinical reasoning amid technological advancements. Finally, we highlight the potential of multidisciplinary research in addressing the complexities of medical reasoning and suggest the necessity of careful abstraction and conceptual modeling in AI applications.

Ethical Causality and Rebirth in the Pātañjalayogaśāstra and Abhidharmakośabhāṣya: A Mirrored Argument

AbstractThis paper focuses on Sāṃkhya-Yoga and Buddhist Abhidharma ontologies and their engagement. A close reading of two hitherto uncompared passages from Pātañjalayogaśāstra 2.13 and Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośabhāṣya 4.94 suggests that they are intertextual or interdiscursive. A mirrored argument form in the texts explains ethical causality (karma) in relation to rebirth (punarjanman). The arguments in both texts are similar in form, sequence, and even conclusion, although not in terms of the doctrinal basis of reasoning. On first examination, both arguments analyse how action (karma) sustains patterns of moral repercussion across life and beyond death in terms of singular and plural causes and effects. But a close reading shows that the level of conceptual engagement on this issue is more nuanced – centred on ‘projecting’ and ‘completing’ mechanisms of karmic retribution (ākṣepaka karman and paripūraka karman) as well as determinate or indeterminate (niyata and aniyata) maturation of karmic effects. The paper suggests that the function of Patañjali’s passage was to serve as a structured engagement with Buddhist Sarvāstivāda karma theory.

Pursuit-worthy research in health: Three examples and a suggestion

This paper, in a nutshell, is a plea for community participation in research along with an adapted idea for how such participation should be shaped and understood. I will give varied examples of the ways in which scientists viewing a perceived problem solely from an external perspective has led to mistakes. If we do not properly take into account the knowledge and values of people with a condition, we are liable to pursue the wrong sorts of treatments. In particular, I provide examples of three ways (exemplified in the cases of “female hysteria”, autism, and chronic fatigue syndrome) scientists are liable to pursue treatment of what they perceive to be at least partially mental illnesses that they/we shouldn't. I present the idea of deliberative research—the concept is based on that of deliberative democracy. The idea of deliberative democracy is that decisions should be made on the basis of reasons that would be acceptable to the target population. I similarly argue that research decisions should be made on the basis of reasons that would be acceptable to the target population, even if it requires other experts to determine how those reasons are best to be respected in the context of a particular project.

Research on maintenance decision-making approach based on dynamic opportunistic window

We have developed a maintenance decision-making approach based on the dynamic opportunistic window, utilizing algorithms such as k-mean clustering, expected maximum, and parameter estimation to address the lack of a reasonable basis for the duration and divided number of opportunistic windows in current maintenance decision-making. Firstly, we have comprehensively summarized the multi-stage opportunistic maintenance decision-making approach, focusing on its current strengths and limitations. Secondly, the modeling concept of the dynamic opportunistic window is analyzed, and the underlying assumptions are established. Furthermore, it elaborates on the theoretical foundation of the proposed approach through a detailed modeling process. Finally, we validate the proposed model by conducting experiments on tandem components from the main combustion chamber in an aero engine. The experimental results demonstrate the significant value of the proposed approach in enhancing equipment reliability and optimizing maintenance support resources.

Parasitoid of Aphis gossypii, Binodoxys communis Gahan exhibits metabolic changes in symbiotic bacterial community upon exposure of insecticides

Insecticides play a crucial role in safeguarding crops from pest. However, prior to their release, it is essential to assess the efficacy and potential effects of these protectants. Flupyradifurone (FBF) and sulfoxaflor (SFX), two insecticides commonly used to control aphids, have been found to exert negative effects on the growth and development of Binodoxys communis Gahan, a beneficial parasitic wasp that targets aphids. However, it remains unknown if FBF and SFX influence the symbiotic bacteria residing within B. communis. In this study, 16SrRNA sequencing was utilized to assess the populations of B. communis symbionts exposed to sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of FBF and SFX. The control and treatment groups exhibited similar bacterial community structures, with Bacteroidota identified as the dominant phylum in each. After exposure to FBF and SFX, the diversity and richness of symbionts (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota) in B. communis changed notably. The two different insecticides and exposure durations exerted distinct effects on the microbial community. For instance, SFX stress resulted in a decrease in Akkermansia and an increase in Escherichia Shigella 1h after exposure, with both returning to baseline levels after 3d. In contrast, FBF exposure caused a reduction in Akkermansia presence after 1h, which persisted even after 3d. This study represents the first assessment of the effects of FBF and SFX exposure on symbiotic bacteria in B. communis, expanding our understanding of how insecticides influence natural enemies and their symbiotic bacterial relationships. This study provides theoretical guidance for field applications of FBF and SFX, as well as a reasonable basis for exploring chemical resistance conferred by symbiotic bacteria.

