Basis Of Clinical Examination Research Articles

Jaws of knowledge: an analysis of temporomandibular joint insights in dental training-a quasi-experiment study.

To access the knowledge of undergraduate and postgraduate students of the dental college on basic anatomy, physiology, clinical examination, and pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A total of 610 undergraduate and postgraduate students of dental college, were included in this study. The questionnaire was pretested for validation and distributed online through Google forms. A pairwise comparison showed that the percentage of correct answers for interns significantly differed from that of IV Bachelor of Dental Surgery (P=0.050) and postgraduate students (P=0.048) (below average: up to 6 correct answers, good: 7-11 correct answers, excellent: 12 or more correct answers). TMJ diseases are common in daily life but frequently go undiagnosed and untreated due to a lack of clinical expertise. This demonstrates the necessity of providing instructions that give students in-depth knowledge and abilities for TMJ issues in clinical practice.

Exploration of Teaching Styles in a Digestive System Integration Course

Purpose: To explore the innovation of teaching methods in digestive system courses and its application effect in the context of curriculum integration. Methods: 60 undergraduate majors of digestive system diseases in the class of 2023 (orientation) of our hospital were divided into 30 students each in the general class and the experimental class using the random grouping method. The general class adopted the case-based learning (CBL) teaching mode, and the experimental class adopted the integrated course mode of CBL + “organ-systems-based curriculum” (OSBC). The teaching effects of the two classes were compared through basic theory and clinical five-station examination. Results: The differences in the basic theory scores and excellence rates of the students in the experimental class were significant (P < 0.05); the clinical 5-station examination suggested that there was no statistical significance in the physical examination of the two classes (P > 0.05); and the differences in the scores of the clinical questioning, case writing, auxiliary examination, and oral examination of the two classes were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The teaching method based on CBL + OSBC integrated course is effective in the teaching reform of the digestive system course and has popularization value.

STATE OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN EDUCATIONAL AND REHABILITATION CENTERS

Assessment of periodontal tissues state in children from educational and rehabilitation centers aimed at further monitoring and development of therapeutic and preventive measures is an urgent task of modern dentistry.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the periodontal tissues state in children from educational and rehabilitation centers (ERC).
 Research material and methods: 182 children aged 7 to 15 from communal institutions of the Lviv Re-
 gional Council (CI LRC) and 165 children of the same age from the secondary schools (comparison group) have been examined. The periodontal tissues state was assessed on the basis of clinical examination, the Schiller-Pysarev’s test and the Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar index (PMA) (Parma, 1960).
 Research results and their discussion: It was established that chronic catarrhal gingivitis was found in the average of 71,68±4,25% of children aged 7-15 years from the ERC, which is significantly higher than the children of the comparison group – 46,75±3,51% (р<0,001). With age, the prevalence of CCG increases and in the age group of 10-12 years, accounting on average for 81,53±7,28%, which is by 1,7 times higher than in children of the comparison group (р<0,001). In children aged 13-15 years, the frequency of CCG is by 1,4 times higher than that in children of the comparison group and by 1,2 times higher than that of children aged 7-9 years.
 The analysis of the results shows that in all age groups, the children from the ERC have a mild degree of CCG and, on average, accounted for 57,83±7,28%, which is by 1,4 times lower that in the comparison group (79,76±3,79%), and the average degree of CCG is much higher – 37,89±3,68%, respectively, in children of the comparison group (18,79±3,45% (р1<0,001, р2<0,001)). The significant prevalence of a severe degree of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children of 7-9 years old from ERC (8,33±3,25%) is revealed.
 Therefore, the findings of the study indicate a significant prevalence of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues of children from ERC, which must be taken into account in providing of dental care for children who are in such institutions, and should be actively implemented in treatment and prophylaxis measures to prevent the further development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues.

Using 6-CIT, P300 encephalography, and pro-inflammation assessments for screening age-related cognitive decline and exploring associated risk factors in Egyptian elderly

