Basic Design Requirements Research Articles

Agri-Solar Water Pumping design, energy, and environmental analysis: A comprehensive study in Tropical Humid climate

Agrivoltaics is an innovative approach where solar energy, water, land and biodiversity are integrated into the same area to maximize resource utilization for sustainable development, also known as Agrivoltaism. The combination of solar water pumping and agri-solar has led to the development of a new generation of irrigation systems that are highly sustainable and efficient. Agri-solar water pumping can irrigate crops, feed livestock, clean solar modules, cool the PV system, generate energy, store water, and provide community drinking water. This paper addresses the basic design and capacity requirements of solar water pumping systems for irrigating a 0.5-hectare Agrivoltaics system in Kuala Lumpur. The SISIFO tool has been used to simulate the Agri-solar water pumping performance for tropical humid climatic conditions. The various parameters like site details, climate data, type of PV modules, DC pump -motor and converters are used as input data to evaluate the energy yield parameters (output energy in DC and AC form), hydraulic parameters (volume of water pumped), loss parameters (capture and system losses) and efficiency parameters (performance of the system). Lettuce was chosen as it is fast growing with good yield per hectare. Based on the result, a detailed analysis of the agrivoltaic lettuce plant is performed. A detailed analysis of the solar resource assessment, system design, Key performance indicators, loss analysis and environmental analysis of the Agri-solar water pumping has been carried out. Considering their specific climatic conditions, this can significantly assist policymakers in selecting the optimal solar pumping station for agrivoltaic plants. The importance of considering various factors when choosing a solar pumping station for agrivoltaics is also highlighted

The Significance of Big Data to the Design and Transformation of Rural Art Space

In the rapid development of the theory of big data technology, people in the pursuit of the unique beauty of natural landscape at the same time, the design and transformation of rural art space put forward higher requirements, research scholars in the practice of research, the use of big data information transmission can be more intuitive expression of the pattern of people and landscape. According to the transformation of rural art space design in recent years, rural space, as a basic component of environmental landscape design, has begun to develop towards the direction of diversification, multi-level and digitalization under the influence of big data technology theory. Based on the understanding of the research status of big data technology, according to the basic requirements of rural art space design and transformation, this paper deeply discusses the practical significance of big data for rural art space design and transformation, in order to provide technical support for the creation of high-quality natural landscape in the new era.

Switched Reluctance Motor Design and Optimization

In the field of electric vehicle engineering, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) are progressively drawing the attention of developers for their streamlined structural design, superior torque output, economical cost-benefit, and excellent energy efficiency ratios. This paper takes a four-phase 8/6-pole switched reluctance motor as an example, with a rated power of 7.5Kw and a rated speed of 1500r/min. According to the basic design requirements of the SRM, the SRM parameter design flow is designed, and a Matlab calculation program is written for the preliminary calculation of the SRM parameters, and the detailed design of its motor structural parameters is carried out. After that, the stator and rotor pole arc coefficients of the SRM are parametrically analyzed using Maxwell2D tool according to the design experience, and the optimal stator and rotor pole arc coefficients are selected. The simulation results show that the design optimization scheme can effectively reduce the SRM torque pulsation.

Choice of Nanoparticles for Theranostics Engineering: Surface Coating to Nanovalves Approach.

Surface engineered nanoparticles (metallic and nonmetallic) have gained tremendous attention for precise imaging and therapeutics of cell/tumors at molecular and anatomic levels. These tiny agents have shown their specific physicochemical properties for early-stage disease diagnosis and cancer theranostics applications (imaging and therapeutics by a single system). For example, gold nanorods (AuNRs) demonstrate better photothermal response and radiodensity for theranostics applications. However, upon near infrared light exposure these AuNRs lose their optical property which is characteristic of phototherapy of cancer. To overcome this issue, silica coating is a safe choice for nanorods which not only stabilizes them but also provides extra space for cargo loading and makes them multifunctional in cancer theranostics applications. On the other hand, various small molecules have been coated on the surface of nanoparticles (organic, inorganic, and biological) which improve their biocompatibility, blood circulation time, specific biodistribution and tumor binding ability. A few of them have been reached in clinical trials, but, struggling with FDA approval due to engineering and biological barriers. Moreover, nanoparticles also face various challenges of reliability, reproducibility, degradation, tumor entry and exit in translational research. On the other hand, cargo carrier nanoparticles have been facing critical issues of premature leakage of loaded cargo either anticancer drug or imaging probes. Hence, various gate keepers (quantum dots to supramolecules) known nanovalves have been engineered on the pore opening of the cargo systems. Here, a review on the evolution of nanoparticles and their choice for diagnostics and therapeutics applications has been discussed. In this context, basic requirements of multifunctional theranostics design for targeted imaging and therapy have been highlighted and with several challenges. Major hurdles experienced in the surface engineering routes (coating to nanovalves approach) and limitations of the designed theranostics such as poor biocompatibility, low photostability, non-specific targeting, low cargo capacity, poor biodegradation and lower theranostics efficiency are discussed in-depth. The current scenario of theranostics systems and their multifunctional applications have been presented in this article.

