Basis For Many Problems Research Articles

Random number-based Brownian motion and practical examples of its implementing in high school computer science lessons

Brownian motion is defined in many literature sources as the random motion of microscopic particles in a liquid or gaseous medium. The cause of this motion has long been unknown. The explanation of Brownian motion is that molecules in solution are constantly colliding due to thermal motion and these are random. Over time, this motion has also become the basis for many problems and practical exercises in the natural sciences and has become popular in computer science. Brownian motion simulation and its variations have many positive features. They not only allow the understanding of natural phenomena but especially allow the understanding of random processes. In the classroom, we can practice generating random numbers (e.g. using our own random number generator and testing it), creating various commonly occurring phenomena with a random character (the shape of lightning, a drop running down glass, the formation of copper crystals or a snowflake), or even linking them to statistics (statistical evaluation of the results of work). The tasks presented in our paper are designed for two-dimensional simulations. However, the same procedures are also well applicable to three-dimensional simulations. This can be an assignment for students, for example, for a midterm project. In this way, we can also use Brownian motion for project-based learning and contribute to collaborative teamwork.

A Study of the Problems of People's lives in the novels ‘Malarum Sarugum (The Flower and the Dried Leaf)’, ‘Thaakam (Thirst)’, ‘Setril Manitharkal (Humans in the Mud)’, ‘Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum (Out with the Old)’, and ‘Sennel (Red Rice)

Novel literature, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, was a form of literature that emerged to describe and explain the new society. The novel literature is based on the conflict that arises within man and between man and society, as well as the problems, struggles, and human nature that are directly related to real life. The issues of life, struggle, and consequences of the grassroots people mentioned in Tamil novels, the literary creativity of the teachers, etc., are the subjects of study in novels such as T. Selvaraj’s 'Malarum Sarukum', Ku Chinnappa Bharathi’s 'Thaakam', Rajam Krishnan’s 'Setril Manitharkal', Sivakami’s 'Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum' and Solaisundara Perumal’s 'Sennel'. In these novels, the landlessness of the poor, wage problems, unemployment, and the caste inequality that results from it are deepening, and the slavery, the inability to fight together as an organization, the exploitative tendencies of the farm landlords, and thus the poverty among the labourers becomes the basis of many problems and weakens the lives of the labourers. Novel literature highlights the social contradictions and the various problems that arise in people's lives. In this way, the title of this thesis has been undertaken with the objective of examining these novels, which are centered on the workers who are the axis of society, and to identify and reveal the various problems found in them.

Initial-State Estimation of Multi-Channel Networked Discrete Event Systems

Initial-state estimation consists in determining the initial state of the system based on the observation from the system and the system structure. It is the basis for many problems in security applications, such as opacity, detectability and supervisory control. However, when it comes to cyber-physical systems (CPS) communication delays and losses are inevitable. In this letter, we study the initial-state estimation problem in a CPS that is modeled with a multi-channel networked discrete event system (NDES). In practice, the system is usually distributed over several locations, and the communication between the system and an agent (e.g., intruder, observer, supervisor) is carried out via a shared network, in which communication delays and losses may happen. In multi-channel NDESs, even when the first-in first-out rule is satisfied in each channel, the order of events received by the agent may still be shuffled due to random communication delays in each channel. To address these new challenges, we formalize the initial-state estimation problem in multi-channel NDESs and a networked initial-state estimator is proposed to generate the exact initial-state estimate.

The Many Faces of Forgetting: Toward a Constructive View of Forgetting in Everyday Life

Forgetting is often considered a fundamental cognitive failure, reflecting the undesirable and potentially embarrassing inability to retrieve a sought-after experience or fact. For this reason, forgetfulness has been argued to form the basis of many problems associated with our memory system. We highlight instead how forgetfulness serves many purposes within our everyday experience, giving rise to some of our best characteristics. Drawing from cognitive, neuroscientific, and applied research, we contextualize our findings in terms of their contributions along three important (if not entirely independent) roles supported by forgetting, namely (a) the maintenance of a positive and coherent self-image (“Guardian”), (b) the facilitation of efficient cognitive function (“Librarian”), and (c) the development of a creative and flexible worldview (“Inventor”). Together, these roles depict an expanded understanding of how forgetting provides memory with many of its cardinal virtues.

Orthocomplement reduced order models for strongly coupled structural-acoustic systems

Despite the enormous strides in computing power, reduced-order models (ROMs) remain essential for design optimization and early stage design. The energetically optimal basis for ROMs of vibroacoustic systems derives from the coupled Eigen problem: no basis of smaller dimension contains a greater amount of system energy. While vital, this L2-type framework is also insufficiently accurate on a pointwise basis for many problems. A simply supported beam with a point load is an obvious thought experiment: the smooth modal functions converge to the correct displaced shape very slowly. The well-known “residual mode” or orthocomplement concept overcomes this problem, by augmenting the space of modal functions with static solutions to the point loads. These new residual modes are orthogonalized against the modal space, and used otherwise conventionally. This work describes the development of ROMs of submerged structures by extending the residual mode approach to the strongly coupled structural-acoustic case. We derive methods to use these ROMs in substructures. Numerical examples show that the structural acoustic residual mode formulation is very effective in improving the solution method in the low-frequency limit, especially in the fluid, and also at the high-frequency limit, where response quantities tend to the average of the direct-solve FEM response.

Head injured children and education: a need for greater delineation and understanding.

There is continuing professional misunderstanding within education and psychology regarding the effects of head injury upon the immature brain. Children who sustain repeated mild, or single severe head injuries in falls, road accidents, or as victims of physical abuse, may look good but perform badly. There is no acceptable evidence that such children achieve a good or full recovery. Conclusions about good prognosis cannot be substantiated in the present state of inadequate assessment including the perpetual reliance on inadequate or inappropriate global estimates, such as IQ, or Glasgow Outcome scores. The basis of many problems for head injured children within education is the apparent failure to adequately delineate the variables of mechanism and severity of injury, age at insult and time since injury.

Computer aids for chemists

The goal of this ongoing project is to build a family of expert systems that can be used easily for education and research in different disciplines to solve problems in both experimental work and development of theories. Important characteristics of the systems are described. There are three classes of expert systems: conventional, automatic deductive (with symbolic and non-symbolic subclasses), and adaptive learning (with conventional and automatic subclasses). Automatic deductive and automatic adaptive learning systems are not based on the state-of-the-art and can predict unprecedented events. A basis for many problems is the construction, manipulation, and evaluation of graphs. There are two automatic deductive and two automatic adaptive learning systems capable of solving four classes problems common to many disciplines. Two interfaces called INTERACTIVE USER and SYSTEM together provide user-friendly interfaces for different subjects and varying levels of expertise. Only the INTERACTIVE USER interface need be changed for new applications. Nine service expert systems perform operations such as literature searches, high-speed information management, curve-fitting and data description. Operational prototypes exist for ten of the thirteen systems. CURFIT (curve-fitting) and FRANS (function recognition and numerical solutions) systems are available for production use on IBM-PC/AT machines and their clones. The use of the CURFIT and FRANS systems is illustrated with some simple examples.