BackgroundThe elderly population is suffering from many mental health problems that are aggravated as a matter of age and cognitive decline is a serious one of them. The aim of the present work is to screen the cognitive performance among a sample of Egyptian elderly volunteers and to investigate the associated risk factors.ResultsA sample of 88 elderly volunteers from both genders was enrolled in the study according to the specified eligibility criteria after signing the approval consent. Medical history and socio-demographic data were collected from all participants in addition to basic clinical examination. Cognitive performance was assessed using the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) while the endogenous event-related potentials (ERP) was measured using P300. The inflammatory biomarkers; TNF-α and COX-2 levels were assessed in serum using ELISA technique in addition to gene expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and CD-36 exploration using qRT-PCR. About half (51%) of the sample under investigation showed cognitive problems with scores on the 6-CIT exceeding the normal level. TNF-α serum levels showed positive correlation with P300 latency and correlated negatively with P300 reaction time. Furthermore, serum COX-2 levels correlated positively with P300 reaction time and negatively with P300 amplitude.ConclusionThe study population is showing early signs of cognitive decline that invites attention to the importance of spreading preventive measures against further deterioration. Inflammatory biomarkers under investigation and 6-CIT are suggested to be used in prediction of early stages of cognitive decline among the elderly population.

Revisiting pemphigus vulgaris: A case report and review of literature

Introduction: Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering mucocutaneous disease. Production of auto-antibodies against desmosomal glycoproteins is a characteristic feature of the disease. Oral lesions of pemphigus vulgaris are many a times first sign of the disease and hence it is important for a dentist to be familiar with the clinical appearance, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Case Report: This report describes a case of pemphigus vulgaris in a female patient who presented with ulcers on the gingiva. On the basis of clinical examination and histopathology, we arrived at a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Conclusion: If left undiagnosed or untreated pemphigus vulgaris may be fatal. Early diagnosis will aid in appropriate treatment and better outcome of the disease.

PANCHAKARMA THERAPY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MANJISTADHI KSHARA BASTI IN “1A-3N KALA-BASTI PATTERN” IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT): A CASE STUDY

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common vascular disease, after ischemic heart disease (IHD) and Stroke and it is a silent killer. It affects approximately 0.1% of total population per year. Various treatment mo-dalities and drugs of Western medicine such as Surgical interventions, Urokinase, Streptokinase or Tissue plas-minogen activators to dissolve the blood clots have their own limitations and side effects apart from being ex-pensive. The present case study deals with a 39-year-old male, cab driver by profession, who is used to long distance travel in car on daily basis and is obese in built, habituated to smoking 4-5 cigarettes a day, since 10-12 yrs., gradually developed pain and swelling of Right lower limb since 2months. On evaluation, Doppler Ultra-sonography of Right lower limb revealed Deep vein thrombosis of Right femoral vein (Upper and mid 1/3rd) & long Sephanous vein (proximal 1/3rd). In Ayurveda, based on the Clinical picture and signs and symptoms, the condition can be correlated to “Kapha-Medavrutha Vataraktha”. This case study is about management of DVT with multi-modality treatment in the form of Panchakarma procedures such as Jaloukavacharana, Kashaya dhara, Alepana, Udwartana, Manjistadhi Kshara vasti along with oral medications. Treatment has shown re-markable result especially in reduction of symptoms such as swelling, pain and heaviness. Assessment was done on the basis of clinical examination, signs and symptoms before and after the treatment.

Phenotypic characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children: a single-center, retrospective study.

To analyze the clinical characteristics and follow-up data of children with different clinical phenotypes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The basic demographic and clinical features, laboratory and imaging examination results, and follow-up data of 74 Chinese children with different phenotypes of MOGAD were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The male-to-female ratio in this cohort was 1:1.39. The clinical phenotypes of MOGAD included acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; n = 37), encephalitis (n = 11), optic neuritis (ON, n = 9), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD; n = 9), transverse myelitis (TM; n = 6), leukodystrophy-like manifestations (n = 1), and meningitis (n = 1). The mean age of disease onset was 86 months. The number of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ADEM was significantly higher than that in patients with ON but lower than that in patients with TM (p < 0.05). The pathogen detection rate among all patients was 36.5%. Recurrence occurred in 17 patients (23%), with the highest recurrence rate in patients with NMOSD and TM. Patients with recurrence had a significantly higher median age than those without any recurrence (109.00 vs. 82.44 months, p < 0.05). The male-to-female ratio in patients with recurrence was 1:4.67, which differed significantly from that at first onset (p < 0.05). The most common clinical phenotypes of MOGAD in this cohort were ADEM and encephalitis. Recurrence of MOGAD may be related to age and sex, with a higher recurrence rate observed in females. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of the characteristics of different MOGAD phenotypes.