INKUBATOR KREATIF DESIMINASI AUGMENTED REALITY DOLANAN ANAK BERBASIS BUDAYA NUSANTARA

The LUKU community is a group of children located in Sarekan Hamlet RT 05, Plembutan, Canden, Jetis, Bantul. Luku itself stands for Put All and Read a 15-minute Book. The children collected in this community are in the age range from early childhood to junior high school. LUKU was formed on the basis of reasons during the COVID-19 pandemic and the home learning policy made children often focused on gadgets and lacked developmental stimulation according to their stage of development. Even though it is the age of these children that the stimulation of creativity is needed. The needs analysis in the LUKU community is that there is a need for developmental stimulation that hones creativity and is also connected to technology (because these children generally have gadgets, but have not been developed optimally according to children's creativity). Therefore, a service program was carried out to stimulate the creativity of the children of the Luku Community through traditional augmented reality-based games. Some of the stages that have been running include socialization, self-learning, and mentoring. The children and parents of the luku community participated in this activity very enthusiastically and always actively participated. Keywords: Creative Incubator, Traditional Games, Augmented Reality

A Logical Approach to Type Soundness

Type soundness, which asserts that “well-typed programs cannot go wrong”, is widely viewed as the canonical theorem one must prove to establish that a type system is doing its job. It is commonly proved using the so-called syntactic approach (aka progress and preservation ), which has had a huge impact on the study and teaching of programming language foundations. Unfortunately, syntactic type soundness is a rather weak theorem. It only applies to programs that are well-typed in their entirety, and thus tells us nothing about the many programs written in “safe” languages that make use of “unsafe” language features. Even worse, it tells us nothing about whether type systems achieve one of their main goals: enforcement of data abstraction. One can easily define a language that enjoys syntactic type soundness and yet fails to support even the most basic modular reasoning principles for abstraction mechanisms like closures, objects, and abstract data types. Given these concerns, we argue that programming languages researchers should no longer be satisfied with proving syntactic type soundness, and should instead start proving semantic type soundness , a more useful theorem which captures more accurately what type systems are actually good for. Semantic type soundness is an old idea—Milner’s original account of type soundness from 1978 was semantic—but it fell out of favor in the 1990s due to limitations and complexities of denotational models. In the succeeding decades, thanks to a series of technical advances—notably, step-indexed Kripke logical relations constructed over operational semantics, and higher-order concurrent separation logic as consolidated in the Iris framework in Coq—we can now build (machine-checked) semantic soundness proofs at a much higher level of abstraction than was previously possible. The resulting “logical” approach to semantic type soundness has already been employed to great effect in a number of recent papers, but those papers typically (a) concern advanced problem scenarios that complicate the presentation, (b) assume significant prior knowledge of the reader, and (c) suppress many details of the proofs. Here, we aim to provide a gentler, more pedagogically motivated introduction to logical type soundness, targeted at a broader audience that may or may not be familiar with logical relations and Iris. As a bonus, we also show how logical type soundness proofs can easily be generalized to establish an even stronger relational property— representation independence —for realistic type systems.

SIGNIFICANCE OF HYPOTHESIS IN LEGAL RESEARCH

Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the solution of the problem. Hypothesis offers a solution of the problem that is to be verified empirically and based on some rationale. Hypothesis guides the research process in a systematic way towards a achieving a desired goal. Certain important characteristics of an ideal hypothesis include being clear, specific, empirically testable and being related to a body of theory. It acts as a temporary solution and helps the researcher to start his investigation in an objective manner. Hypotheses can be of various types such as working, scientific, alternative, research, null or statistical hypothesis. A hypothesis can virtually relate to anything under the sun. Hence, a great caution and practical approach needs to be adopted while formulating a hypothesis. Two basic methods of hypothesis formulation are qualitative method and quantitative method. Formulation of hypothesis is very crucial to the solution of research problem because hypothesis helps in keeping the research of the researcher focused. It helps in narrowing the sample so that eventually the researcher is not left with useless data. If the hypothesis is ill-defined then it will become very difficult rather practically impossible for the researcher to have a reasonable basis for his research. A properly tested hypothesis helps to either verify a theory or deny it. It may also suggest some modifications in an existing theory. Although hypothesis do not generally challenge the well known laws of the nature or the well-established principles of science which have been proved beyond reasonable doubt yet hypothesis do at times help in formulating new theories.

Najmuddin Ath Thufi Mashlahah as Legal Reasoning for Judges' Decisions and Its Contribution to the Reform of Indonesian Islamic Family Law

This article explores the concept of Mashlahah Najmuddin Ath Thufi as a legal reasoning for judges' decisions. The concept of Mashlahah Najmuddin Ath Thufi can be a solution for judges in deciding cases in court. The judges are required to build legal reasoning, who do not have strong legal reasoning can produce decisions that are considered Onvoldoende Gemotiveerd, namely decisions that are insufficient judgment. The question to be answered in this article is how is the construction of Mashlahah according to Najmuddin Ath Thufi in the legal reasoning of judges' decisions? What is the contribution of Najmuddin Ath Thufi's Mashlahah to the renewal of Islamic family law in Indonesia? The method of analysis uses qualitative, while the approach is normative. Data sources are obtained from books, law journals, court decisions and dictates. The results show that, Najmuddin ath Thufi's Mashlahah theory bases the constellation of Mashlahah on the superiority of human reason, based on the interpretation of the Prophet's hadith which reads la dharar wala dhirar. Mashlahah Najmuddin Ath Thufi as the basis of Legal Reasoning for judges' decisions focuses on rechtsvinding (law discovery) and creating new laws (rechtsschepping). Judges because of their position (ambtshalve), are not just the mouth or mouthpiece of the law (bouche de la loi), but become translators or givers of meaning (interpreters). Najmuddin ath Thufi's Mashlahah theory contributes to the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia through court decisions.

