Basic Training Research Articles

A Literature Review of the Educational Gaps and Needs in Migraine Management: An Asian Perspective Within a Global Context.

Migraine is a common neurological disorder that presents considerable challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. These changes are especially relevant in rapidly developing regions such as Asia, with an increasingly productive population and ongoing advancements in healthcare systems and infrastructure. Despite its substantial impact, migraine management remains inadequate, potentially due to deficiencies in medical education. We hypothesized that significant gaps in basic and advanced medical training and continuing professional education contribute to the suboptimal management of migraine in various healthcare settings across Asia. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google databases. The search focused on cross-sectional studies published in English from inception until September 2024 that examined educational needs among medical trainees and clinicians and clinical gaps in migraine management in Asia. These studies were then contextualized within a global perspective. The review identified significant shortcomings in migraine education at all levels of educational training in Asia, which also translated to poor management of migraines in clinical practice. Undergraduate medical curricula in Asia inadequately address headache disorders, while postgraduate training programs provide insufficient guidance in headache management, especially for complex cases. Primary care clinicians exhibited variable levels of understanding and frequently incorrectly diagnosed and managed migraine.Additionally, many Asian countries lack standardized clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and specialized training programs for headache management. A multidimensional approach is required to tackle the pre-existing educational and clinical practice limitations. The approach should include improving the medical school curriculum, providing focused continuing medical education programs or developing migraine modules for primary care physicians (PCPs), and developing region-specific CPGs. Besides educational initiatives, integrating and coordinating systems of care, where primary and specialist services complement each other, are crucial for improving patient care. Robust education combined with comprehensive referral and linkage protocols ensures continuity of care across healthcare levels. Moreover, collaboration, communication, and cooperation among healthcare providers (HCPs) and organizations are vital to enhancing the quality of life and productivity of migraine patients in the region.A synergistic approach that combines robust collaboration with innovative educational delivery can catalyze the widespread adoption of evidence-based medicine (EBM).

Immersive learning in medical education: analyzing behavioral insights to shape the future of VR-based courses

BackgroundThe emergence of virtual reality (VR) for medical education enables a range of new teaching opportunities. Skills and competences can be trained that cannot be demonstrated in any other way due to physical or ethical limitations. Immersion and presence may play an important role for learning in this context. This study investigates whether this VR-based, immersive software is an effective tool for assessing medical learning objectives by comparing behavioral outcomes in VR and actor-based simulations, and examines how these behaviors relate to immersion levels and their impact on learning success.MethodsTo evaluate the effectiveness of the new teaching method, objective behavioral outcomes were identified as part of a dermatological learning unit and VR as a method was compared with actor-based simulation training. In addition, subjective questionnaires were collected to compare the levels of immersion in both concepts.ResultsIt was shown that primary learning objectives can be addressed well in VR. However, secondary learning objectives that fall into the field of basic skills seem to be delivered better in the actor-based training than in VR. This appears to be an effect of weaker immersion measured in VR training.ConclusionsIt can be said that the implementation of basic skills training depends largely on the level of immersion in the teaching method used. While primary learning subjectives can be trained and assessed well, at present, it does not appear to be fully possible to train secondary skills with the technical status quo in VR. However, the observation of secondary learning objectives can serve as an indicator for the assessment of immersion in the future.

Penguatan Organisasi Pecinta Alam (Green Campus) Melalui Diklatsar

Organization is a process of identifying, forming, team working, defining and delegating authority, responsibility and establishing relationships with the aim of enabling people to work together effectively towards set goals. Strengthening the organization is one of the goals of forming members who have knowledge, skills and mentality in accordance with the vision and mission of Green Campus organization. Training is the first step to provide an in-depth understanding of the values, culture and basic skills needed by members of an organization. One of effective way to improve the quality and capacity of human resources in an organization is through basic education and basic training. In training, new members are trained to understand the roles, responsibilities, technical and non-technical skills that are relevant to the organization's goals. Thus training is not just technical training, but also a process of mental strengthening, emotional and intellectual strength of its members. Through this activity, it can make the members of organizations become competent, professional and have high integrity, so that they are able to face future challenges more prepared and confident. The method used in implementing this community service consists of three stages, namely: planning, implementing mentoring, and evaluating the results of mentoring. In this community service activity there were 10 participants. In this evaluation there are four aspects namely: (1) Usefulness, (2) Understandability, (3) Strengthening methods, and (4) Suitability. So, it can be concluded that this activity really hit the targets or participants as shown by the evaluation results with an average score is very good (86.20%), and good (13.80%).