Sonographic Measurement of The Splenic Length in Adults and its Correlation with Different Parameters

Introduction: Splenic length is an important parameter for many splenic pathologies. Ultrasonography has been an efficient tool for the measurement of different splenic parameters including the splenic length. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the splenic length in healthy adults without any hematological, oncologic or traumatic condition and to correlate it with age, sex, height, weight, body surface area of the body.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 360 healthy subjects were included in this study conducted for a period of 6 months. Informed written consent and ethical approval were taken. A detailed clinical history of all the patients were taken. Basic investigations, clinical and ultrasonography examination were performed. Then the data collected was analyzed by MS Excel and SPSS 25 program.&#x0D; Results: The study included 360 participants (180 male &amp; 180 female) with mean age of the 40.39 ±11.51 years. The mean splenic length was found to be 9.11±1.16 cm. There was significant correlation of splenic length with age, weight, height and body surface area. The splenic length was higher in male compared to female ineach age group.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study aimed to establish the normal range of spleen length and to examine its correlation with body height, weight, and surface area in male and female subjects. The researchers found that spleen length decreases with age in both sexes. Additionally, spleen length increases with body height, weight, and body surface area. Female spleen length is less than male spleen length for corresponding ages.

Impact of Current Technology in Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: 20 Years of Experience in the Treatment of 254 Consecutive Clinical Cases

Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA), which avoids large abdomen incisions, is considered the gold standard technique for the treatment of benign small- and medium-size adrenal masses (&lt;6 cm) and weighing &lt; 100 g. A trascurable mortality and morbidity rate, short hospitalization and patient rapid recovery are the main advantages compared to traditional surgery. During the past decade, a new surgical technology has been developed that expedites a “clipless” adrenalectomy. Here, the authors analyze a clinical series of 254 consecutive patients who were affected by adrenal gland neoplasms and underwent LA by the transabdominal lateral approach over the two last decades. A literature review is also presented. Methods: Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data from 254 patients who underwent LA between January 2003 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected and reviewed. Diagnosis was obtained on the basis of clinical examination, laboratory values and imaging techniques. Doxazosin was preoperatively administered in the case of pheochromocytoma (PCC) while spironolactone and potassium were employed to treat Conn’s disease. The same surgeon (CG) performed all the LA and utilized the same laparoscopic transabdominal lateral approach. Different dissection tools—ultrasonic, bipolar or mixed scissors—and hemostatic agents were used during this period. The following results were obtained: 254 patients were included in the study; functioning tumors were diagnosed in 155 patients, 52 patients were affected by PCCs, 55 by Conn’s disease, 48 by Cushing’s disease. Surgery mean operative time was 137.33 min (range 100–180 min) during the learning curve adrenalectomies and 98.5 min (range 70–180) in subsequent procedures. Mean blood loss was respectively 160.2 mL (range 60–280) and 96.98 mL (range 50–280) in the first 30 procedures and the subsequent ones. Only three conversions (1.18%) to open surgery occurred. No mortality or postoperative major complications were observed, while minor complications occurred in 19 patients (3.54%). In 153 out of 155 functioning neoplasms, LA was effective in the normalization of the endocrine profile. According to our experience, a learning curve consisting of 30 cases was identified. In fact, a lower operative time and a lower complication rate was reported following 30 LA. Conclusions: LA is a safe procedure, even for masses larger than 6 cm and PCCs. Undoubtedly, the development of surgical technology has made it possible reducing operative times, performing a “clipless” adrenalectomy and extending the indications in the treatment of more complex patients. A multidisciplinary team, in referral high-volume centers, is recommended in the management of adrenal pathology. A 30-procedure learning curve is necessary to improve surgical outcomes.

ORGAN-PRESERVING MICROSURGERY FOR PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND

Of the total number of salivary gland tumors, the parotid gland is affected by the tumoral process in 76.4–90% of cases. Among benign tumors of the parotid gland, the most frequent tumor (61.2–90%) is pleomorphic adenoma. The aim of the research is to develop and apply in clinical conditions microsurgical methods of organ-preserving surgery for pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland, to determine the main clinical indications for the use of a specific method of surgical treatment, to reduce the risk of developing postoperative complications. The material of this study is based on the results of the surgical treatment of 90 patients with pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland, which was carried out in the clinic of maxillofacial surgery on the basis of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of MI “Poltava M.V. Sklifosovskyi Regional Clinical Hospital”. Preoperative diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical examination, results of ultrasound and magnetic resonance computer tomography of the parotid glands, as well as the cytological examination of material obtained during puncture biopsy of the tumor. In 80 patients, the tumor was localized in the superficial part, and in 7 patients – in the deep part of the parotid gland. In 2 patients, there was total tumor damage to almost the entire gland; in 1 patient, the multinodular nature of the tumor process in both the superficial and deep parts of the gland was noted. As a result of the conducted research, we believe that performing a partial resection of the parotid gland using microsurgical principles of the operation allows us to expand the generally accepted indication (tumors up to 2 cm in size) for performing this operation for pleomorphic adenomas of the superficial part of the gland. In our opinion, the main criterion for the use of this operation is the absolute size of the tumor and the relative percentage of tumor involvement in the superficial part of the parotid gland. If the results of the examination show that the tumor does not occupy the entire superficial part of the gland, and it can be removed within the limits of healthy tissues while preserving some part of the gland, preference should be given to this method, rather than subtotal resection of the gland. As a rule, this is possible when such tumors (more than 2 cm) are localized in the region of the poles of the gland.