A Study On Basic Requirements Of Sustainable Package Design Through ESG Design Analysis -Focusing on cases of domestic food and beverage package in 2021-

A Study On Basic Requirements Of Sustainable Package Design Through ESG Design Analysis -Focusing on cases of domestic food and beverage package in 2021-

METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTION OF MILITARY AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT BY QUALITY INDICATORS

The article analyses the current state of the military vehicle fleet and problematic issues and proposes how to provide the units of the Ukrainian Defence Forces (UDF) with new models of military vehicles in the context of russia’s war against Ukraine. The question arises as to what basic technical characteristics and design requirements the military vehicles should meet.
 It should be clearly understood that due to objective reasons (hostilities, destroyed economy, lack of money for the production of new models of military vehicles), in the near future, all the necessary nomenclature of modern military vehicles will not be produced in Ukraine, but the problem is to choose foreign models of military vehicles in terms of quality indicators that will best meet the needs of the Armed Forces in terms of tactical and technical characteristics, structure and mobility in difficult war conditions.
 Due to the natural and climatic conditions, difficult terrain and a wide range of weapons used by the enemy, there is a need to constantly renew the fleet of ATVs.
 The Rapid Situation Assessment (RSA) method will allow for a quick assessment and selection of military vehicles in a minimum of time. To process the obtained estimates, we will apply the method of hierarchy analysis, which is widely used to formalise the process of managerial decision-making.
 The purpose of the article is to use a methodological approach to the selection of military vehicles for the needs of the UDF using the hierarchy analysis method with consideration of qualitative criteria.
 The chosen scientific approach allows identifying and ranking the basic mobility properties of military vehicles in terms of importance, which in turn will help the evaluators to identify those that are currently the most important indicators for the selection of military vehicles. The criteria for selecting military vehicles are based on the current legal and regulatory framework for defence procurement with public funds.
 This analysis will allow us to formulate some proposals for improving the evaluation methodology for the procurement of military vehicles.
 For this purpose, first of all, it is necessary to define and formulate
 
 specialised structures for the selection and evaluation of military vehicles;
 algorithm, mechanisms and tools for its implementation;
 professional training (retraining) of personnel who are able to carry out a professional, informed choice of military vehicles.

국방부 예비역을 위한 실버타운 선호도에 관한 연구

This study derives desirable implications that can be applied through an empirical analysis of the silver town preferences of reservists in order to improve housing supply, housing welfare, residential environment, and quality of life for reservists of the Ministry of National Defense in an aging society and reflects them in the military housing policy of the Ministry of National Defense. It is done.
 As a result of the study, it was found that internal characteristics were the most preferred, followed by program characteristics, relationship, and economic characteristics, while physical characteristics were the least preferred.
 First, men and women strongly preferred safety facilities, living convenience facilities, emergency medical care, regular checkups, and emergency support, and preferred health activities, silver activities, neighbor relations, and staff response. On the other hand, women preferred deadlines, residential independence, household activities, business management, and pastimes. Second, in terms of service years, those with 10 or 20 years or more prefer health activities and silver activities, while those with 10 or more years prefer emergency medical services, regular checkups, and medical support, and those with 20 or more years prefer safety facilities, living convenience facilities, neighbor relations, and medical support. I preferred staff response. In particular, for over 20 years, emergency medical care, regular checkups, and emergency support were highly preferred. Third, the Military Housing Policy Division under the Military Facilities Planning Directorate of the Ministry of Defense Resource Management establishes a military housing policy, and the Ministry of National Defense Facilities Headquarters reflects it in the guidelines for preparing basic design requirements for national defense and military facility standards, as well as working guidelines, standard plans, and standard detailed drawings, and the Military Mutual Aid Association It is reflected in the business plan of the real estate investment headquarters of the construction investment division, and it is believed that the morale of reservists will increase if unused military facilities are discovered and used as a silver town site.