Peran Kegiatan Kursus Pembina Pramuka Mahir Tingkat Dasar (KMD) dalam membentuk karakter generasi muda

This research aims to determine the role of the Basic Level Scout Training Course (KMD) in shaping the character of Indonesia's young generation. Using a qualitative approach and literature study, this research highlights that KMD is not just a technical scouting course, but is also a concrete vehicle for the holistic character formation of participants. KMD integrates human values, unity, deliberation and social justice through various activities such as ceremonies, discussions and community service. The research results show that KMD is able to produce a young generation who is not only proficient in the field of scouting, but also ready to face various challenges in the future. In this context, research proposes increasing the integration of character values in KMD material as well as increasing aspects of personal guidance to ensure holistic growth. The ultimate goal of KMD is to produce scout leaders who are open to input, active in outdoor learning and coaching, work cohesively in groups, and have a positive orientation in all activities.

Pengenalan Wirausaha Sejak Dini dan Aplikasi Dompet Digital terhadap Generasi Alpha Desa Kepayang, Kecamatan Anjongan, Kabupaten Mempawah, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

This Community Service Program (KKM-PKM) aims to introduce early entrepreneurship and the use of digital wallet applications to Generation Alpha in Kepayang Village. With the rapid advancement of technology and changing patterns in economic behavior, it is crucial for young generations, especially Generation Alpha, to understand entrepreneurship and financial technology skills, such as digital wallets, which are increasingly relevant in daily life. Through an interactive and practical educational approach, this activity involved elementary school students in Kepayang Village. The program included basic entrepreneurship training, covering identifying business opportunities, simple financial management, and simulations of using digital wallet applications like OVO, GoPay, and Dana. The program's results showed high enthusiasm from the participants and an increased understanding of the importance of entrepreneurship and digital wallets in everyday life. It is hoped that this initiative will equip Generation Alpha with relevant skills to face future economic challenges.

Research on Competency Optimization Path of Physical Education Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools under the Background of "Double Reduction" Policy

The competence of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools is a comprehensive evaluation standard to measure whether physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools can complete their work efficiently and produce excellent performance. Under the background of the "double reduction" policy, physical education in primary and secondary schools puts forward new requirements on teachers' competency from the aspects of education service consciousness, work initiative, teacher continuing education, psychological state adjustment, etc. In order to cope with the changes brought about by the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, this study proposes a six-dimensional optimization path for physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools, including: Strengthening the professional knowledge training of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools; Pay attention to the training of PE teachers' professional skills; Promoting the improvement of the teaching ability of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools; Strengthen the basic professional quality training of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools; Strengthen the construction of social adaptability of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools; Improving the sustainable innovation ability of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools. In order to provide reference for the personal development and better work of primary and secondary school physical education teachers.

Structure and content of special physical training for lower acrobats taking into account the requirements of the chosen role at the stage of preliminary basic training

Structure and content of special physical training for lower acrobats taking into account the requirements of the chosen role at the stage of preliminary basic training

Impact of integration of transferable skills into education and training on employability of women in Kenya: case for CAPYEI

