Basis For Land-use Planning Research Articles

Developing ecological protection redline policy for land use pattern optimization in the typical black soil region of Northeastern China

Typical black soil regions in Northeastern China (TBSN) are facing problems of degradation of ecosystem services (ESs) and spatial conflicts between cropland and ecological land. Ecological Protection Redline (EPR) policy is one of the first national policies to utilizing multiple ESs. However, there is no standardized framework of delineation and validation for TBSN. In this study, the framework of Ecological Protection Redline delineation was further improved in three aspects of the ecosystem, namely, service function, ecological sensitivity, and biodiversity. Specifically, the framework considered the conflict between high-quality cropland and ecological land in the TBSN. We examined EPR effectiveness by comparing ESs and trade-off/synergistic relationships of different land use scenarios for 2035. The results show that 1) the EPR delineation threshold for each key indicator was determined to be 15%, considering the quality level of cropland. The ecological redline area of 89,593.63 km2 was identified, which was concentrated in the southwestern part of the Mengdong typical black soil subzone and Songnen typical black soil subzone. 2) Compared to the current ecological protection scenario and current ecological protection redline scenario, the optimized EPR scenario was the best solution to guarantee the sustainable development of the TBSN, maximizing ESs, weakening trade-offs, and strengthening synergistic relationships between them. The results of the study provided a theoretical basis for land use planning and the scientific management of ecosystems in the TBSN.

Landscape Drivers of Floods Genesis (Case Study: Mayo Mizao Peri-Urban Watershed in Far North Cameroon)

Landscape has significant effects on hydrological processes in a watershed. In the Sudano-Sahelian area, watersheds are subjected to a quick change in landscape patterns due to the human footprint, and the exact role of the actual landscape features in the modification of the hydrological process remains elusive. This study tends to assess the effects of landscape on the genesis of the runoff in the Mayo Mizao watershed. To achieve this goal, 62 infiltration tests were performed at different points and depths (5 cm and 20 cm) using the double-ring method and the Porchet method. The results show that the combination of many factors (soil type, land use, and farming practices) can guide the hydraulic conductivity behavior of soils. For example, at 5 cm depths, clayey-evolved soils, such as vertisols and halomorphic soils, inhibit infiltration, as opposed to non-evolved mineral soils, such as lithosols and clayey-sandy soils. However, at 20 cm depths, gray soils with halomorphic tendencies followed by vertisols have a low sensitivity to infiltration, as opposed to soils derived from loose materials and halomorphic soils. For a given soil type, rainfed crops are the primary land use that runs against infiltration. However, the effect of tillage varies according to the soil type. Finally, given the extent of vertisols and halomorphic soils in the Far North region of Cameroon in general, and in the Mayo Mizao watershed in particular, and regarding the increase in cultivated areas, a probable reduction in the infiltration capacity of soils in this region is to be expected in the medium term. The results of this study can be used as a basis for land-use planning and sustainable watershed management in semi-arid tropical zones.

Research on the evolution and the driving forces of land use classification for production, living, and ecological space in China’s Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve from 2000 to 2020

With the rapid development of the economy, problems such as resource depletion, environmental degradation, and increasingly strained human-land relations have become increasingly prominent. The rational layout of the production, living, and ecological spaces is the basis for solving the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection. This paper analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution characteristics of the Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve based on the theory of production, living, and ecological space. The results show that the production and living function indexes are rising. The most advantaged areas are in the northern part of the research area, where the terrain is flat and transportation is convenient. The ecological function index rises, falls, then rises again. The high-value area is located in the south of the study area, and its ecological function is intact. The study area is dominated by ecological space. During the study period, the area of production space increased by 858.5 km2 and the living space area increased by 341.12 km2. The intensification of human activities has separated the continuity of ecological space. The area of ecological space has decreased by 233.68 km2. Among geographical factors, altitude has a significant impact on the evolution of living space. Population density is the main socioeconomic factor in changing the areas of production space and ecological space. This study is expected to provide a reference basis for land use planning and sustainable development of resources and environment in nature reserves.

