Basis Of Geographic Information System Research Articles

Exploring the impact of urban factors on land surface temperature and outdoor air temperature: A case study in Seoul, Korea

Land surface temperature (LST) and outdoor air temperature (OAT) have been widely used to investigate urban heat island (UHI) phenomena. Although LST and OAT were reported to show a substantial correlation, whether urban factors play a consistent role in both LST and OAT has not been well addressed in the existing literature. To fill this gap, this study examined the effects of urban factors on both LST derived from satellite image data and OAT measured at the pedestrian-level through a case study in Seoul, Korea. Two different temperature datasets were used for the same days in summer and winter, and corresponding urban spatial characteristics were calculated on the basis of geographic information system (GIS) data. The effects of urban variables were analyzed using the Genizi and partial correlation methods. The results from the Genizi method revealed that land use characteristics (i.e., building coverage and pervious ratios) were important factors influencing LST, whereas urban morphological characteristics (i.e., building height) had a greater influence on OAT. The partial correlation results confirmed these separate sets of urban factors above are key factors for LST and OAT. In addition, the partial correlation analysis demonstrated that the pervious ratio showed a negative correlation with LST and the building height consistently showed a significant influence on OAT in both seasons. In contrast, the canyon ratio showed a contrasting effect on OAT depending on the season, underscoring that urban factors can affect temperatures differently depending on the meteorological conditions. This study highlights the different effects of urban factors depending on temperatures.

An Example of the Analysis of Accessibility to Educational Institutions on the Basis of Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Altıeylül (Balıkesir)

Eğitim, genel bir ifade ile “bireyde istendik yönde davranış kazandırma süreci” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnsan davranışlarının şekillendirilmesinde informal/formal eğitimin önemi büyüktür. Formal eğitimin önemli hedeflerden biri de fırsat eşitliğidir. Eğitimdeki fırsat eşitliğinin sağlanmasındaki kriterlerden bir de eğitim kurumlarına erişebilirliktir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Balıkesir ilinin merkez ilçelerinden biri olan Altıeylül’deki devlet okullarına erişilebilirlik ele alınmıştır. İlgili okullara erişilebilirliğin yanında derslik, öğrenci ve öğretmen sayıları da Türkiye ortalamaları ile karşılaştırılıp yorumlanmıştır. Eğitim kurumlarına erişilebilirlik 29030 sayılı “Yürüme mesafeleri” başlıklı yönetmelikteki mesafeler baz alınarak bir coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yazılımı olan ArcGIS programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre eğitim kurumlarına erişim noktasında en problemli eğitim kademesinin anaokulları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Okullara erişimin eğitim kademesi yükseldikçe azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre araştırma sahasındaki yapıların/nüfusun okullara erişim oranları; anaokulunda %26; ilkokulda %45,3; ortaokulda %84; ortaöğretimde %99,2’dir. Her ne kadar anaokulu ve ilkokul dışındaki diğer eğitim kademelerinde erişim sıkıntısı görülmese de hızlı nüfus atışı ve şehirleşmeye bağlı olarak ilerleyen yıllarda diğer eğitim kademelerine erişim problemi oluşabilir/artabilir. Nüfusun ve yapıların okullara erişilebilirliği noktasında yaşanan/yaşanacak birtakım problemlerinin minimize edilebilmesi için öncelikle erişim sıkıntısı olan mahallere eğitim kurumu inşa edilmeli, daha sonrasında ise şehirsel gelişimin gerçekleşeceği alanlar planlanarak ilgili mevzuattaki mesafeler göz önünde bulundurularak harekete geçilmelidir.

Multilevel urban geographic information system models for overground and underground design

The urban geographic information system includes a wide range of different types of complex data collected from various sources. Objects described vary from industrial to ecological as city itself being tied to environment also affects nature. Preventing pollution and other emergency situations caused by industrial and human activity in general is both topical and burning that is widely recognized so there is need for a comprehensive study of the possibilities to develop geographic information system in order to increase efficiency of city design. The purpose of the article is to develop urban geographic information system that provides a solution to the problem and also helps to reduce city planning costs as a system representing city on different levels and obtaining all the necessary information in one source. Urban geographic information system developed with the latest digital technologies allows to make city planning more flexible to technical, economical, social and other changes. Three-dimensional visualization is one of the up-to-date ways to expand geographic information system functionality and this paper gives information of the subject area: research on nowadays data models and data processing methods was conducted. And on this basis urban geographic information system extended data model including underground infrastructure level was offered and possible approaches to increase efficiency of data processing in it were formed. The three-dimensional model provides a solution for complex underground and overground design with digital technologies on a basis of geographic information system that includes multilevel data organization.

