Basic Plan Research Articles

Evolutionary origins of the lysosome-related organelle sorting machinery reveal ancient homology in post-endosome trafficking pathways

The major organelles of the endomembrane system were in place by the time of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) (~1.5 billion years ago). Their acquisitions were defining milestones during eukaryogenesis. Comparative cell biology and evolutionary analyses show multiple instances of homology in the protein machinery controlling distinct interorganelle trafficking routes. Resolving these homologous relationships allows us to explore processes underlying the emergence of additional, distinct cellular compartments, infer ancestral states predating LECA, and explore the process of eukaryogenesis itself. Here, we undertake a molecular evolutionary analysis (including providing a transcriptome of the jakobid flagellate Reclinomonas americana), exploring the origins of the machinery responsible for the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), the Biogenesis of LRO Complexes (BLOCs 1,2, and 3). This pathway has been studied only in animals and is not considered a feature of the basic eukaryotic cell plan. We show that this machinery is present across the eukaryotic tree of life and was likely in place prior to LECA, making it an underappreciated facet of eukaryotic cellular organisation. Moreover, we resolve multiple points of ancient homology between all three BLOCs and other post-endosomal retrograde trafficking machinery (BORC, CCZ1 and MON1 proteins, and an unexpected relationship with the "homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting" (HOPS) and "Class C core vacuole/endosomal tethering" (CORVET) complexes), offering a mechanistic and evolutionary unification of these trafficking pathways. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive account of the rise of the LROs biogenesis machinery from before the LECA to current eukaryotic diversity, integrating it into the larger mechanistic framework describing endomembrane evolution.

Digital Media Competence in the Mexican Interactive Generation. Have Digital Competence Programs Worked in Mexico?

Objective: This research presents results of the digital media competence scale applied to Mexican youth during the period 2009-2023. With this evidence, the study is contrasted theoretically and empirically with the five major official programs on digital media competence implemented by the Ministry of Public Education of Mexico in said period. Theoretical Framework: The study was adjusted to the recommendations of international organizations such as UNESCO (2018) and the European Union (Livingstone, 2019). The scale was developed and adapted from a broader study on Internet consumption habits, digital skills, and online sociability in young people (León, et al., 2013; 2014; 2015). Method: A quantitative methodology of longitudinal descriptive cut was applied to present the empirical results of the scale on a sample of (N=4,753) high school students in Mexico. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the need to include a permanent teacher training program on literacy and basic digital skills in the field of basic education, as well as the creation of content on digital communication and information in all basic education plans and programs. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research provide sensitive information to modify future management programs within the public policy on digital culture. Originality/Value: The study contributes to the specialized literature by highlighting the management challenges that the New Mexican School headed by the current government should consider. The relevance and value of the data presented show a critical and independent position in contrast to the government's positions.

School Head’s Supervisory Skills and Implementation of Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) Among Secondary Schools of Surigao Del Norte Division Amidst Pandemic

This research investigated the supervisory skills of school heads in secondary schools within the Surigao del Norte Division during the pandemic. It examined their skills in areas such as instructional leadership, human resource management, learning environment, community partnership, and school operations. Additionally, the study explored the implementation of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP). The study employed a descriptive survey method. The findings indicated that all three school heads received an "outstanding" rating based on the OPCRF, signifying exceptional performance and commitment. The BE-LCP implementation was also perceived as "very high" by teachers, with 96-100% successful implementation. Interestingly, the study found no significant relationship between the school heads' OPCRF rating and the BE-LCP implementation. Similarly, there was no significant difference between teachers' perceptions of the school heads' supervisory skills and their actual OPCRF ratings.

공공환경 관점에서의 통학로 주변 공사안전 가설시설물 공공디자인 적용에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study aims to empirically explore the necessity of expanding the application of public design to facilities affected by social changes, and to explore operational and management directions accordingly. Through this research, it identifies the target facilities around schools where public design should be applied in construction sites, proposes directions for applying public design, and provides foundational data for future local governments and regional education offices to implement. The study aims to propose practical plans for the concrete realization of public design while diagnosing issues and suggesting improvements, drawing from domestic discussions on the social role of public design and related legislation and manuals. It proposes operational directions for the application of public design to hypothetical facilities around school construction sites in three dimensions: expanding types of public design applications and developing standard designs, establishing operational management systems, and advancing basic and operational plans for promoting public design. Through these efforts, it is expected that public sentiment regarding the impact on educational facilities due to construction will expand in terms of the right to education, thereby fostering community interest and achieving social prescriptions through regional environmental management.