Remote Sensing and Phytoecological Methods for Mapping and Assessing Potential Ecosystem Services of the Ouled Hannèche Forest in the Hodna Mountains, Algeria

Regardless of their biogeographic origins or degree of artificialization, the world’s forests are a source of a wide range of ecosystem services (ES). However, the quality and quantity of these services depend on the type of forest studied and its phytogeographic context. Our objective is to transpose the concept of ES, in particular, the assessment of forest ES, to the specific Mediterranean context of the North African mountains, where this issue is still in its infancy and where access to the data needed for assessment remains difficult. Our work presents an introductory approach, allowing us to set up methodological and scientific milestones based on open-access remote sensing data and already tested geospatial processing associated with phytoecological surveys to assess the ES provided by forests in an Algerian study area. Specifically, several indicators used to assess (both qualitatively and quantitatively) the potential ES of the Ouled Hannèche forest, a forest located in the Hodna Mountains, are derived from LANDSAT 8 OLI images from 2017 and an ALOS AW3D30 DSM. The qualitative ES typology is jointly based on an SVM classification of topographically corrected LANDSAT images and a geomorphic-type classification using the geomorphon method. NDVI is a quantitative estimator of many plant ecosystem functions related to ES. It highlights the variations in the provision of ES according to the types of vegetation formations present. It serves as a support for estimating spectral heterogeneity through Rao’s quadratic entropy, which is considered a relative indicator of biodiversity at the landscape scale. The two previous variables (the multitemporal NDVI and Rao’s Q), completed by the Shannon entropy method applied to the geomorphon classes as a proxy for topo-morphological heterogeneity, constitute the input variables of a quantitative map of the potential supply of ES in the forest determined by Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA). Ultimately, our results serve as a useful basis for land-use planning and biodiversity conservation.

Responses of flood peaks to land use and landscape patterns under extreme rainstorms in small catchments - A case study of the rainstorm of Typhoon Lekima in Shandong, China

Investigations of the formation mechanisms of flood peaks in small catchments facilitate flood prediction and disaster prevention under extreme rainstorms. However, there have been few studies on the responses of flood peaks to land use landscape patterns using field surveys during extreme rainstorm events. Based on field data from 17 small catchments near the rainstorm center of Typhoon Lekima, 7 landscape indices were chosen. The flood peak and its sensitivity to the land use landscape were investigated by combining remote sensing interpretation and related analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The peak discharge of the small catchment was 2.36–56.50 m3/s, the peak modulus was 8.00–48.89 m3/(s·km2), and the flood index K ranged from 3.61 to 4.55. (2) Under similar rainfall conditions, the flood peak modulus, K and the proportion of sloping cropland had significantly positive correlations (p < 0.05). The flood peak modulus was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of forest-grassland and terrace (p < 0.05), and K and the proportion of forest-grassland and terraced land exhibited a negative correlation. (3) The flood peak modulus and K were positively correlated with the landscape fragmentation. (4) The sensitivities of small catchments to floods were evaluated to be moderate compared to K values from other studies. The ability of small catchments to cope with extreme rainstorms can be improved by increasing the areas of forest-grassland, and terraces and reducing landscape fragmentation. Our results could be applied to provide a basis for land use planning and support for the response against disasters caused by extreme floods.

The Relationship Between Landscape Diversity and Crops Productivity: Landscape Scale Study

Abstract The present study evaluates the relationship between the crops productivity and ecosystem diversity. The spatial variability in ecosystem diversity was measured using the Shannon landscape diversity index and distance from biodiversity hotspots that are nature conservation areas. Three crops were selected for the study: soybeans, sunflowers and winter rye. The initial data included the average crops yields in administrative districts within 10 regions of Ukraine. It was found that the studied crops yield dynamics from the mid-90s of the previous century to the current period could be described by a sigmoid curve (log-logistic model). The parameters of the yield model are the following indicators: the minimum level of yield (Lower Limit); maximum level of productivity (Upper limit); the slope of the model, which shows the rate of change in yields over time; ED50 - the time required to achieve half, from the maximum yield level. Our studies have shown that there is a statistically significant regression relationship between the yield parameters of all the studied crops and biodiversity, even at the landscape level. Among the studied crops, soybean shows the strongest regression relationship between yields and indicators of landscape diversity. Sunflower yield is the least dependent on landscape diversity. Most of the established dependencies are nonlinear, which indicates the existence of an optimal level of landscape diversity to achieve the maximum possible crop yields. Therefore, the obtained patterns can be the basis for land-use planning and management, especially while creating new natural protected areas.

