Basin Water Environment Research Articles

Black shale high geological background potential toxic elements(PTEs) in middle reaches of the Yangtze River tributary basin water environment, China: Distribution, pollution sources, and risk assessment

As a typical high geological background area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River tributary basin in China, the Loushao Basin in Hunan is covered with high mineral black shale, with an average element value 4.76–8.97 times higher than the world average rock level. The aim of this study is to analyze the water environment pollution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River tributary basin under high geological background based on the spatial distribution differences of black shale concentration. PCA source analysis is used to track the source of pollution and highlight the differences in body shape to assess regional health risks. The research results show that Cd in water quality exceeds the background value by 7.5 times. There is a strong homology among Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg elements in water bodies, mainly derived from the natural weathering, migration, and enrichment of rocks. Hg element is a pollution caused by human factors, and water pollution is more severe in areas close to high concentrations, with severe exceedance of Cr element in water quality. The main controlling factor for individual health risk differences is body shape, and men's health is more susceptible to threats.

Characteristics of Water Environment and Its Influencing Factors in Zhari Namco Basin, Xizang

Zhari Namco is situated in the alpine grassland belt of northwestern Xizang with a fragile ecological environment. As the third-largest lake in Xizang, there has been a long-term lack of research data concerning its basin water environment. In an effort to elucidate the surface water environment characteristics of the basin and the factors influencing them, an extensive investigation was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022, encompassing periods of high flow, low flow, and base flow. Further, the study also involved comprehensive assessments of the water chemistry characteristics and spatial-temporal variation in lake sampling sites of the basin that were not significant by using mathematical statistics, hydrochemical analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The findings revealed the following： ① The water in the Zhari Namco Basin exhibited an alkaline nature, with dominant ionic compositions in the lake comprising Na+, SO42-, and Cl-, whereas the rivers were primarily characterized by Ca2+, HCO3-, and SO42-. ② The main pollutants exceeding established standards included sulfates, arsenic, chlorides, and total phosphorus. The study identified significant spatiotemporal variations in water quality. Temporally, the exceedance of sulfates, arsenic, and total phosphorus was most pronounced during high-flow periods, followed by that during low-flow and base flow periods, with chloride levels showing less temporal variation. Spatially, river water quality surpassed that of the lakes, with arsenic, total phosphorus, TDS, sulfate, chloride, K+, and Na+ concentrations in lakes 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in rivers. Water qualities exceeding the established standard were primarily found in the lake, with less spatial variations within the lake itself. ③ Hydrochemical processes within the basin were found to be primarily influenced by natural phenomena, including evaporation-concentration and rock weathering. Various elements entered the lakes via surface runoff, where they continuously accumulated under the influence of evaporation-concentration processes, ultimately leading to exceedances. ④ Temporal variations in water quality were primarily attributed to increased elemental loss and intensified evaporation during high-flow periods. The spatial discrepancies in water quality were predominantly a consequence of the differing hydrodynamic conditions between flowing water bodies and enclosed water bodies.

The normative construction of the River Chief system model of river basin water environment management under legal perspective

The normative construction of the River Chief system model of river basin water environment management under legal perspective

Zoning method of aquatic ecosystem functional management fourth-level region in the Daqing River Basin, China

Watershed management needs more information on ecological function and services in large regions. Spatial units are particularly important for the watershed management. Zoning of aquatic ecosystem functional management region refers to the zoning of terrestrial ecosystems as per the characteristics of aquatic ecosystems, providing an ecological background and basic spatial units for water environment management in basins. Although basin water environment management based on aquatic ecosystem functional management region and control unit is highly effective in practice, the current need for refined management of water environments cannot be met by existing zoning schemes of aquatic ecosystem functional management regions and control units. In response to the need to protect basin water environments, which is raised in the 14th Five-Year plan, a zoning method of aquatic ecosystem functional management fourth-level region for basins is proposed in this study. It features an effective integration of aquatic ecosystem functional management regions and control units and township-level administrative divisions, thus contributing to the implementation of a basin water environment management system that fulfils the zoning, grading, classification and period goals of aquatic ecosystem functional management. In this way, it can satisfy the business application of administrative management and refined management of water environments, which features coupling terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and unification of water resources, water environments and aquatic ecology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed zoning method were verified by using the Daqing River Basin, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China, as a case study. The results were accepted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, which can provide scientific rationale and technical support for the accurate and differentiated watershed water environments management and ecological restoration of coastal wetlands in the Haihe River Basin based on aquatic ecosystem functional management fourth-level region with clear responsibility for the local government during the period of the 14th Five-Year plan.