Development of Nationwide Road Quality Map: Remote Sensing Meets Field Sensing.

In this study, we measured the in situ international roughness index (IRI) for first-degree roads spanning more than 1300 km in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, using a quarter car (QC). Since road quality mapping with in situ measurements is a costly and time-consuming task, we also developed new equations for constructing a road quality proxy map (RQPM) using discriminant analysis and multispectral information from high-resolution Sentinel-2 images, which we calibrated using the in situ data on the basis of geographic information system (GIS) data. The developed equations using optimum index factor (OIF) and norm R provide a valuable tool for creating proxy maps and mitigating hazards at the network scale, not only for primary roads but also for secondary roads, and for reducing the costs of road quality monitoring. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the norm R equation for road classification in East Azerbaijan province are 65.0% and 0.59, respectively.

Spatial autocorrelation and its application in public health field

The prevalence and distribution of infectious diseases and occupational diseases in specific time and space is the result of the interaction between natural environment, social economy and other factors, its distribution pattern has spatial properties. Based on the assumption of independence, the traditional statistical methods ignore the spatial attributes of diseases and cannot analyze the spatial characteristics of diseases. On the basis of geographic information system, the spatial autocorrelation analysis can simultaneously analyze the spatial relationship and attribute value of diseases, explore the spatial dependence of disease data in different spatial units, and provide decision-making basis for the prediction and early warning of diseases such as occupational and infectious diseases, and the formulation and evaluation of prevention and control measures.

Multi-scale soil-landscape maps as the basis of geographic information systems for soil melioration

The necessity of creating multi-scale soil-landscape maps for making scientifically based decisions on soil melioration at all levels is substantiated. Multi-scale soil-landscape maps are called a system of interrelated maps of all scale ranges, obtaining automatically from expert integral polygonal layers, having a single classification basis, containing integrated information about soils and landscapes and displaying soils not only as independent natural bodies (that is, systems) but also as derived elements of landscape systems. The ways of integrating heterogeneous information about soils and landscapes contained in cartographic and textual sources are named. The concept of “global data integration” is revealed and the importance of its implementation in relation to the soil and landscapes is emphasized. The advantages of multi-scale soil-landscape maps are shown in comparison with traditional and modern digital soil maps, which are due to the use of the genetic hierarchical Soil-Landscape Classification System as the classification basis.

Evaluation and spatial distribution characteristics of freeze-thaw erosion intensity in the Yalu Tsangpo River basin on the basis of geographic information system

Freeze-thaw erosion is one of the main ways of soil erosion in three major erosion types, which are related to the development of regional economy and the protection of ecological environment. Therefore, its research is particularly important. This paper uses the Yalu Tsangpo River basin as the research area. The range of the freeze-thaw erosion area in the Yalu Tsangpo River basin was defined by using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model (STRM-DEM) data. Six factors, namely, annual temperature difference, annual precipitation, slope, aspect, vegetation coverage, and elevation, were selected as the evaluation indexes of the intensity of freeze-thaw erosion. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each factor. A comprehensive evaluation index model was employed to obtain the range of freeze-thaw erosion intensity. The natural breaks method in ArcGIS was applied to grade the result. The classification chart of the freeze-thaw erosion intensity of the Yalu Tsangpo River basin was drawn to show the distribution of freeze-thaw erosion. Results showed that (1) the total area of freeze-thaw erosion in the Yalu Tsangpo River basin is 229,231.80 km2, which accounts for 93.5% of the total area of the Yalu Tsangpo River basin, with mild erosion and moderate erosion. (2) The distribution of freeze-thaw erosion intensity in spatial pattern is obvious; from west to east, the intensity of freeze-thaw erosion increases gradually. Severe erosion is mainly concentrated in the northeast and northern regions of the Yalu Tsangpo River basin. (3) The areas of freeze-thaw erosion are mainly distributed in the temperature zone with the annual temperature range of ≥40 °C, accounting for 86.4% of the total freeze-thaw erosion area. The freeze-thaw erosion area is mainly distributed in the slope ≥15° slope zone, which accounts for 62% of the total freeze-thaw erosion area, and has a severe effect on moderate erosion and severe erosion in this slope zone. Freeze-thaw erosion areas are mainly concentrated in vegetation belts with vegetation coverage less than 20%, accounting for 63.8% of the total freeze-thaw erosion area. With the increase in vegetation coverage, the proportion of freeze-thaw erosion area decreased. The freeze-thaw erosion area was mainly concentrated on the altitude zone of ≥4000 m, which accounted for 84.3% of the total freeze-thaw erosion area. Thus, the freeze-thaw erosion area increased with altitude.