Purpose This study evaluated a programme, CAP Youth Empowerment Institute (CAPYEI) that uses Basic Employability Skills Training (BEST) model to contribute the evidence and generate lessons on the type of skills needed to enhance women economic empowerment. The purpose of the study is to generate evidence of what works in women skill acquisition and employability in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a mixed research design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches to conduct an impact evaluation of the CAP YEI training programme on the employability and entrepreneurship of women and girls in Kenya. The design allows for the consideration of two groups: treatment and control groups thus allowing for a clear comparison of outcomes between those who received the training (treatment group) and those who did not (control group). Project evaluation data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Given that the study was conducted post evaluation, it did not have baseline survey data, therefore an ex post baseline evaluation using a retrospective approach was computed. In the absence of a true baseline, the questionnaire was tailored to allow beneficiary recall. A key design consideration of impact evaluation study was the identification of a valid control group that could generate a suitable counterfactual outcome. Findings The results indicate positive self-evaluation on most of the selected soft skills. For instance, over 80% of both the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries indicated that they possessed communication, teamwork, interpersonal, decision-making, prioritization, assertiveness and negotiation skills, whereas 58 % and 63 % of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, respectively, indicating that they possessed information and communication technology (ICT) skills. Results indicate that skills development improves chances of employment among the target group and especially women. The results indicate that addressing gender inequality requires targeted interventions. The targeted interventions could be aimed at ensuring that women and girls are empowered to compete favourable with men and boys in the labour market. Research limitations/implications This study was an evaluative study of the impact of an intervention in a single case study. This means while the findings of the study are relevant to policy and practice, they cannot be generalized to a broader populace. The absence of base-line data rendered the use of comparative data impossible. Data generated through self-reported assessment of intervention impacts are prone to responder biases, which may raise questions about the validity of the findings. Practical implications This study recommends integration of transferable skills training in teaching and training institutions to enhance competitiveness, employability and entrepreneurship chances of the graduates in the labour market. The study is significant in informing policy direction in Kenya. Originality/value This study evaluated a model of integrating transferable skills into a young women training programme and evaluated its impacts with a view of documenting what works for women employability. This case is a unique one in the country specific context.

Civil protection and disaster medicine-Options for basic and advanced training

The current security situation, both in terms of domestic and foreign politics, continues to pose amajor challenge for Germany and it is therefore important to prepare the healthcare system for this. In the context of catastrophes based, e.g., on violence, terror, crisis or war, it will be unavoidable to have to treat alarge number of injured and wounded casualties. The need for surgical treatment will always play acentral role in this context, so that it is imperative that our hospitals and clinics are prepared in this respect. In addition to the general training content in aclinical context, there is aparticular need for content that addresses nonroutine aspects, such as gunshot and blast injuries and also provides organizational and strategic recommendations for action. The Academy of Trauma Surgery (AUC) of the German Society for Trauma Surgery is acentral and important partner for the German healthcare system and shows how such content, also based on structural advantages such as the TraumaNetworks DGU®, can be successfully communicated.

Gastric ultrasound performance time and difficulty: a prospective observational study.

Point-of-care gastric ultrasound is an emerging tool in peri-operative practice. However, data on the technical challenges of gastric ultrasound, which are essential for optimised training, remain scarce. We analysed gastric ultrasound examinations performed after basic training to identify factors associated with difficulty. This was an analysis of data from a prospective observational study evaluating the potential impact of routine pre-operative gastric ultrasound on peri-operative management in adult patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery at a single centre. Before initiation, physicians received extensive structured training with at least 30 supervised gastric sonograms before independent practice. We then used regression models to identify factors associated with deviation from a predefined sonography algorithm, performance time and scan difficulty. Seventy-three trained physicians performed 2003 ultrasound scans. Median (IQR [range]) performance time was 5 (4-6 [1-20]) min, which was achieved after 20-27 scans following structured training. Patient characteristics associated with more difficult and longer duration scans were: increase in BMI per 5 kg.m-2 (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.57 (1.35-1.83), p < 0.001 for difficulty and percentage change coefficient (95%CI) 1.03 (1.02-1.05), p < 0.001 for duration); and male sex (odds ratio (95%CI) 3.31 (2.28-4.88), p < 0.001 for difficulty and percentage change coefficient (95%CI) 1.08 (1.04-1.12), p < 0.001, for duration). Trauma surgery (odds ratio (95%CI) 3.26 (1.88-5.68), p < 0.001), ASA physical status of 3 or 4 (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.86 (1.21-2.88), p = 0.0049) and emergency surgery (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.86 (1.20-2.89), p = 0.006) were associated with deviation from the predefined sonography algorithm. Approximately 50 scans are required to achieve a baseline performance of 5 min per gastric ultrasound. Future training programmes should focus on patients with obesity, male sex, higher ASA physical status and trauma.