History and national survey on reflex hammers: which is the chosen one of Brazilian neurologists?

Percussion is an important part of the neurological examination and reflex hammers are necessary to obtain it properly. We aimed to review the historical aspects of the main reflex hammers and to define the favorite one of Brazilian neurologists. We searched original and review articles about historical aspects of the reflex hammers in Scielo and Pubmed and conducted an online survey to investigate the favorite reflex hammer of Brazilian neurologists. In the first part, we describe the major milestones in the creation of the reflex hammers. Following, we exhibit the results of the online survey: Babinski-Rabiner was the most voted. The origins of the reflex hammers goes back long before their creation, from a basic clinical examination method: percussion. Since the description of deep tendon reflexes and the creation of percussion hammers, much has been improved in this technique. Among all the hammers surveyed, the Babinski-Rabiner was the chosen one by a significant portion of Brazilian neurologists.

Protective periodontitis: the possibility of prevention

Relevance. The isolation of prosthetic periodontitis among inflammatory periodontal pathology has significantly supplemented the generally accepted notions of dentists concerning the etiology and progression of dental prosthetics complications. Improving the methods of preventing inflammatory periodontal lesions caused by the presence of denture structures in the oral cavity is very relevant nowadays, especially in persons using removable dental prostheses. This applies to older age groups, which for financial reasons are more accessible removable acrylic dentures, which they have the opportunity to get at the expense of the budget of the region.Aim. This applies to those in the older age groups who, for financial reasons, have more access to removable acrylic dentures because of the possibility of obtaining dentures at the expense of the regional budget. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using a new domestic denture fixation cream for the prevention of prosthetic periodontitis in patients using removable dentures.Materials and methods. 63 (18 male and 45 female) elderly patients (61-74 years old) with partial tooth loss on both jaws were examined. Partial removable acrylic dentures were made for patients 1st group (n = 30) and 2nd group (n = 33). The patients of the second group constantly used the domestic ASEPTA РARODONTAL denture fixation cream with herbal extract for 9 months of the study. Assessment of the impact of dentures on the oral tissues and periodontium was carried out on the basis of clinical examination and by studying the antimicrobial potential of saliva.Results. The use of partial removable acrylic dentures has been found to contribute to the occurrence of prosthetic periodontitis, which is associated with the technology used in their manufacture. It is possible to reduce the incidence of prosthetic periodontitis not only by timely correction of prosthesis but also by using adhesive means for fixation of prosthesis, the application of which permitted to reduce the occurrence of prosthetic periodontitis by 47,58% and to reduce the occurrence of inflammatory changes of gingiva in the restored teeth area by 16,06%. The research of the antimicrobial potential of saliva in persons who constantly used ASEPTA РARODONTAL denture fixation cream with herbal extract showed that the immune balance achieved before dental prosthetics can be maintained in the oral cavity.Conclusion. The results of the clinical and laboratory study allow us to recommend more widely the use of adhesive means for fixation of removable dentures, including the ASEPTA PARODONTAL cream with herbal extracts.

Comparison and evaluation of efficacy of olfactory and taste distraction in managing anxious pediatric patients during radiovisiography

Due to dental anxiety &amp; fear, young children tend to be more anxious even at the times of basic clinical examination and investigative procedures such as taking IOPAs, however, with the advent of RVGs, taking X-rays have become less cumbersome. A study was planned for comparison and evaluation of olfactory distraction utilizing aromatherapy, taste distraction and conventional method (Tell-Show-Do) in managing fearful children aged 4-7 years during radiovisiography (RVG). A total of 45 children (4-7 years old) were included and 3 groups (15 each) were formed and radiographs were taken with the help of RVG (radiovisigraphy) under aromatherapy, with taste distraction and using control- Tell Show Do technique. Pre- and Post- anxiety scores were measured using physiological measures- pulse and respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and Venham’s picture test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, IBM Inc, was used for statistical analysis.Both the test groups (aromatherapy and taste distraction group) when compared with control group, exhibited noteworthy post-treatment variation in anxiety level scores. No statistical significance was seen amongst taste distraction and aromatherapy group, although aromatherapy exhibited superior results in comparison to taste distraction. Both taste distraction using lollipop/candy and aromatherapy employing lavender essential oil are efficacious in management of anxiety among children, however aromatherapy unveils a better result in comparison. To conclude, a combination or individual use of less invasive techniques may be executed effectively in handling pediatric dental patients.