Location factors and dynamics of tree plantation expansion in two coastal river basins in south-central Chile: basis for land use planning

ABSTRACT Tree plantations have expanded rapidly during the last decades, specially in Asia and South America, and Chile has shown one of the largest increases in tree plantations in the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamic and factors statistically associated with the expansion of tree plantations in two coastal basins in south-central Chile. We used logistic regression and a multimodel inference approach to assess the association of 13 location factors with tree plantation expansion in two periods (1987–2001; 2001–2015). The area of tree plantations increased by 292% and 196% in the Budi and Lingue basins, respectively. The presence of agriculture fields before conversion to tree plantations showed the greatest effect in both basins, followed by the suitability of the soil for forestry. Likewise, tree plantations were highly associated with the replacement of native vegetation, contributing to ongoing deforestation, and changes in forest policy increased the expansion in indigenous land.

Land management – a basis for land use planning and development of municipalities

This article shows the role of land management in the creation of a modern and effi cient land use planning system as the basic for urban planning activities at all levels of public administration. The authors analyzed existing problems in planning of complex territory development and made a conclusion that the land management system contributes not only to the rational use of land resources of municipalities, but also to increase in the environmental sustainability of territories, and, accordingly, to increase in the life quality of Russian citizens.

Analysis of Land Use Changes and Driving Forces in the Yanhe River Basin from 1980 to 2015

Based on the support of RS and GIS technology, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and driving forces of land use in the Yanhe River Basin through the processing and interpretation of remote sensing images in different periods from 1980 to 2015 and the methods of the land use transfer matrix and dynamic attitude. The results show that cropland, grassland, and forest land are the three types of land use with the most obvious changes, while urban land and water body have relatively small changes in the Yanhe River Basin. The transfer between cropland, forest land, and grassland and urban land is very obvious, among which the conversion rate of cropland is the highest. During the 15 years from 2000 to 2015, the land use types of the Yanhe River Basin changed by 13.17%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.88%. The implementation of ecological restoration and governance policy is the direct driving force of land use change in the Yanhe River Basin. The results obtained in this study can provide reference basis for land use planning and management and land use structure optimization in the Yanhe River Basin in the future.

Exploration of smart city construction under new urbanization: A case study of Jinzhou-Huludao Coastal Area

Smart city construction is an important direction of global urban development, which reflects the bright future of human life. Building smart cities is also a long-term task for China to promote new-type urbanization and healthy urban development. Nowadays, China's new urbanization takes wisdom, intelligence and green ecology as the core theory, and an increasing cities have joined the planning and construction of green ecology, intelligent and intelligent urbanization. Landscape pattern optimization is one of the important ways in achieving regional ecological security. With the rapid development of urbanization, the ecological space has been continuously compressed. How to coordinate the contradiction between regional ecological security and social and economic development has become the main problem facing China's land use. In this study, GLP-ESA-ACO coupling model is used to optimize the allocation of landscape pattern under the goal of ecological security and economic coordination, and Jinzhou-Huludao coastal area is taken as an example for empirical research. Maximizing comprehensive benefits is taken as the objective of optimizing landscape pattern allocation, and GLP is applied to quantitatively constrain landscape types from three aspects of ecological security, ecological service function and social and economic development. Based on the ecological suitability assessment of construction land, considering the change rule of landscape pattern characteristics and the ecological service value of each land type, the appropriate land use distribution map is determined as the spatial constraint of landscape pattern optimization. Using ant colony optimization algorithm, under the constraints of quantity and space, and under the guidance of ecological protection, the optimization sequence is determined, and the optimal allocation results of various landscape types are obtained and superimposed to obtain the final optimal allocation map of landscape pattern in Jinzhou-Huludao coastal area. The results show that: (1) The optimal plan meets the land use indicators of actual planning, takes the maximization of comprehensive benefits as the goal, strictly controls the development and construction of ecological sensitive areas along the coastline, and is superior to the urban planning of destroying the ecological coastal zone tidal flat wetland through reclamation; (2) In the optimal plan, the grassland in the northwest mountain area of Jinhu coastal area is converted into forest, which is consistent with the actual situation in the coastal area of Jinzhou-Huludao in 2020, and the hot spots of inland urban construction in the optimal plan are basically consistent with the actual situation. The research method is scientific and reasonable, which can coordinate the contradiction between regional ecological security and social and economic development, provide theoretical basis for land use planning and rational allocation of land resources, and also provide reference for similar research in other regions.