Fully ceramic versus steel gears: Potential, feasibility and challenges

The most common gear strength calculations performed in accordance with ISO/TC 60/SC 2 include surface durability and root bending strength. Typical geared power transmissions are characterized by high Hertzian contact stresses (surface durability) on the flanks – frequently in the order of 103 MPa – versus almost half an order magnitude lower first principal stresses on the tooth root (tooth bending strength). Therefore, the use of high strength special steel alloys is almost mandatory, especially in high-end applications, mainly to withstand the high contact stress values. Ceramic materials are typically characterized by high compressive strength versus very low flexural strength that at first glance makes them inefficient for gear transmissions since they are unlikely to withstand the tensile root stresses. Nevertheless, ceramic materials possess a number of advantages that makes them potential candidates for geared transmissions, such as their exceptional thermal properties, their low density (weight), their excellent wear characteristics and limited lubrication demands. The present work investigates the main challenges of using high-end ceramic gears and attempts to provide an insight on defining the design envelope of such gears to counter the main disadvantages. The increase of the normal pressure angle beyond the 25° limit set by ISO 6336 is primarily investigated, since in minimizes the tensile tooth root stresses, while also increasing the curvature of the contact surfaces without greatly increasing Hertzian stresses. Comparative assessment of the performance of fully ceramic gear designs versus their conventional steel counterparts is performed through quasi-static FEA simulations to set the basic design requirements for such gears and to promote further investigation of the feasibility of their usage in high power density applications.

Cooling and insulation design of power electronic transformers

In the case that the usage of power electronic transformers (PETs) has become a trend, research on minimizing the energy loss of PETs is imperative. Meanwhile, the miniaturization of PETs was considered a meaningful way to relief the problem to the maximum extent. And in the problems of miniaturization, the insulation design and the cooling-down design was considered the head of the problems because these two problems could result in an increase of energy loss, which is conflict with the goal of miniaturization. The basic requirement for insulation design is to keep the circuit from the damage of incidents like arc, which brought this job a status of the key to the miniaturization. But what made this trickier is that the design should also satisfy the demand of miniaturization. For the cooling-down design, a design could undertake the task but with smaller volume and lower cost would be favorable for users, but the change of circumstance could lead to different optimum design. Therefore, a study on these two fields is critical, in this essay, the insulation design would be firstly introduced and then the cooling-down design. Due to the status of the two problems mentioned above, the study showed in this paper would have a great value for the research and application of miniaturization of PETs.

Optimization of Urban Road Green Belts under the Background of Carbon Peak Policy

To explore the reasonable width of urban road green belts under the background of carbon peak policy and provide quantitative design guidance for urban green-belt planning, a closed-loop design that integrates urban traffic, carbon emissions, urban greening, and carbon absorption was established at the road network level. First, the factors affecting urban transport carbon emissions were analyzed from the aspects of environment, economy, population, and technology. A carbon emission prediction model was constructed based on the STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model. The path of the carbon peak in the transportation sector was simulated. A scenario under the carbon peak target was designed to determine the development trend of each factor. The layout forms and design requirements of urban road greening were then summarized. The annual carbon sequestration amounts of different plant types were calculated. An objective optimization model was constructed with the lowest cost of greening as the objective function. The constraint conditions specify that the carbon absorption be greater than the carbon emissions, in addition to specifying the basic greening design requirements. Finally, an empirical study was conducted on a road network area in Xi’an. According to the results, the traffic carbon emissions of Xi’an City will be 2.71 Mt in 2025, with road traffic accounting for 1.94 Mt. Without considering the road-measurement green-width constraint, the proportions of the road green belt for six road classes and the red-line width under the carbon peak target are 0.31, 0.33, 0.40, 0.22, 0.21, and 0.23. These research results provide a quantitative and reliable basis for designing the width of an urban green belt under the background of carbon peak policy. Under proportion restrictions, road greening yields better performance by considering both aesthetics and road characteristics.