Lift Cycle-Based Decision Support Solution Plan for Pipeline Integrity Management

1. Abstract With the development of industrial big data, the Internet of things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, the pipeline operation management mode has changed and thus shows a gradual development from the digital pipeline toward the intelligent pipeline. The construction of a decision support technology platform can effectively solve the issue of data accumulation, the problems of various currently used systems, and the separation between data acquisition and application. This is necessary to achieve safe, efficient, and sustainable development of oil and gas pipelines. This paper comprehensively analyzes the construction of digital pipeline in both domestic and foreign pipeline businesses as well as the situation of data acquisition and utilization. Furthermore, the characteristics and difficulties in the development of decision support technology and establishment of data standards and databases of the life cycle data of pipelines are discussed. The integrity management decision support architecture infrastructure for the life cycle of pipelines was proposed, including construction period control, operation period control, and decision support. The paper introduces an integrity decision support platform for pipelines on the basis of Geographic Information System (GIS), and constructs an integrity management decision support platform combining pipeline construction, operation, and maintenance. This platform can be applied to 1) data acquisition during the construction period, the visual management of the construction quality, and the handover of the digital database; 2) online data acquisition in the operation period of the pipeline, high consequence area, management and risk assessment, integrity assessment, corrosion protection potential control, risk control in regional upgrading areas, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) inspection; 3) decision support for the integrity management of the pipeline, such as big data modeling, emergency decision support, risk identification for big data of welding seams, disaster monitoring, early-warning on the basis of Internet of Things (IOT), real-time monitoring of pipeline leakage, training for maintaining remote equipment, visual inspection for remote faults and hidden problems, and mobile applications. <span style=font-size:11.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family: times= new= roman,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:= calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:= en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=>Keywords: <span style=font-size:10.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family: times= new= roman,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:= calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:= en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=> <span style=font-size:10.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family: times= new= roman,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:= calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:= en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=>Database; Decision Support; GIS Platform; Life Cycle; Pipeline Integrity Management

A Spatial Analysis Approach for Evaluating the Service Capability of Urban Greenways—A Case Study in Wuhan

A greenway is a low-speed road system built on high-level afforestation, and this system serves as a venue for sightseeing, relaxation, and exercise. In China, greenway planning and construction have been actively and successfully implemented to strengthen the construction of urban human settlements. However, a specific method has yet to be used to assess the service capability of urban greenways. On the basis of geographic information systems and geographical spatial data, we propose an approach to evaluate the overall service capability of urban greenways based on three different aspects. In the first aspect, a buffer-based service-level analysis method is applied to statistically analyze population and residential quarter areas within a greenway service coverage area. This aspect can also indicate the service level and scope of urban greenways. In the second aspect, minimum distance-based accessibility analysis method is utilized for the graduation statistics of residential quarter areas in different ranges of reach distance. This aspect can further reveal the service convenience of urban greenways. In the third aspect, a calculation model is built on the basis of regular grids, to analyze the value of comprehensive service capability in each grid, and to produce a spatial distribution map of the comprehensive service capability of urban greenways. This aspect can describe the service quality of urban greenways. The analysis results of these aspects can be integrated to identify service conditions in which an urban greenway is available to urban populations and residential zones, and to obtain the comprehensive service capability value of greenways. This approach can also emphasize the limitations of greenway construction, and thus help urban planners and decision-makers create optimized urban greenway designs.

Simulation modeling of the spread of harmful emissions into the atmosphere on the basis of geographic information system (GIS) of monitoring environmental condition of a megalopolis

Abstract In this paper, a methodology of geoinformation approach to mapping of atmospheric pollution of the air basin of Almaty city is developed. The proposed method of presenting data on pollution in form of an algorithm allows building a map of contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere closest to the actually observed one. Designed object-oriented method of presentation of environmental pollution in the form of dynamic GIS models can be used when modeling the ecological status of any area, megalopolis, i.e. where spatial data, distributed in time, is used.