Lipid Variations as Prognosticators of Cardiovascular Risks in Dairy Cattle with Mastitis

Clinical mastitis a deadly problem for dairy farmers and economy. Current study was designed to check serum lipid profile alteration with respect to cardiovascular diseases in clinical mastitis cattle. A total of sixty five samples were collected and divided into two groups for this case control study on the basis of clinical examination. For analysis, 40 cases and 25 controls were included. Statistical analysis was done by applying student “t” test using GraphPad Prism software 6.0. There was non-significant reduction (P=0.3) of serum total cholesterol (TC) and pronounced elevation (P=0.01) of triglyceride (TG) in cases as compared to controls. Mastitis group presented mild decrease (P=0.07) in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and highly significant elevation (P=0.0003) of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as compared to healthy cattle. Moreover, diseased cattle also manifested marked elevation (P=0.01) of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) as compared to controls. Conclusively, clinical mastitis is associated with painful, swollen udder and abnormalities in milk. It also contributes to dyslipidaemia that could be used as useful indicator for evaluation of cardiovascular risks in cattle with clinical mastitis

Prevalence of focal odontogenic infection in patients with class II malocclusion studying at Russian Ministry of Defense institutions of comprehensive education

Relevance. Caries and premature loss of teeth is among the causes of the development of malocclusion. Caries develops with greater frequency on proximal and occlusal surfaces of mandibular first molars, which increases the risk of periapical complications due to late diagnosis of tooth decay. Students of the Russian Ministry of Defense schools for comprehensive education belong to reserve units of law enforcement authorities, agencies and services. Therefore, prevention and sustaining their good health, including dental health, is a top priority.The paperobjectiveis to evaluate the frequency of carious lesions of various surfaces of mandibular molars and their complications in students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.Methods. We examined 30 first year students with class II malocclusion (K07.20 according to ICD-10) aged 11-12 years, using basic (clinical examination and probing) and additional (questionnaires, photo protocol, radiography) research methods. All patients underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in natural occlusion with a resolution of 17Ч15.Results and discussion. 45 % of the examined students revealed latent carious lesions of the enamel below the level of the equator, predominantly localized on the tooth medial surface. At the same time, carious lesions communicating with the tooth cavity in 60.9 % of cases were localized on the contact surfaces (Class II according to Black), in 39.1% - on the chewing surface (Class I according to Black). Periapical foci of destruction were found in 38.3 % of cases.Conclusion. When diagnosing and planning orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in students of the Russian Ministry of Defense institutions, it is important to refer the patient to CBCT in order to timely detect hidden carious lesions of the enamel below the equator and prevent the transition of uncomplicated caries into complicated cases.

Obesity and visceral fat: Indicators for anemia among household women visiting a health camp on world obesity day

BackgroundObesity and anemia are among most common non-communicable diseases not only in India but around the world. These conditions are observed together more among females. Obesity being a risk factor for various lifestyle disease, is hypothesized to affect iron absorption and hence level of hemoglobin. ObjectivesTo find the prevalence of obesity and anemia among given sample population and to find out various factors affecting obesity and anemia. MethodsA cross sectional study was done among married females visiting a health camp on World Obesity Day. They were assessed using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric examination. Basic clinical examination, body fat analysis and blood indices were also done. ResultsThe mean age of study participants was found to be 30.27 ± 5.3 years. 487 (70.78%) of the study participants were found obese with BMI >23 kg/m2 and 61 (8.86%%) participants were found to be anemic. Increasing age, education level, menstrual flow, gravida, parity were found to be significantly associated with obesity. Among participants who were anemic, majority (86.9%) had low visceral fat, suggesting the relationship of anemia and fat metabolism is more related to peripheral fat deposition and not much to visceral fat (p < 0.05). ConclusionOur study findings suggest there is a need to carry out in-depth longitudinal and multicentric studies on larger population to see the exact relationship between visceral fat/obesity and anemia as in our study, the prevalence of anemia was very less and thus giving confusing results about visceral and total body fat relation with anaemia.