Design analysis and optimisation of an integrated motor pump-jet thruster with improved resistance to cavitation

ABSTRACT In order to meet the basic design requirements for high critical speed met, and anti-cavitation performance enhanced of Integrated Motor Pump-Jet (IMP) thrusters, a three-dimensional model of the IMP thruster using the blade parameter three-dimensional (3D) inverse design method was developed. The model utilises the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model and the Zwart–Gerber–Belamri (Z-G-B) cavitation model. Then, based on the non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm and multi-objective parameter seeking theory to improve the IMP thruster's cavitation improvement optimization design. After optimisation, the hydrodynamic performance and anti-cavitation performance of the rotor blades were slightly improved. In order to further carry out the design of anti-cavitation performance, the oblique flow is introduced to further analyse according to the influence mechanism. The main focus was on the IMP thruster's excitation force, pulsation pressure and velocity distribution, the oblique flow angle had less impact than the cavitation number in the oblique flow field.

Development of High Strength and High RRR Aluminum-Stabilizer for Superconducting Cable in CEPC Detector Magnet

For the development of a large-aperture superconducting detector magnet in circular electron-positron collider (CEPC), super-conducting cables consisting of Nb-Ti/Cu wires and aluminum stabilizer are essential in both handling large electromagnetic forces during normal operation and redistributing the operation current of tens of kiloampere in case of a quench. High-purity aluminum stabilizer offers extremely high residual resistivity ratio (RRR) for quench protections, however, is too ductile to withstand huge Lorentz forces. Doping technology have been studied in detail in this paper to improve the yield strength of 4N8-aluminium (99.998%) while minimizing the reduction of RRR. All aluminum-alloy samples are characterized by a GM cryocooler for the measurement of RRR and by the standard tensile test facility for the measurement of 0.2% yield strength. It is found that by doping in Ni-0.025% Be-0.025%, annealing at 430 °C, cold-working hardening (∼21%), and curing at 130 °C for 15 h, the resultant aluminum alloy obtains an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p0.2</sub> of 75 MPa at room temperature and a RRR of 417, meeting the basic design requirements of the superconducting detector magnet for CEPC.

Solar Interfacial Evaporation at the Water–Energy Nexus: Bottlenecks, Approaches, and Opportunities

Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) technology has become an important research content in the water treatment fields gradually. It is low cost and sustainable, especially when water resources are scarce and energy infrastructure is not perfect and can deliver high‐quality freshwater. In recent years, along with the rise of new nanomaterials, water evaporation efficiency improved further; additionally, the efficient evaporation system structure design and thermal managements can improve the absorbance and latent heat recovery efficiently. These advanced researches make SIE efficiency is enhanced markedly, especially in small water evaporation equipment driven by solar energy wholly. It can achieve extremely high steam generation rate and possess an extensive application prospect. In this critical review, the photothermal mechanisms and material types of new photothermal materials, the basic structural design requirements of SIE systems primarily are discussed. On this basis, the applications of SIE techniques in the water–energy relations from the microscopic scale to the molecular level in the past decade are summarized. Finally, bottlenecks of the development of SIE technology, as well as the approaches and opportunities in the future, are discussed critically, new ideas are provided for the long‐range objective of utilizing renewable energy to generate clean water for environmentally sustainable development.

Research on the application of BIM technology integration method in the design and construction of intelligent building

In the development of modern social construction, in order to guide the development of prefabricated buildings towards intelligence and intelligence, scientific research scholars put forward the integrated application method of BIM technology based on the basic concept of smart construction. In the innovation and development of China's construction industry, prefabricated building design is the most common form. Integrating BIM technology can make a more perfect construction management plan according to the basic characteristics and design requirements of the project, and gradually improve the construction quality of the project. On the basis of understanding the research status of design and construction of intelligent prefabricated buildings, this paper deeply discusses how to use the integration method of BIM technology, and makes clear the application effect of BIM technology with specific cases, so as to provide an effective basis for the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Research on the application of BIM technology integration method in the design and construction of intelligent building

In the development of modern social construction, in order to guide the development of prefabricated buildings towards intelligence and intelligence, scientific research scholars put forward the integrated application method of BIM technology based on the basic concept of smart construction. In the innovation and development of China's construction industry, prefabricated building design is the most common form. Integrating BIM technology can make a more perfect construction management plan according to the basic characteristics and design requirements of the project, and gradually improve the construction quality of the project. On the basis of understanding the research status of design and construction of intelligent prefabricated buildings, this paper deeply discusses how to use the integration method of BIM technology, and makes clear the application effect of BIM technology with specific cases, so as to provide an effective basis for the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Advances in Climbing Robots for Vertical Structures in the Past Decade: A Review.