열화율 기반 태양광 발전량 예측 머신러닝 모델 개발

According to the government’s “11th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand,” 230.8 TWh of renewable-energy generation and 32.9% of power generation are proposed by 2038, and the proportion of renewable-energy generation, such as solar and wind power, is expected to increase continuously. However, the power generated by renewable-energy sources fluctuates significantly; thus, the power-generation volume must be predicted accurately. In this study, we investigate 2013 data from a 2.4kW demonstration complex located in Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do; analyze the power generation from August 2014 to August 2016 using six machine-learning algorithms; and analyze the correlation indicated by a power-generation prediction model based on the degradation rate, where the difference between actual and predicted values is considered. The prediction distribution is compared and analyzed for a highly accurate model, and the prediction result is confirmed to be within 3%.

On anger, or what Heidegger’s philosophy of affectivity offers

The article presented here thematizes Heidegger’s view of affectivity, experience and passions in the context of his reading of Nietzsche’s philosophy. Following the basic plan of Heidegger’s analysis of moods (especially fear and anxiety) in Being and Time, the author attempts to show us what Heidegger’s phenomenology of affectivity would have enabled us to see in the phenomenon of anger if Heidegger had elaborated it. The author analyzes anger as a social and moral emotion through the prism of what “angry” phenomena have in common; what we perceive when we are angry; and what it is for us that anger is even about. In conclusion, anger is presented as something existential that not only uncovers existence itself, but above all the relationship of our will to phenomena that are not acceptable to us.

경제안보기술의 특허출원에 대한 비공개 방안 - 일본의 특허출원비공개제도를 중심으로

In establishing the 6th Basic Plan for Science and Technology (2021.4.1-2026.3.31), Japan recognized the need for innovation in converging humanities and social sciences with science technology and revised the “Basic Act on Science and Technology” to the “Basic Act on Science and Technology and Innovation” and the “R&D Power Enhancement Act” to the “Act on Promotion of Science and Technology and Innovation Creation”. In its basic plan and important policies, goals such as the development of innovative technologies related to the convergence of cyber and physical spaces are set. Even though the purpose of developing such innovative technologies is set, in order to strongly promote the R&D and patent protection policy of high-tech (specific important technologies) that can be used maliciously in international disputes or cyber terrorism, etc., the “Economic Security Promotion Act” has been enacted and implemented as a separate legislation. The Act stipulates R&D policies for securing specific critical materials and specific critical technologies to protect national security and public safety and the system that allows patent applications to be non-disclosed was introduced and implemented on May 1, 2024 in cases where patent applications of research results could harm Japan's economic security and public stability. It is necessary to reflect it in Korea's technical security policy through in-depth analysis and review of the law relating to measures to secure specific important materials, research and development and research funding policy of specific critical technologies, and the Non-Disclosure System of Patent Applications of research results thereof. In particular, by analyzing in-depth the purpose and intention of the Japanese government to strongly promote it by separately legislating it, not by ordinary legislation, it is necessary to refer to the research and development related to national security in Korea and the patent protection policy of the research results. In particular, it is necessary to analyze in-depth the purpose and intention of the Japanese government to promote it separately, not by ordinary legislation, and refer to Korea's national security-related research and development and patent protection policies of its research results.

고령사회 노인문화정책의 변화 고찰 및 과제

In 2025, South Korea is projected to enter a super-aged society with 20.6% of its population aged 65 and older. The Baby Boomer generation, which will constitute a significant portion of this aged society, values cultural needs, independence, and the identity of being a free and active participant in society. Thus, understanding the characteristics of an aging society and the new senior is essential, and policy responses based on this understanding are necessary. This study explains the policy lag phenomenon in cultural policies for an aging society, based on Thomas Kuhn's paradigm theory and the path dependency theory of new institutionalism. It demonstrates that the cultural policies for an aging society have not adequately responded to the aging population, using the low birth rate and aging society policies and senior cultural programs as case studies. The study found that society has shifted to an aging society centered on the Baby Boomer generation, which has high cultural activity demands. Despite the shift in social paradigms, the transition from senior policies to the “Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society” did not prioritize the fulfillment of cultural needs, but rather continued to focus primarily on employment policies, as seen in previous welfare policies. It was difficult to find policies implemented from the perspective of cultural activities for seniors in the first Basic Plan, and even in the second and third supplementary plans, the emphasis was predominantly on senior employment. Additionally, the budget for the representative senior cultural policy, the Senior Culture Program, decreased steadily from approximately 4.6 billion KRW in 2016 to 2.5 billion KRW in 2022, with the number of programs reducing from 391 in 2016 to 163 in 2023. This study, which highlights the changes in an aging society and the current state of senior cultural policies, can be used to develop policies that enhance the quality of life in an aging society. Moreover, it suggests the need for more detailed research to create more segmented cultural policies that address specific age groups and genders, rather than policies targeting everyone aged 65 and older as a single group.