Extraction of Isfahan’s Seismic Geotechnical Model Using Ambient Noise and Numerical Modeling

A preliminary seismic geotechnical model of Isfahan is extracted using advanced microtremor measurements as well as 2D site response analysis. Single-station microtremor measurements were performed at 25 stations throughout the study area and analyzed using the H/V method as well as the concept of ellipticity of Rayleigh waves. Seismic microzonation maps including the distribution of natural site period, depth to seismic bedrock as well as the soil type throughout the study area were extracted, providing a useful basis for land-use planning in Isfahan. The shear wave velocity of sub-surface soil layers varies from less than 250 m/s near the ground surface to more than 1200 m/s throughout the study area. In the northern districts, the depth of seismic bedrock may exceed 100 m. The natural site period varies from less than 0.5 to more than 1.0 s throughout the study area. It increases from south to north, whereas in the E–W direction, the changes are much less.

Monitoring Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS): A Case of Golden Pride and Geita Gold Mines, Tanzania

This study monitored land cover change in the mining sites of Golden Pride Gold Mine (GPGM) and Geita Gold Mine (GGM), Tanzania. The satellite data for land cover classification for the years 1997, 2010 and 2017 were obtained from the United States Geologic Survey Departments (USGS) online database and were analyzed using Arc GIS 10 software. Supervised classification composed of seven classes namely forest, bushland, agriculture, water, bare soil, urban area and grassland, was designed for this study, in order to classify Landsat images into thematic maps. In addition, future land cover changes for the year 2027 were simulated using a Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model after validating the model using the Land Cover for the year 2017. The results from the LULC analysis showed that forest was the most dominant land cover type in 1997 at GPGM and GGM covering 510 ha (52.1%) and 9833 ha (49.7%) respectively. In 2017, the forest area decreased and the bushland replaced forest to be the most dominant land cover type covering 219 ha (22.4%) for GPGM and 8878 ha (44.9%) for GGM. Based on the CA-Markov model, a predicted land cover map for 2027 was dominated by forest covering 340 ha (34.7%) and 8639 ha (43.7%) for GPGM and GGM respectively. An overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for GPGM were 74.7% and 70.2% respectively and for GGM were 71.4% and 66.1% respectively. Thus, land cover changes resulting from mining activities involve reduction of forest land hence endangers biodiversity. GIS and remote sensing technologies are potential to detect the trend of changes and predict future land cover. The findings are crucial as it provides basis for land use planning and intensifies monitoring programs in the mining areas of Tanzania.

APPLICATION OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM OF MACHINE LEARNING AND BUFFER ANALYSIS IN TORISM REGIONAL PLANNING

Abstract. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geography Information System (GIS) technologies are widely used in ecological analysis and regional planning. With the advantages of large scale monitoring, combination of point and area, multiple time-phases and repeated observation, they are suitable for monitoring and analysis of environmental information in a large range. In this study, support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm is used to monitor the land use and land cover change (LUCC), and then to perform the ecological evaluation for Chaohu lake tourism area quantitatively. The automatic classification and the quantitative spatial-temporal analysis for the Chaohu Lake basin are realized by the analysis of multi-temporal and multispectral satellite images, DEM data and slope information data. Furthermore, the ecological buffer zone analysis is also studied to set up the buffer width for each catchment area surrounding Chaohu Lake. The results of LUCC monitoring from 1992 to 2015 has shown obvious affections by human activities. Since the construction of the Chaohu Lake basin is in the crucial stage of the rapid development of urbanization, the application of RS and GIS technique can effectively provide scientific basis for land use planning, ecological management, environmental protection and tourism resources development in the Chaohu Lake Basin.