Key Technologies of Multi-Objective and Multi Department Integrated Management Database of Water Environment in Ocean Basin

Xue, X., 2020. Key technologies of multi-objective and multi department integrated management database of water environment in ocean basin. In: Qiu, Y.; Zhu, H., and Fang, X. (eds.), Current Advancements in Marine and Coastal Research for Technological and Sociological Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 107, pp. 133-136. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the development and utilization of marine resources, the requirements for the integrated management of information and data of marine basin water environment are higher and higher, which makes the existing cross sector, single objective and discrete management form face severe challenges. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the general situation and demand of the research area of marine waters, then studies the design content and key technologies of the multi-objective and multi-department integrated management database of marine basins, and finally gives the design and implementation of the multi-objective and multi-department integrated management database of marine basins.

A systematic approach of determining compensation and allocation for river basin water environment based on total pollutants control

The compensation of upstream protective area should be determined carefully. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation framework for economic assessments on the treatment of wastewater discharged into a river basin. We explore the rational costs of compensation and the funding allocation in the Xin'an River basin based on rate agreements. The compensation is determined in accordance with the total compensation model based on the opportunity cost method and allocated by the method of information entropy. In this study, we identify the total compensation payment and distribution of funds in each district and county in the upstream area (Huangshan). Results show that the She county can receive the highest compensation, and the Tunxi district deserves the lowest compensation. In addition, this paper demonstrates that the existing compensation is insufficient for the reduction of water pollutants in the upstream area. Our findings contribute to the existing schemes of ecosystem services payment and improve the environmental decision-making.

Research of method for non-point source pollution load

With the increasingly prominent problem of non-point source pollution in river basin water environment, it has attracted people’s attention and become a hot field of international research. This paper summarizes the digital model of non-point source pollution, briefly sketches the simulation analysis method of non-point source pollution model, and introduces an increasingly sophisticated method-SWAT model combined with scenario analysis. The application of the author’s preliminary research in the Minjiang River Basin using the SWAT model and scenario analysis is described. Finally, the development prospect of non-point source pollution model is analyzed and predicted.

Evaluation of regional water resources carrying capacity based on binary index method and reduction index method

Based on the regional water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) evaluation principles and evaluation index system in the National Technical Outline of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Monitoring and Early Warning (hereafter referred to as the Technical Outline), this paper elaborates on the collection and sorting of the basic data of water resources conditions, water resources development and utilization status, social and economic development in basins, analysis and examination of integrity, consistency, normativeness, and rationality of the basic data, and the necessity of WRCC evaluation. This paper also describes the technique of evaluating the WRCC in prefecture-level cities and city-level administrative divisions in the District of the Taihu Lake Basin, which is composed of the Taihu Lake Basin and the Southeastern River Basin. The evaluation process combines the binary index evaluation method and reduction index evaluation method. The former, recommended by the Technical Outline, uses the total water use and the amount of exploited groundwater as evaluation indices, showing stronger operability, while the latter is developed by simplifying and optimizing the comprehensive index system with greater systematicness and completeness. The mutual validation and adjustment of the results of the above-mentioned two evaluation methods indicate that the WRCC of the District of the Taihu Lake Basin is overloaded in general because some prefecture-level cities and city-level administrative divisions in the Taihu Lake Basin and the Southeastern River Basin are in a severely overloaded state. In order to explain this conclusion, this paper analyzes the causes of WRCC overloading from the aspects of basin water environment, water resources development and utilization, water resources regulation and control ability, water resources utilization efficiency, and water resources management.