Augmented reality for basic skills training in laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology in medical education, particularly in training basic laparoscopic skills. Despite its growing applications, the effectiveness of AR in this specific domain remains underexplored, with a lack of standardized assessment frameworks and inconsistent methodologies across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AR in laparoscopic basic skills training for medical students and junior physicians. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were selected based on their focus on AR applications in laparoscopic training, involving both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies. Inclusion criteria focused on medical students and novice surgeons, assessing educational outcomes such as Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) Global, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) Global, OSATS Specific, Training Time, and Subjective Workload. A total of 12 studies involving 434 participants met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that AR technology significantly improved educational outcomes, with participants achieving higher GOALS and OSATS scores. Specifically, the mean difference for GOALS scores was 2.40 points (95% CI [1.30, 3.50], p < 0.001) and for OSATS scores, 7.71 points (95% CI [3.39, 12.03], p < 0.001). Additionally, AR-assisted training showed a reduction in subjective workload, with a mean decrease of 2.95 points (95% CI [- 4.95, - 0.95], p = 0.003). The findings indicate that AR significantly enhances laparoscopic training outcomes, facilitating improved technical skills, efficiency, and learner independence. However, variability in study designs and outcomes limits generalizability. Future research should focus on standardize AR training protocols and evaluate long-term effectiveness to fully leverage AR's potential in surgical education.

Basic Trauma Cardiac Life Support Training Management on Senior High School Students

Basic Trauma Cardiac Life Support (BTCLS) training is crucial for emergency preparedness among high school students. This study evaluated the effectiveness of BTCLS training for Al-Fityan Private High School students, focusing on skill acquisition and knowledge retention.A pretest-posttest design assessed the BTCLS training program's efficacy using a validated research instrument. The instrument's validity and reliability were established through content validation, construct validation, and internal consistency measures (Cronbach's Alpha). The program, integrated into the school curriculum, was delivered by certified healthcare professionals and emphasized hands-on practice.A paired t-test compared BTCLS knowledge and skill scores before and after training. Results showed statistically significant improvement from pretest (M = X, SD = Y) to posttest (M = X', SD = Y'); t(df) = t-value, p &lt; 0.05. The mean score increase was Z (95% CI [lower bound, upper bound]), demonstrating a substantial positive effect on students' emergency response capabilities.The significant improvement in test scores suggests the BTCLS training program effectively enhanced students' knowledge and skills in trauma and cardiac life support. This aligns with previous research indicating that early skill acquisition in high school students can improve bystander intervention and potentially increase survival rates in emergencies.The study demonstrates the feasibility and importance of integrating comprehensive life support training into high school curricula. Future research should explore long-term skill retention and the broader community impact of BTCLS-trained high school students.

Abstract Su1105: Healthcare Students' Attitudes on Adult Basic Life Support Training via Virtual Reality: An Exploratory Study

Introduction: Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) is a crucial skill for healthcare professionals. In recent years, the use of immersive technology, such as virtual reality (VR), has increased in educational research projects. However, published data have yet to show significant advantages over traditional methods for BLS education. Research Question: Does providing adult BLS content through VR fit the new generation of healthcare students? Goal: To assess student perspectives after a novel BLS educational program involving an interactive 360° VR environment. Methods: In June 2024, the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Maribor (Maribor, Slovenia) hosted 24 healthcare students from the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, USA) for an interactive 360° video-based VR adult BLS training session. The training employed Meta Quest 3 headsets (California, USA), featuring an adult BLS scenario developed by the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Maribor called InTECHiE360. After the VR training, the students completed a 21-question Likert scale questionnaire to evaluate their experiences, with a rating of 1 indicating "totally agree", and a rating of 7 indicating "totally disagree". Prior to the study, participants provided written consent, and data were collected anonymously to ensure confidentiality. Results: A total of 21 participants, with a mean age of 20 years (SD±0.7), took part in our study. The majority were female (17/21; 81%) and medical students (12/21; 57%). Most participants (16/21; 76%) had previously used VR, primarily for recreational gaming, rather than for educational purposes. The participants strongly agreed that the VR experience made them feel physically present in the adult BLS training session (mean score 1.9; SD±0.8), was realistic (mean score 2.0; SD±0.9) and provided a better learning experience compared to traditional lectures (mean score 1.5; SD±1.0). They also felt that they learned something new about adult BLS through the VR training (mean score 1.6; SD±1.1) and that adult BLS content was well presented in VR (mean score 1.4; SD±0.6). None of the participants experienced cybersickness, such as nausea or dizziness, and all of them would recommend this VR experience. Conclusion: We developed an interactive, immersive, evidence-based educational tool with a low risk of cybersickness, designed to appeal to the current generation of healthcare students and enhance their cognitive, behavioral, and affective learning outcomes.