A Novel urban transformation criteria from a Geosciences perspective: As case study in Bursa, NW Turkey

Urban transformation in Turkey occurs in a rapid and disorganized form that causes major problems during disasters. In countries such as Turkey, where natural disasters occur frequently, sensitivity to urban planning and natural disasters should be addressed using geophysical, geotechnical and microzonation maps. This paper aims to show the results of seismic microzonation maps that define soil problems and interpret results with appropriate approaches that use multiple parameters, including shear wave velocity soil amplification, soil fundamental frequency and electric resistivity, from a series of geophysical measurements made on a 540-ha area in the city of Bursa, NW Turkey. In urban transformation studies, non-destructive techniques generated by geophysical applications have been considered to be a first step when monitoring the ground surface in archaeological buildings and old residential areas, such as in Bursa, which was once the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, a flowchart in five basic steps, developed for the organization of a successful urban transformation study, based on microzonation. These steps include 1- general properties of the study area (regional tectonic and seismotectonic), 2- characteristics of earthquakes and soils, 3- site characterization and type of soil problems, 4- data availability and quality, and 5- evaluation of results and decision-making. The results are re-organized to achieve systematic criteria for urban transformation. Remarkably, no standard criteria currently exist. This study illustrates that geophysical data provide a useful basis for land-use planning in cities at risk of earthquakes.

Evaluation of Site Effects by Soil and Sediments in Karaj, Iran

As an important step in effectively reducing seismic risk and the vulnerability of the city of Karaj to earthquakes, a site effect microzonation Study was conducted. Seismic hazard analysis for a return period of 475 years was carried out. Data from 66 borings was collected and analyzed, geophysical surveys were conducted and seismology and geoelectric measurements taken in more than 17 stations throughout the city. The study area was divided into a grid of 500*500m2 elements and the sub-surface ground conditions were classified into 9 representative geotechnical profiles. Electric resistivity was measured in close to 20 geotechnical boreholes and surface and sub-surface sediments were collected and analyzed. Site response analyses were carried out on each representative profile using 30 different base rock input motions. Distribution maps of site periods and peak ground acceleration and old and new texture buildings throughout the city were developed, providing a useful basis for land-use planning in the city.

Detección del área con desierto florido en el territorio del Mar de Dunas de Atacama, mediante percepción remota

The Atacama Dune Sea is located northwest of Copiapo (27 o S) and covers an area of 335 km 2 , constituting an “erg” whose morphology is very complex due to the infl uence of underlying valley and hill topography. The natural space environment corresponds to Caldera’s marine terraces and inclined planes covered by aeolian mantles where desert blooms occur. The entire territory is part of the Atacama’s geo-heritage, whose natural and scientifi c value is increased by the existent fog vegetation. Using satellite imagery and fi eld surveys, we determined the spatial distribution of the blooming desert phenomenon and fog vegetation present in the Dune Sea area. Our results, in conjunction with the cartography generated, constitute a useful and necessary scientifi c basis for land use planning in this invaluable territory.

基于HEC-HMS模型的八一水库流域洪水重现期研究

Flood risk is one of the most critical disasters that threatens sustainability of human-dominated ecosystems.Fuzhou,a typical coastal megacity in southeastern China,is subject to huge calamities and economic loss annually due to the typhoon storm floods during rainy seasons.According to time series analysis of local weather dataset,the number of heavy rain has been rising annually since the 1990s.At the same time,urbanization process changed urban land use status and the impervious surface ratio.Both of these had significant influences on the change in return periods flood.Thus,it is very important to conduct a series of studies on the change in return periods flood,aiming to provide practicable guidance for flood control and flood disaster reduction given the ongoing trend of urban expansion. Impervious surface ratio(ISR) is the ratio of impervious surface area to total land area,and it is an important indicator of the urban hydrology.This study focuses on the relationship between the impervious surface ratio and flood return periods.The Bayi Reservoir watershed,situated in Jin′an district of Fuzhou city,was taken as an example.By using remote sensing technology,the land use information were extracted from the TM/ETM+ image of studies in 1989,1994,1999,2001,2002,2003,and 2007.In accordance with the land use data,the watershed impervious surface ratio of selected years were calculated.The results showed that with the urbanization process,the whole watershed impervious surface ratio during the 19 years continued to grow,with a change interval of 5%—10%. Additionally,original dataset,including digital elevation model(DEM) data,soil type data,meteorological and hydrological data,were collected to provide model information in the study.The HEC-HMS hydrological model of Bayi Reservoir watershed was well established after the pretreatment of partial data using WMS 7.1 software.Furthermore,the process of single rainfall-runoff in the Bayi Reservoir watershed was simulated.The results were consistent with the in-situ observation.According to the simulation results,designed to combine the rainfall conditions with land use case to calculate the discharge,and took impervious surface ratio and return periods as the variables,the graphs of return period change were drawn.Finally,according to these graphs,in sub-basin A the return periods of 100,50,and 25 years were ahead of designed time by 20,8,and 3 years,respectively,with the growth of impervious surface ratio.In sub-basin B the return periods of 100,50,and 25 years were ahead of designed time by 25,10,and 4 years,respectively,with the growth of impervious surface ratio. This study provided precious experiences for study on flood return periods.The results are beneficial to make the planning for urban flood control and flood risk reduction.Furthermore,the results supply both practicable and theoretical basis for land use planning in urban watershed as well as scientific prevention and treatment of non-point pollution.