Big Data Platform of Provincial Key Basin’s Ecological Environment Information

The big data platform of basin ecological environment information is an important technical support for environmental protection management and emergency response to sudden environmental pollution incidents. Constructing a provincial platform for overall design idea, technical framework and route, the basin big data source library is formed through integrating the relevant basin water environment data based on WASP water contamination diffusion model. For a better understanding of the basin ecological environment information of the whole province, the platform strengthens the energy of monitoring, and establishes the foundation for analysis and early warning of the ecological environment.

流域水环境综合治理规划思路浅析

流域水环境综合治理规划思路浅析

Design and Implementation of the Water Environment Monitoring and Management System Based on WebGIS for the Four-Lake Basin of Hubei Province

The river network in the Four-lake Basin of Hubei Province is staggered with a complicated water system and is seriously disturbed by human activities. Therefore, the real-time monitoring and management of its water environment is of great significance to the sustainable development of the basin. As the application of WebGIS becoming increasingly extensive, applying WebGIS to the monitoring and management of basin water environment can satisfy the demands of various users, such as governmental departments, general users, and researchers in the context of increasingly-prominent water environment problems in the basin. The WebGIS technology has utilized to realize the functions of displaying, spatially querying and analyzing water environment basic information such as hydrology, water quality, meteorology and natural reserves in the Four-lake Basin. Users can easily access and obtain relevant real-time dynamic information through the browser for spatial analysis, such as the assessment of water eutrophication and the diffusion analysis of wastewater pollutants.

Comprehensive risk assessment of the Luojiang River basin water environment in Western Guangdong Province

Comprehensive risk assessment of the Luojiang River basin water environment in Western Guangdong Province

경기도 신천 및 유입지천의 오염특성 평가

he objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Sincheon basin water environment system. The data were collected from 2010 August to 2016 December including BOD, SS, T-N, T-P. The results were as followed. As the result of comparing the amount of BOD generated by pollution sources in the Sincheon water system, industrial was the highest at 33,259.4 kg/day. In comparison with the tributary, it was estimated that Dong-Du water system reveals the highest level of BOD in the industry. Population and livestock was high in CheongDam and Sang-Pae water system. With the inflow stream of Hyo-Chon, Suk-Woo and Sang-Pae, the pollution degree of BOD and T-N level of Sincheon increased and pollution degree of tributary was higher than that of Sincheon's main stream. The main reason of pollutant of Suk-Woo was from untreated wastewater, and it influenced downstream of Suk-Woo. Hyo-Chon stream satisfy the water quality standard, but Zn was designated as a Monitoring contaminants, was high as 14.670 mg/L (standard 0.02~2.45mg/L)because of textile wastewater. And Sang-Pae stream was polluted by livestock wastewater of livestock farms as a nonpoint source.

A new comprehensive ecological risk index for risk assessment on Luanhe River, China.

With the enhancement of human activities which influence the physical and chemical integrity of ecosystem, it was bound to increase ecological risk to the ecosystem, and the risk assessment of small scale, single pollutant, or only on water quality have been not satisfied the demand of sustainable development of basin water environment. Based on the response relationship between environmental flow requirements guarantee ratio (GEF) and river ecological risk index (ERI), the Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient index (SQG-Q), and the Biotic Index (BI), we construct a new comprehensive ecological risk index (CERI) to evaluate the ecological risk of Luanhe River, China. According to the response relationship between GEF and ERI, upper and lower reaches of Luanhe River (Goutaizi to Hanjiaying) were at moderate risk level (0.41<ERI<0.56) in dry season, and all sites were at low risk level (ERI<0.40) in wet season; considering the contribution of heavy metals contamination in the SQG-Q, the Luanhe River was the most influenced by higher levels of heavy metals in dry season and wet season; when this index was applied to the PAHs levels, only 30 and 20% of the sampling sites appeared to be moderately impacted (0.1<SQG-Q PAHs<0.5) by the PAHs in dry season and wet season, respectively. The results of BI showed that half of the sites appeared to be at moderately polluted level (50% of the sites, 0.25<BI<0.32) and heavily polluted level (Zhangbaiwan, BI=0.36) in dry season, and 40% of the sites appeared to be at moderately polluted level (0.26<BI<0.29) in wet season. The CERI showed that 70 and 30% of the sites were at moderate risk level in dry season (0.25<CERI<0.36) and wet season (0.26<CERI<0.29), respectively. The results could give insight into risk assessment of water environment and decision-making for water source security.