Climbing robots are designed to conduct tasks that may be dangerous for humans working at height. In addition to improving safety, they can also increase task efficiency and reduce labor costs. They are widely used for bridge inspection, high-rise building cleaning, fruit picking, high-altitude rescue, and military reconnaissance. In addition to climbing, these robots need to carry tools to complete their tasks. Hence, their design and development are more challenging than those of most other robots. This paper analyzes and compares the past decade's design and development of climbing robots that can ascend vertical structures such as rods, cables, walls, and trees. Firstly, the main research fields and basic design requirements of climbing robots are introduced, and then the advantages and disadvantages of six key technologies are summarized, namely, conceptual design, adhesion methods, locomotion modes, safety mechanisms, control methods, and operational tools. Finally, the remaining challenges in research on climbing robots are briefly discussed and future research directions are highlighted. This paper provides a scientific reference for researchers engaged in the study of climbing robots.

Dynamic modeling, stability analysis and control of interconnected microgrids: A review

This paper reviews concepts of interconnected microgrids (IMGs) as well as compare and classify their modeling, stability analysis, and control methods. To develop benefits of isolated microgrids (MGs) such as reliability improvement and their renewable energy integration, they should be interconnected, share power, support the voltage/frequency of overloaded MGs, etc. Despite maximizing their benefits and decreasing weaknesses of isolated MGs, IMGs require maintaining stability in different operation modes and employing appropriate control methods. Moreover, a basic requirement for stability analysis and controller design is system modeling. Since many articles have addressed these topics on IMGs from different views, a comparison is necessary. Therefore, IMG dynamic modeling methods are classified and their main features and challenges are discussed. Then, stability analysis and control methods of IMGs are reviewed and compared. The provided review is supported by conceptual diagrams, classification tables, off-line and real-time simulations using MATLAB and OPAL-RT simulator for comparison. Furthermore, a data set is provided to study fundamentals as well as research gaps, which are addressed for future works.

Research on Individuation Design in Modern Architectural Art Design

With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for living environment have also changed. In People's Daily life and work, the working environment and behavior environment will have a great impact on it, so in the design of indoor environment, to achieve both beautiful and comfortable, this is the basic requirements of modern architectural art design. With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness in our country, the concept of modern architectural art design must be timely changed to ensure that it is both artistic and comfortable and can achieve the purpose of green and environmental protection, and promote the sustainable development of the architectural art design industry.

Research on Individuation Design in Modern Architectural Art Design

With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for living environment have also changed. In People's Daily life and work, the working environment and behavior environment will have a great impact on it, so in the design of indoor environment, to achieve both beautiful and comfortable, this is the basic requirements of modern architectural art design. With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness in our country, the concept of modern architectural art design must be timely changed to ensure that it is both artistic and comfortable and can achieve the purpose of green and environmental protection, and promote the sustainable development of the architectural art design industry.

FAS-DQN: Freshness-Aware Scheduling via Reinforcement Learning for Latency-Sensitive Applications

The demand for real-time data processing has become increasingly attractive in Cyber-Physical Systems(CPSs), especially for data-intensive embedded real-time applications. In order to timely perceive and respond to environmental changes, the basic design requirement in such systems is to provide data service with high freshness. As modern CPSs become more complex, there are a broad set of system mode switch behaviors, some unforeseen, in a dynamic computational environment. However, conventional control algorithms can hardly handle such new scenarios, since most of them assume that the operational behavior is fixed. In this paper, we study the problem of how to maximize the freshness of data in multi-modal systems. We first use a recently proposed new conception, namely Age of Information (AoI) to quantify the freshness of data by combining the AoI metric with real-time constraints. Then, we propose, to our knowledge, the first freshness-aware scheduling solution to settle the problem via deep reinforcement learning(RL). To be specific, we develop an RL framework that can continuously update its scheduling strategies and maximize the freshness of data in the long term. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed FAS-DQN outperforms other traditional state-of-the-art methods in terms of data freshness.