철도산업과 기후변화대응

The railroad industry is the best means of transportation to respond to climate change, as it is more energy efficient than the automobile and aircraft industries and emits about six times less greenhouse gases. As of 2018, the transportation sector of railroads emits 2.6% of greenhouse gases, but greenhouse gases should be reduced by converting diesel locomotives to new and renewable energy locomotives and electric locomotives. However, the Framework Act on the Railway Industry, the Railroad Safety Act, the Railroad Construction Act, and the Railroad Business Act do not have legal and institutional mechanisms to respond to climate change or adapt to the climate crisis. Review the legislation and precedents of France and the United States to seek implications for Korea. The Framework Act on the Railway Industry shall establish and implement the national freight and passenger transport sharing rate and the greenhouse gas reduction target, and shall be improved to include matters on climate change and response to the climate crisis in the national policies and basic plans. The Railway Construction Act should also monitor the effects of climate change, such as extreme heat waves, extreme cold waves, extreme strong winds (types), extreme floods, and extreme wildfires, analyze the cost-benefit analysis of adverse effects on railway infrastructure to build them in advance, and maintain them to improve the quality of railway infrastructure, and include climate change response and adaptation to the climate crisis in the railway network plan. The Railway Business Act and the Railroad Safety Act should be revised to ban the operation of diesel locomotives in stages, such as California and the United Kingdom, to raise funds for the conversion of diesel locomotives to environment-friendly locomotives, report their status to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and stipulate that diesel locomotives cannot be idled for more than 30 minutes. Finally, railway stations and structures should be installed with geothermal power plants and solar power plants, and certified as carbon-zero buildings.

수정 델파이 기법을 활용한 문화복지 활성화를 위한 공립미술관 설립 및 운영 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to establish a strategy for establishing and operating a public art museum to revitalize cultural welfare, and to provide basic data for establishing a basic plan necessary for establishing and operating a public art museum. A panel of 14 experts in the field of cultural welfare was selected, and a modified Delphi survey was conducted three times from July 1 to September 27, 2023. The collected data were analyzed for content validity ratio (CVR), mean, standard deviation, interquartile range, convergence, agreement, and coefficient of variation for each sub-element item. The factors and discussion points derived from the analysis results are as follows. First, in establishing the role and vision of public art museums, Local government must seek to strengthen local culture, promote citizen participation and foster creators, create cultural value, and seek to establish the art museum brand and identity. Second, when establishing a public art museum, the location should be selected to reflect citizen participation and needs, promote integrated artistic expression with the artistic value of the space and works, and be harmonious with the surrounding landscape and appropriately located in a place with historical significance. Third, in operating public art museums, efforts should be made to develop museum-specific content and research through continuous development of content that reflects local cultural characteristics, ensure efficient budget and operation, and provide citizens with opportunities to participate in cultural life for all generations and classes. Opportunities for participation must be strengthened, professional operation and independence must be guaranteed, and environmentally friendly and sustainable operations must be achieved. Fourth, in order to enjoy cultural rights and bridge cultural gaps, provide opportunities for the unique works of local artists to be exhibited, establish a support program for local artists to contribute to revitalizing the local art ecosystem, and promote the growth of the local community by realizing education through culture. In addition, through the integration of culture and education, we must build an art museum as a space open to all citizens and all cultures and take the lead in inclusive operation to realize the universality of culture by removing social barriers. Through this study, the policy implication was made to keep in mind that discussions between each group are the beginning of the establishment of a public art museum from the beginning of establishing a basic plan for the establishment of a public art museum, and the establishment and operation of a public art museum to revitalize cultural welfare through the 15 items derived from this study. It provides implications of the study, which provides basic data for the plan.