Applicability evaluation of the SWIM at river basins of the black soil region in Northeast China: A case study of the upper and middle Wuyuer River basin

In this paper, we selected the middle and upper reaches of the Wuyuer River basin in the black soil region of Northeast China as the study area. We adopted the soil and water integrated model (SWIM) and evaluated the parameter sensitivity using partial correlation coefficient. We calibrated and validated our simulation results based on the daily runoff data from Yi’an hydrological station at the outlet of the river basin and the evaporation data recorded by various weather stations from 1961 to 1997. Following evaluation of the modeling data against the observed data, we present the applicability of SWIM in the river basin of the black soil region, and discuss the resulting errors and their probable causes. Results show that in the periods of calibration and validation, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of the monthly and daily runoffs were not less than 0.71 and 0.55, and the relative errors were less than 6.0%. Compared to daily runoffs, the simulation result of monthly runoffs was better. Additionally, the NSE coefficients of the potential monthly evaporation were not less than 0.81. Together, the results suggest that the calibrated SWIM can be utilized in various simulation analyses of runoffs on a monthly scale in the black soil region of Northeast China. On the contrary, the model had some limitations in simulating runoffs from snowmelt and frozen soil. Meanwhile, the stimulation data deviated from the measured data largely when applied to the years with spring and summer floods. The simulated annual runoffs were considerably higher than the measured data in the years with abrupt increases in annual precipitation. However, the model is capable of reproducing the changes in runoffs during flood seasons. In summary, this model can provide fundamental hydrological information for comprehensive management of the Wuyuer River basin water environment, and its application can be potentially extended to other river basins in the black soil region.

Research on the water environment capacity of Qingyi River (Xuchang Section) with GIS technology

Water environment capacity calculation is the foundation of basin environment management. Due to lack of basic materials and data, the water environment capacity in small basin was not massively researched with appropriate calculating method. This paper mentioned a water capacity calculating method suitable for environment management. The method was based on the study of Xuchang Section of Qingyi River and described with details as follows: Xuchang Section was divided into four control units with GIS technology. The river pollution loads of non-point source pollutants from farmland runoff, rural life, livestock and poultry were calculated with the in-site and statistical data of pollution resource. Meanwhile the calculated river pollution loads of non-point / point source pollutants were statistically analyzed on the basis of control units. Then a water quality module was tested and verified, in which the predicted value tallied with the measured value. The parameter of this water quality module corresponds to the in-site data within relative error ±14%. This module was used to estimate and calculate water environment capacity. With this module the available water environment capacity of each control unit and pollutant reduction amount can be earned through deducting the river pollutant load of point pollutant. The results showed that the utilized method in this paper can satisfy the requirement for the calculating accuracy of small basin water environment capacity.

Study on the ecological compensation standard for river basin water environment based on total pollutants control

The method used to calculate ecological compensation remains an important but difficult issue in current studies of ecological compensation. In this study, we used the ecological compensation method to examine the natural, social, and economic interactions between ecological and economic systems at the administrative level and between upstream and downstream areas in a river basin, with the aim of capacity control in the total amount of pollutants discharged. We used the information entropy method to build the total pollutant allocation model, in which we included a range of indexes that reflected regional heterogeneity in factors such as population, economic structure, production level, pollution control, and the water environment. The relationship between the capital invested and the quantity of pollutants discharged was used to calculate the unit value of the pollutants, from which we constructed a quantitative model of ecological compensation standard for river basin water environment based on total pollutants control. We used the Xiao Honghe River Basin, China, as a case study, and calculated the ecological compensation values of the water environment from 2008 to 2012 with chemical oxygen demand (COD) as the main pollution evaluation index. From the upper to lower reaches, the compensation value gradually decreased while it gradually increased in terms of time scale. This study provides a valid approach that can be applied to develop a long-term effective mechanism for protecting river basin ecology and improving the system of ecological compensation in river basins.