Principles of life quality monitoring based on agent-oriented models

This article presents results of a study on agent-based models, which are employed to simulate socioeconomic systems using supercomputer technologies and geographic information systems. Foreign and domestic experience on controlling the development of socioeconomic space as a socioeconomic system is generalized. By reviewing international experience in assessing the performance of management systems, including control of socioeconomic systems, the content of the notions agent-based models and geographic information systems and their actors and subjects are analyzed. By the example of agent-based models, developed with the participation of the authors of this article, the characteristic features of their implementation are specified on the basis of geographic information systems.

Environmental assessment of perspective of rail travel transportation organization in zakarpattya region

Results of the research of perspective of rail travel transportation organization in Zakarpattya region from a position of influence on potential environmental objects in the sphere of influence of railway infrastructure are given in the article. On the basis of geographic information systems and database management systems it is developed information analytical decision support system to ensure a high environmental level of tourist traffic against a background of economic profitability – «SAER»

Decomposition Algorithm for Geographic Information System Based Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Models: Application to Sewage Sludge Amendment

We present a decomposition strategy for mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models that are formulated on the basis of geographic information system (GIS) data. Our algorithm relies on decomposing the MILP into two levels, a master problem and a slave problem between which we iterate until a termination criterion is satisfied. The former is constructed using a K-clustering statistical aggregation method that reduces the computational burden of the model. The solution of this level is used to guide the search in the slave model. A case study that addresses the optimal design of sewage sludge amendment in Catalonia (NE of Spain) is introduced to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.

Design and implementation of variable fertilization formula system for dispersive farmer

Farmers manage the cropland in a decentralized manner at present in China,and usually fertilization could not be applied rationally and scientifically.This paper presented a variable fertilization system for dispersive farmer,which was designed on the basis of Geographic Information System(GIS).The system referred a relational database SQL Server 2008 as a built-in database,in order to store,inquire and update kinds of information,such as the variability of soil,the crop yields over the years,and the fertilization formulas.The statistical analysis of the soil attribute can be realized by spatial interpolation,the conversion from raster to vector,data fusion,and overlay analysis in the system.And a fertilization formula for a cropland can be generated automatically by invoking the yield model and the fertilization model.Furthermore,the fertilization formula can be delivered to SMC6480 to match the fertilizer scientifically.The experimental results indicate that the system is stable and reliable,and all the modules ran well.

Study of Hydrological Simulation on the Basis of Digitized Basin

On the basis of geographic information systems, indices of basin terrains and some other characteristics were extracted. Drainage networks were created by different mesh sizes of digital elevation model (DEM) in the basin with different kinds of terrain. These drainage networks were analyzed and the indices of the length and slope of the flow routine were derived. According to the basic principle and the mechanism of rainfall-runoff production, the definition and physical meaning of the parameters of the Xinanjiang hydrological model, relevant relationships between several sensitive parameters, and the indices were studied. The relationships were adopted to determine the parameters and the influence was studied with different kinds of mesh sizes of DEM in the basins with different terrains. In this way, the model parameters studied derived from the relationships can be used in an ungauged basin. The results extracted in this paper can then be adopted as the theoretical foundation for the study of the digital hydrological model.

Development of detection survey of pests and diseases on the basis of geographic information system

Development of detection survey of pests and diseases on the basis of geographic information system

Nitrate in nature: product of soil cover

Data about nitrogen mineralization and nitrification processes were collected from nine different soil-ecological sites The plots were fertilized with NPK and with PK fertilizers. Models of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification processes have been derived from the results. The maps of nitrogen mineralization processes (1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000) were created with the help of models and on the basis of Geographical Information System about Soils of Slovakia. Higher intensities of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification processes were found in more productive soils in comparison with less productive soils. Nitrogen fertilizers have a stimulating effect on nitrification processes, mainly in more fertile soils. About 160 kg mineral nitrogen is produced in agricultural soils of Slovakia (on average) and about 45–50 kg nitrate nitrogen from that during the vegetation period (non-N-fertilized soils). When nitrogen fertilizers were applied the nitrogen transformations are much more intensive (mainly in more fertile soils).