Soil and Sediments Microzonation for Evaluation of Site Effects on Earthquake Damages in Mobarakeh, Esfahan, Iran

As an important step in effectively reducing seismic risk and the vulnerability of the city of Mobarakeh to earthquakes, a site effect microzonation Study was conducted. Seismic hazard analysis for a return period of 475 years was carried out. Data from 10 borings was collected and analyzed, geophysical surveys were conducted and seismology and geoelectric measurements taken in more than 17 stations through out the city. The study area was divided into a grid of 500×500 m2 elements and the sub-surface ground conditions were classified into 5 representative geotechnical profiles. Electric resistivity was measured in close to 17 geotechnical boreholes and surface and sub-surface sediments were collected and analyzed. Site response analyses were carried out on each representative profile using 30 different base rock input motions. Distribution maps of site periods and peak ground acceleration and old and new texture buildings through out the city were developed, providing a useful basis for land-use planning in the city.

Evaluating land-use suitability of an industrial city in northeast China

Distribution of industrial land use has a crucial influence on the regional environment. Nanfen is a developing industrial city affiliated with Benxi City, northeastern China. The suitability of industrial land use in Nanfen was evaluated to provide a scientific basis for industrial land-use planning and to minimise negative impacts on the local environment. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) within GIS was employed to derive a suitability map. The suitability map was compared with current industrial land use to identify areas for relocation of current industries. A total of 25.7% of the urban area in Nanfen was rated as suitable, 28.1% as somewhat suitable, 37.9% as unsuitable and 8.2% as most unsuitable. About 20.6% of the current industrial land was in suitable areas, 46.5% in somewhat suitable areas and 32.9% in unsuitable areas. We further verified the influence of selected factors on the suitability of industrial land use using a field survey. The results confirmed that industrial land-use relocation in Nanfen is required. This study uses ecological suitability evaluation as a basis for land-use planning and has implications for other industrial cities in northeast China that have similar environmental and ecological problems.

Effects of changes in land use and land cover on sediment discharge of runoff in a typical watershed in the hill and gully loess region of northwest China

Land use plays a much more important role than other factors, such as climate, soil properties, topographic features, vegetation coverage, human activities and others, in affecting soil erosion and sediment discharge. In order to understand the effects of changes in land use on sediment discharge and to provide a theoretical basis for land use planning, management and ecological restoration, we used the controlled Qiaozidong watershed and the uncontrolled Qiaozixi watershed in the third sub-region of the Loess Plateau as examples and analyzed the effects of land use and land cover on the discharge of sediments. The results show that the impact of land use and land cover on the annual amount of sediment discharge is significant. Compared with the uncontrolled watershed during similar periods, the amount of sediment discharged from the controlled watershed was reduced by 44%, 75% and 86%, respectively, in wet, normal and dry years. In the controlled watershed, compared with the period from 1986 to 1994, the amount of sediments discharged was less during the period from 1995 to 2004. The impact of land use and land cover on sediment discharge demonstrated characteristics of seasonal fluctuation. The effects of sediment reduction in the controlled watershed were greater than those in the uncontrolled watershed in May and September. In the controlled watershed, the reduction effect coincided with the distribution of rainfall. The amount of discharged flood sediments is closely correlated with rainfall, rainfall intensity in a 60 min period and the volume of flood. The rainstorm-runoff process and the rainstorm-sediment discharge process demonstrate that land cover has a strong regulatory and control function in the flood process and sediment discharge in rainstorms. For the controlled watershed, given the same precipitation frequency distribution, the average amount of sediment discharged during the land use period from 1995 to 2004 was less than that during the earlier land use period from 1986 to 1994 under every recurrent period.