Globalisation and environmental health in China

As one of the most rapidly growing countries and the largest energy consumer in the world, environmental pollution in China, including that of air, water, and land, puts its people at risk of many acute and chronic diseases. 1 Chen Z Wang JN Ma GX Zhang YS China tackles the health effects of air pollution. Lancet. 2013; 382: 1959-1960 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (292) Google Scholar , 2 Zhang J Mauzerall DL Zhu T Liang S Ezzati M Remais JV Environmental health in China: progress towards clean air and safe water. Lancet. 2010; 375: 1110-1119 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (339) Google Scholar Recent reports that more than half of China's groundwater is polluted, and of so-called cancer villages where increased incidence of cancer might be due to industrially polluted water along the Huai river, have sparked public outcries. 3 Yang G Zhuang D Atlas of the Huai river basin water environment: digestive cancer mortality. Springer Science and Business, Dordrecht2014 Crossref Google Scholar In today's global economy, products are manufactured and traded around the world. In the context of this increasing globalisation, measurable amounts of pollutants from China are spreading overseas via both natural and human means, resulting in substantial global health concerns.

다변량 분석법을 이용한 섬진강 수계의 수질 특성 연구

The objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Sumjin River Basin water environment system. It was necessary to improve the water quality. The data were collected from 2010 January to 2012 December including Water Temperature, pH, DO, EC, <TEX>$BOD_5$</TEX>, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P. The data were used to study were required to; Correlation Analysis; Principle Component Analysis; Factor Analysis. The results were as followed. According to correlation analysis on <TEX>$BOD_5$</TEX> against COD, TOC it revealed that the each value of correlation coefficient were 0.715 and 0.719; this means the strength of the relationship is strong. The same analysis on T-P against <TEX>$BOD_5$</TEX>, COD, TOC, SS has revealed that the range of the correlation coefficient value fell between 0.482 and 0.608 which means strength of the relationship between them remained normal. Through correlation analysis, it has been found that all elements except T-N have high correlation. The results of principal component analysis to target the overall water quality was extracted to three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 68.990%. In the case of seasonal water quality, Spring and Summer are extracted to each of four main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 81.515% and 73.550% respectively. Fall and Winter are extracted to each of three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 65.072% and 72.721% respectively. There is no seasonality in the case of factor analysis. The first common factor is <TEX>$BOD_5$</TEX>, COD, TOC, SS, T-P, which were classified. Totally speaking, Sumjin River Basin water system gets highly affected by the nutrient salts, organic matter and suspended solid at the same time.

Synergistic using medium-resolution and high-resolution remote sensing imagery to extract impervious surface for Dianci Basin

The knowledge of impervious surfaces, especially the magnitude, location, geometry, spatial pattern of impervious surfaces, is significant to urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning and resource management.Impervious surface area (ISA) is considered a key indicator of environmental quality and can be used to address complex urban environmental issues, particularly those related to the health of urban watersheds. ISA is also an indicator of non-point source pollution or polluted runoff. Remote sensing offers a consistent framework for representing spatial patterns and rates of urbanization over time through accurate observations of impervious surface area. Most of the existing methods of extracting impervious surface based on remote sensing concentrate on an urban scale, but the rapid and accurate methods of extracting impervious surfaces in a basin scale are nearly nonexistent in China and abroad. In recent years,with the rapid urbanization especially surrounding the Dianchi water body, the impervious surface coverage rate also grows rapidly and results in severe degradation of basin water environment within Dianchi watershed. In this study, we developed an approach to extract impervious surface for Dianci Basin by synergistic using medium-resolution and high-resolution remote sensing imagery. Subpixel percent impervious surfaces at Thematic Mapper (TM) images were mapped using the classification and regression tree(CART) algorithm. Sub-pixel impervious surfaces at 30m resolution were mapped in this study area through regression tree models. The estimated ISA results were evaluated through independent ISA reference data derived from high resolution QuickBird. The results prove the suitability of the approach for a widely automated and mapping of impervious surfaces in a basin scale.