Basis Of Process Parameters Research Articles

Design of FinFET based 128 bit SRAM in 7nm & Various Effects near Threshold Operation for Ultra Low Power Application.

With the existing technology and survey it indicates the increasing the number of transistors count and exploring methodologies leads to innovative design in memories. In general SRAM occupies considerable amount of area and less performance due to leakage power that limits the operation under sub threshold region. The power consumption of the circuit design is primarily depends on the switching activity of the transistor that leads to increasing of leakage current at near or subthreshold operation. Some of the challenges like PVT variations, SEU, SEE, and RDF lead to reduction in performance, increasing the power, BTI, sizing, delay and yield. The research work in this paper primarily describes the challenges with the technology and effects on CMOS & Finfet designs. The second aspect of the paper is to represents the design methodologies of CMOS & FinFET models and its operation. The third part of the paper explains design tradeoff of FinFET SRAM. Final sections present a comparison of high performance, low power at normal and near threshold operation. The Comparisons is made on the basis of process parameters and made a conclusion with circuit functionality, reliability under different technologies. FinFET based SRAM’s are the emerging memory trends by the performance under or near sub-threshold operation with the minimal variation in the leakage current, minimal gate delay is an alternate solution to the traditional CMOS memory designs as showed in the present work.

On the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation and optimization of biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil (WCO) using a low power, high frequency ultrasonic reactor

In this study, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental approaches were applied to evaluate and optimize the performance of a low-energy consumption, high frequency piezoelectric ultrasonic reactor used to synthesize biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). The effects of various process parameters viz. methanol/oil molar ratio (X), transesterification temperature (T), and residence time (t) on the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental variables were comprehensively assessed and discussed. The exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental variables were cost and environmental impact per unit of exergy for the product, relative cost and environmental impact differences, cost and environmental impact associated with exergy destruction, and exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental factors. An optimization study was also carried out using a coupled scheme of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Two more relevant exergy-based variables, i.e., cost and environmental per unit of exergy for the product as objective functions were modeled using the ANFIS approach on the basis of process parameters. The process yield as a threshold function was similarly simulated using the ANFIS approach. The optimum operating conditions of the system were then explored by NSGA-II algorithm through minimizing both objective functions while complying with the ASTM standard on process yield (i.e., conversion efficiency >96.5%). Overall, the process parameters profoundly affected the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental variables. Results indicated that the ANFIS approach accurately predicted the objective and threshold functions with an R2 > 0.99. The optimum operating conditions were: X = 7.4, T = 60 °C, and t = 10 min. Under these conditions, the cost and environmental impact per unit of exergy for the product were respectively found to be 2.23 USD/GJ and 1.32 mPts/GJ, whereas the process yield stood at 96.5% meeting the ASTM standard. In general, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental approaches appeared to be promising complements to the conventional exergy analysis for developing thermodynamically, economically, and environmentally conscious biodiesel production systems.

A Brief Review on injection moulding manufacturing process

The term quality has become a “catch all” term used in describing the various characteristics of an object. It is nearly impossible to define the term consistency. The quality is any particular or specific characteristics of a product development design object that contains or relates information about the object. This is primarily a chunk of geometry distinguished by its ability to perform a function with one or more other. In this primary processing conditions are studied from concept development to manufacturing of the product. Effect of different factors studied on the basis of processing parameters. Since quality and productivity are the two important contradictory objectives in any machining process. Some extent of quality has to be compromised while assurance giving for high productivity. Similarly productivity will be decreased while the efforts are channelized to enhance quality. To ensure high quality and productivity, it is necessary to optimize machining parameters. Various responses of quality of injection moulding process has been studied on the basis of performance parameters and methods. This paper aims to present plastic injection moulding process conditions. The processing conditions satisfied quality based product manufacturing.

Cutting force and tool wear of single diamond-coated bead

The aim of this study is to optimize stone materials cutting by diamond wire cutter. Attention is focused on the study of the cutting process through sintered diamond-encrusted beads used to work granite. This study is aimed at understanding the interaction between the bead and the material; in detail, experimental equipment was designed to test individual diamond-coated beads, and it was installed on a numerical-control work center. This equipment made it possible to test an individual bead and, in particular, to determine its cutting power and its main force components on the basis of various process parameters, such as cutting velocity (V t) and feed velocity (V a). The test runs also made it possible to determine wear on each bead on the basis of process parameters. This is a necessary first step to be able, in the future, to optimize the tool and the cutting process.

The Link Between Plasticity Parameters and Process Parameters in Orthogonal Cutting

In the present study the plasticity parameters in the Johnson Cook plasticity model are determined on the basis of process parameters in orthogonal cutting by use of inverse analysis. Previously established links between material parameters and process parameters in the cutting process such as chip thickness ratio, cutting forces, temperatures, deformation zones, is used serve as a starting point in the inverse analysis. The material AISI 4140 is simulated using the model employed in [1], the Johnson Cook parameters being changed within an interval of ±30%. The inverse analysis is performed using a Kalman filter. The material model for the reference point is validated on the basis of the experimental results in [1], the model being shown to predict the process parameters with a high level of accuracy. The attempt is made to establish a link for materials having cutting process characteristics that are similar between certain process parameters and the Johnson Cook parameters in order to be able to predict the input parameters to FEM models using experimental data from a cutting process

Electro‐membrane reactor for the conversion of lysine monohydrochloride to lysine by in situ ion substitution and separation

AbstractBACKGROUND: Commercially lysine (Lys) is produced as lysine monohydrochloride (LysCl). The presence of chloride ion (Cl−) in Lys makes it unfit for use in pharmaceutical and livestock feed industries. Various separation methods are required to achieve Lys from fermentation broths. This paper describes an electro‐membrane reactor with three compartments (EMR‐3) for the conversion of LysCl into Lys by in situ ion substitution and separation.RESULTS: The conversion of LysCl into Lys in EMR‐3 is achieved by in situ ion substitution and separation using organic‐inorganic hybrid anion‐exchange membrane (AEM). It is found that the rate of Lys formation is dependent on applied current densities and LysCl concentration. The 96.2% Lys is recovered and low energy (2.07 kWh kg−1) is consumed during the conversion of 0.10 mol L−1 LysCl in EMR‐3 at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, high current efficiency (93.02%) is achieved under the similar experimental conditions.CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of process parameters (high Lys recovery and CE and low W), it is concluded that the developed electro‐membrane reactor can be efficiently applied for the conversion of LysCl into Lys in an economically viable manner. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Experiments with a Low-Cost Hot Isothermal Pressing Machine Developed for Superplastic Forming

Hot isothermal/isostatic pressing machines are technically good candidates for superplastic forming (SPF) of otherwise hard-to-shape materials such as superalloys. These machines are, however, very expensive so that small or medium-size enterprises can not afford them. This has impeded widespread use of SPF processing. In an attempt to alleviate the problem, the authors have developed a laboratory model of an affordable hot isothermal pressing machine with differential gas pressure as the forming medium. Careful selection of process parameters such as temperature, gas pressure, strain rate, and process time as well as monitoring of thickness changes in a workpiece has a pivotal role in successful operation of such machine. It has been illustrated in this article that SPF can be successfully performed with this machine on the basis of process parameters estimated with existing analytical relations. The performance of this machine has been verified by several experiments on SPF of titanium-based sheets, as reported in this article.