Chinese medicine compound prescription HeQi San ameliorates chronic inflammatory states and modulates gut flora in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disease in women, with a prevalence of 5% to 18% worldwide. HeQi San (HQS) is a Chinese medicine compound prescription, which has been applied to treat various endocrine and metabolic diseases. ObjectiveThe study was intended to investigate the effect of HQS on PCOS, and clarify the potential mechanism via in vivo and in vitro experiments. MethodsThe PCOS mouse model was established by injecting the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) subcutaneously and fading high-fat diet for 3 weeks. After making model, PCOS mice were treated with HQS (8.75 g/kg and 17.5 g/kg, ig.) for 4 weeks. Firstly, we assessed the histopathological changes in ovary tissues and detected the hormone level. Subsequently, the study evaluated the capability of anti-inflammatory and regulating macrophage polarization of HQS in vivo and in vitro. The secretion of inflammation indicators was measured with Elisa kits, and the expression level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (P-NFκB) and B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7 (CD80) was measured by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells was detected via tunel staining and Western blot. The co-culture model in vitro was utilized to assess the effect between macrophage polarization and human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN cells) apoptosis. Furthermore, 16S rDNA sequencing was utilized to elevate gut microbiota change in PCOS mice. ResultsHQS reversed the abnormal hormone increase, ameliorated insulin resistance, and improved histopathological changes of the ovary tissue to exert the therapeutic effect. HQS inhibited the expression of P-NF-κB and decreased the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to further prohibit the macrophage M1 polarization in ovary tissues and macrophages. The apoptosis-positive cells, Bcl-2 Assaciated X protein (BAX), and cleaved-caspase 3 expression were also decreased in the treatment group. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) expression was enhanced after HQS treatment in vivo. The co-culture experiments also verified that HQS could prevent the apoptosis of KGN cells. Furthermore, HQS mediated the abundance of gut flora. The abundance of bifldobacterium and parasutterella was increased and the abundance of lachnoclostridium was decreased. ConclusionThe study verified that HQS has the effect of anti-inflammation and inhibits macrophage M1 polarization. Besides, HQS could mediate the abundance of gut microbiota in mice with PCOS. Thus, this study would provide more reasonable basis of HQS for clinical use. In conclusion, HQS might be a potential candidate for PCOS treatment.

THE CONTEMPORARY ADAPTATION OF “SGANARELLE OF MOLIÈRE AT KC MELTING POT BY NICOLE H. PERSLEY”

Sganarelle or The Imaginary Cocu is a comedy in verse in one act by Molière. It premiered on May 28, 1660 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon in Paris to great success. The premise is ridiculous, that's the point. And even more ridiculous than Molière's original plot is the idea that the producers and directors in the world of this play thought would be a reasonable basis for a reality show, and especially one featuring an all-black cast . By far the most engaging part of the piece is when the "actors" take a break from filming to discuss how absurd this is and how it reflects broader issues of systemic racism in television and film

A crowdsourcing framework for green urban parcel delivery: Utilizing private cars that will be in passing

The strong increase of urban parcel delivery creates significant pressure on delivery enterprises. Nowadays, delivery enterprises do not only reduce operating costs, but also undertake a social responsibility: to reduce environmental costs caused by carbon emissions. This paper investigates the crowdsourcing framework to deliver urban parcels greenly by utilizing private cars that will be in passing. The bonus incentive strategy is introduced to improve the delivery willingness of private car drivers. Aiming at minimizing the sum of environmental costs caused by carbon emissions and enterprise costs, we establish a mixed-integer programming (MIP). To solve the problem, a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) that combines adaptive large neighbourhood search (ALNS) and GA is proposed. The proposed approach is verified by standard instances. The results show that the green crowdsourcing framework with the participation of private cars will reduce the total costs. This approach has a great potential of reducing urban traffic growth and environmental pollution. Based on the real-word network in Dalian, the influences of the number of private cars, bonus incentive coefficient and time slack coefficient on the environmental costs and enterprise costs were investigated. Our research conclusion can provide a more reasonable decision-making basis of green urban parcel delivery for delivery enterprises.

Models of Possibilities Instead of Logic as the Basis of Human Reasoning

Models of Possibilities Instead of Logic as the Basis of Human Reasoning