Recommendations for the training and practice of fetal cardiology from the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology.

Prenatal detection of cardiac abnormalities has increased significantly over the past few decades, such that fetal cardiology has developed into a sub-specialty of paediatric and congenital cardiology. As this speciality develops further and extends across Europe and more globally, it is important to standardize the requirements for training and subsequent practice, to optimize prenatal diagnosis and perinatal care. In addition to the knowledge and technical skills required to make a correct diagnosis, the counseling of families after diagnosis and the planning of appropriate perinatal management is equally important. The aim of these recommendations is to provide a framework for both basic and advanced training for paediatric cardiologists wishing to practice as fetal cardiologists, as well as highlighting requisites for a fetal cardiology service. All aspects regarding training in fetal cardiology and service provision are addressed including diagnosis, counseling and management.

Go Your Own Way

In this panel, we share insights from LSE100 (London School of Economics) and Leading in a Post-Crisis World (University of Sydney Business School). These multidisciplinary programs engage students in collaborative problem-solving across diverse backgrounds and skill sets. Our challenge lies in integrating these varied perspectives into a cohesive classroom experience. To address this, we employ digitally enhanced practices, including media-rich course materials and a flipped lecture structure. These approaches connect students across disciplines, allowing them to select content relevant to their learning goals. Additionally, we explore video and digital storytelling as assessment tools, fostering student confidence in emerging technologies. Attendees will witness embedded video technology examples and receive basic training for digital storytelling using accessible tools like smartphones. We argue that these tools can be used by a variety of educators and will demonstrate easy ways to bring them into a program of study.

Susun Kata Tingkatkan Literasi: Pelatihan Kreatif bagi Anak-Anak Kampung Onggatmit

The quality of education in Indonesia is still low, one of the causes is the low ability to read, in this case reading literacy and critical thinking skills, especially in children. This is based on data that Papua Province ranks last with a score of 19.90 which shows a very low category. Onggatmit Village is one of the villages in Merauke, South Papua Province with many children who are still unable to read and even recognize letters and numbers. Basic literacy needs to be applied early in primary school-age children when brain development can still be shaped. Due to conditions that cannot gain knowledge in school, one of the activities that can be done to improve basic literacy is to conduct basic literacy training for children in Onggatmit Village with word stacking games. This service activity was carried out in four stages, namely survey, socialization, training and monitoring. The results of this service activity run smoothly and can improve basic literacy skills carried out with word stacking games for children in Onggatmit Village.

Response to Ho Dah-an

Ho Dah-an’s 2016 review of our book Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction (2014) contains little discussion of the book’s main themes or proposals: he focuses instead on “errors” which, according to him, “reflect the outdated concepts of the authors and the insufficiency of their basic training.” In this response to Ho’s review, we consider his discussion of these “errors.” On two points (discussed below), he has actually found errors (a faulty interpretation of an entry in the Shuōwén jiězì and one incorrect citation), which we are glad to be able to correct. Neither materially affects our conclusions. The other “errors” that Ho mentions are not errors at all: in most cases they reflect basic misunderstandings on Ho’s part: of our book, of other sources, and of basic principles of historical linguistics. Since some of these misunderstandings relate to general issues in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, we attempt here to correct these misunderstandings in order to set the record straight.

The Development of Normative Fitness Data and Analyzing the Relationships Between 20MSFT and 2.4-km Run Performance in Australian Police Recruits.