Successful Reproductive Outcome Following Challenging Surgical Management of Mullerian Anomalies

Background: Mullerian duct anomalies consist of a set of structural malforma-tions of reproductive organ resulting from abnormal development of the paramesonephric or Müllerian ducts. The prevalence of these anomalies ranges from 0.001 to 10% in the general population and from 8-10% in women with an adverse reproductive history. The aim of this study was to diagnose different type of mullerian anomalies and to evaluate the reproductive outcome that occurs as a result of surgical management of malformation of genital tract. Methods: A prospective observational study of mullarian anomalies and its diagnosis &amp; reproductive outcome was observed by using data from women with congenital anomalies attended in OPD either with complains or incidental diagnosis with HSG,during laparoscopy at tertiary care center. Total 100 women with different types of mullarian anomalies were included in study. Results: Most common utero-vaginal anomaly seen in present study was septate uterus with on basis of clinical examination. Out of 100 patient (35)35% were diagnosed mullerian agenesis. Cervico vaginal agenesis (15)15%, Septate uterus 28(28%), Bicornaute uterus 7(7%), Transverse vaginal septum 5 % ,unicornuate 5%, Didelphi’s with longitudinal vaginal septum 2%, Microperforate Hymen 3(3%). Among all patients 26 patients were pregnant. Among primary amenorrhea 35 patient of mullarian agenesis after progressive non-surgical vaginal dilatation 22 patient had no coital difficulty. 5 patients were need vaginoplasty. Among 15 patients of cervicovaginal agenesis 6 become menstruating, 2 were pregnant, 6 patient failed anastomosis, needed total abdominal hysterectomy 3 patients on oral pill. Among 5 transverse vaginal septum, 5 having regular menestration among 2 become pregnant. Among other mullarian anamolies after challenging surgical management 22 patient become pregnant. Conclusion: Present study shows prevalence of congenital malformation of female reproductive tract is 0.83% at our .....

MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR OCCULT PNEUMOTHORAX: TUBE THORACOTOMY OR CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT?

Pneumothorax is a commonly encountered problem in the Trauma Bay. The ED management of pneumothorax depends on their etiology, their size, and clinical stability of the patient. The term occult pneumothorax (OP) is a pneumothorax that is not suspected on the basis of clinical examination or initial chest radiography, but is later detected on computed tomography (CT) scan. Some Surgeons favour placement of a ICD tube for patients with OP, while others favour close observation without chest drainage. This study was conducted both to determine the incidence of OP and to describe its current treatment status in the chest trauma population at an Indian tertiary trauma centre

OCCULT HAEMOTHORAX: TUBE THORACOTOMY OR CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT? A STUDY IN A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE CENTER

Intrapleural blood detected by computed tomography scan, but not evident on plain chest radiograph, denes occult hemothorax. This study determined the role for tube thoracostomy. The ER management of Haemothorax depends on their etiology, their size, and clinical stability of the patient. The term occult Haemothorax (OH) is a Haemothorax that is not suspected on the basis of clinical examination or initial chest radiography, but is later detected on computed tomography (CT) scan. Some Physicians favour placement of a ICD tube for patients with OH, while others favour close observation without chest drainage. This study was conducted both to determine the incidence of OH and to describe its current treatment status in the chest trauma population at an Indian tertiary trauma centre

Renal Cortical Thickness in Adult with Normal Renal Function Measured by Ultrasonography

Introduction: Renal cortical thickness is an important parameter for many renal pathologies. Ultrasonography has been an efficient tool for the measurement of different renal parameters. The objective of this study was to determine the renal cortical thickness in healthy adults without any renal impairments and to correlate it with age, sex, height, weight, BMI and side of the body.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 150 healthy adults with normal renal function were included in this study. A detailed clinical history of all the patients were taken. Basic investigations, clinical and ultrasonography examination were performed. Informed written consent and ethical approval were taken.&#x0D; Results: The study included 150 participants (67 male &amp; 83 female) with mean age of the participants 33.0±9.5 years. The mean renal cortical thickness was found to be 8.3±0.69mm. There was significant correlation between RCT and gender (p=0.013). However, no such correlation was observed between (renal cortical thickness) RCT and age, height, weight and BMI of the participants.&#x0D; Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurement of renal cortical thickness plays a vital role in identification of many renal diseases. Thus, the result of this study can be used for evaluation of renal cortical thickness to determine abnormal renal conditions.