Campbell, P, Maupin, D, Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Simas, V, Canetti, E, Schram, B, and Orr, R. The development of normative fitness data and analyzing the relationships between 20MSFT and 2.4-km run performance in Australian police recruits. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): 1951-1958, 2024-Aerobic fitness testing plays a significant role in the academy training of law enforcement recruits. There is a lack of normative data for law enforcement recruits and substantial interchangeability for choice of field-based aerobic tests. Therefore, this study aimed to develop normative percentile rankings for the 20-m multistage fitness tests (20MSFT) and 2.4-km run specific to law enforcement recruits; and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests by linear regression. Data from 5 cohorts of law enforcement recruits completing 20MSFT ( n = 1,536) and 2.4-km run ( n = 1,499) testing during basic training at an Australian Police Academy were retrospectively analyzed. Percentile ranks were calculated (20th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 80th, and 99th) based on the number of shuttles completed and time (seconds) to complete the 2.4-km run. Results were split by sex and age (i.e., <20 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-49 years). Linear regression analyzed the relationship between the 20MSFT to the 2.4-km run (using both seconds and km·h -1 ), producing predictive equations to translate scores between the 2 assessments. These data presented the first detailed normative values by age and sex for Australian law enforcement recruits. Furthermore, the results demonstrated regression models could explain 65-74% of the variance observed ( r2 = 0.649-0.741) between 20MSFT performance and 2.4-km run performance. This study's findings allow for normative performance for the purpose of benchmarking fitness, setting performance goal, and rehabilitation from injury. In addition, a valid conversion through a linear regression affords cross-agency comparisons and temporal changes in test selection/recruit cohorts.

Prospective study on comparison of simulation-based mastery learning versus conventional apprentice-based learning for basic endoscopy training.

The simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) method holds promise for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of endoscopy training. However, further study is required to establish its advantages over the traditional method. We aim to prospectively compare outcomes between gastrointestinal endoscopy trainees taught using SBML and those trained using conventional apprenticeship methods for upper endoscopy. We performed a blinded, stepwise, comparative study with SBML participants deliberately practicing deconstructed steps of upper endoscopy and apprenticeship participants observing procedures. Three blinded trainers assessed trainees' skills using a validated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) tool pre-and post-training. The minimum pass standard (MPS) was set at a score>2. We compared MPS of the groups using standard statistics and paired t-test. Six trainees were enrolled in the SBML group, and six in the conventional group. All trainees in the SBML group passed the minimum standard compared with the conventional group (P=0.06). All trainees in the SBML group obtained significantly higher scores in overall basic GI endoscopic skills, esophageal, stomach, and duodenal observation skills than those of the conventional apprenticeship group (P<0.05). The SBML curriculum led to three times more learning (Cohen's d=6.5) than the conventional method (Cohen's d=1.8). This prospective study supports SBML for upper endoscopy training compared with the traditional apprentice-based method. SBML resulted in a steeper learning curve, as trainees learned three times more during the same period. Furthermore, trainees developed a uniform competency level at the end of training.

Virtual reality-based simulation improves rotator cuff repair skill: A randomized transfer validity study

BackgroundAlthough virtual reality (VR) simulators have demonstrated their efficiency for basic technical skill training of healthcare professionals, validation for more complex and sequential procedures, especially in arthroscopic surgery, is still warranted. We hypothesized that the VR-based training simulation improves arthroscopic cuff repair skills when transferred to realistic visual and haptic conditions. HypothesisVR-based training simulation improves arthroscopic cuff repair skills when transferred to realistic visual and haptic conditions. Study designThis study is prospective, multicentric and randomized. MethodsThirty orthopedic surgery residents were enrolled in the study and randomized in two groups: VR training (VR+) and no VR training (VR−). Only the VR+ group underwent a monthly VR-based training program for rotator cuff repair. The 1-h VR training sessions were standardized and supervised by the same instructor. After six months, all participants performed a double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair procedure on a benchtop shoulder model providing realistic visual and haptic conditions with implants. Two independent surgeons with expertise in shoulder repair and blinded to the randomization rated the participants' performance using the Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET). ResultsDemographic characteristics and surgical experience were comparable between the two groups. The ASSET global rating score was higher in the VR+ group than in the VR- group (34.4 ± 3.1 and 30.5 ± 5.7, respectively; p = 0.046) and the VR+ group performed the procedure faster than the VR- group (27.3 ± 3.6 vs. 31.7 ± 0.4 min, respectively; p = 0.003). DiscussionThis study demonstrated that a monthly VR-based program for 6 months was better than standard peer training alone for mastering a complex and sequential rotator cuff repair when using the validated ASSET Score. Overall, nonspecific arthroscopic skills were also higher in the VR+ group. Level of evidenceII, therapeutic study.