제주곶자왈도립공원 이용가치 제고를 위한 방문객 인식 연구 - 중요도-만족도 분석(IPA)의 적용을 통해

This study was conducted to prepare a plan to improve the value of use through an IPA on the perception of visitors at the Jeju Gotjawal Provincial Park. Jeju Gotjawal Provincial Park is operated by establishing a basic plan for efficient use based on a legal management system for conservation. It is managed as an important environmental asset of Jeju Island, and 200,000 visitors visit Gotjawal every year to enjoy its vegetation and environment. In this study, considering the variables related to the use of natural parks in previous studies, we extracted items to prepare measures to improve the characteristics and use value of Jeju Gotjawal Provincial Park and constructed a scale by dividing them into playfulness, comfort, convenience, and economic factors. IPA was implemented through a survey, and implications were derived for each matrix. Currently, Jeju Gotjawal Provincial Park's playfulness as a natural resource showed high satisfaction, and it was found that it was necessary to prepare improvement measures to improve convenience. In addition, it was found that additional research in terms of economic feasibility was necessary to improve the value of use. If future research is conducted to overcome the fact that the data collection period of this study is limited to a specific period, it is expected that field applicability will be further increased.

Former Oesing Kitchen Colonial Building in Banyuwangi as Urban Heritage

Banyuwangi Regency is rich in pen-colonial legacy. Colonial remains can still be found in several parts of the city, but quite a few have changed form, even looking different from their original state. One of the buildings is the former Oesing kitchen. The research aims to explore the facade-forming and space-forming elements in the former Oesing Kitchen, Banyuwangi, and the condition of the former Oesing building after restoration. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The colonial buildings selected as study cases were carried out using purposive sampling techniques using several criteria. Data analysis was carried out inductively with greater emphasis on historical meaning and value. The results of the observations are a way to explain and conclude the two elements that form the architectural character of these colonial buildings. The research results show that the former Oesing kitchen building has an architectural character that can be determined from the windows, entrance, roof, and walls. Meanwhile, other characters can be determined from the basic plan and shape of the building. Apart from that, there are historical supporting objects such as chimneys, old tombs, nagabulan, and agricultural buildings.

Canonical and Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Generates Molecular and Cellular Asymmetries to Establish Embryonic Axes.

The formation of embryonic axes is a critical step during animal development, which contributes to establishing the basic body plan in each particular organism. Wnt signaling pathways play pivotal roles in this fundamental process. Canonical Wnt signaling that is dependent on β-catenin regulates the patterning of dorsoventral, anteroposterior, and left-right axes. Non-canonical Wnt signaling that is independent of β-catenin modulates cytoskeletal organization to coordinate cell polarity changes and asymmetric cell movements. It is now well documented that components of these Wnt pathways biochemically and functionally interact to mediate cell-cell communications and instruct cellular polarization in breaking the embryonic symmetry. The dysfunction of Wnt signaling disrupts embryonic axis specification and proper tissue morphogenesis, and mutations of Wnt pathway genes are associated with birth defects in humans. This review discusses the regulatory roles of Wnt pathway components in embryonic axis formation by focusing on vertebrate models. It highlights current progress in decoding conserved mechanisms underlying the establishment of asymmetry along the three primary body axes. By providing an in-depth analysis of canonical and non-canonical pathways in regulating cell fates and cellular behaviors, this work offers insights into the intricate processes that contribute to setting up the basic body plan in vertebrate embryos.

Maternal regulation of the vertebrate oocyte-to-embryo transition.

Maternally-loaded factors in the egg accumulate during oogenesis and are essential for the acquisition of oocyte and egg developmental competence to ensure the production of viable embryos. However, their molecular nature and functional importance remain poorly understood. Here, we present a collection of 9 recessive maternal-effect mutants identified in a zebrafish forward genetic screen that reveal unique molecular insights into the mechanisms controlling the vertebrate oocyte-to-embryo transition. Four genes, over easy, p33bjta, poached and black caviar, were found to control initial steps in yolk globule sizing and protein cleavage during oocyte maturation that act independently of nuclear maturation. The krang, kazukuram, p28tabj, and spotty genes play distinct roles in egg activation, including cortical granule biology, cytoplasmic segregation, the regulation of microtubule organizing center assembly and microtubule nucleation, and establishing the basic body plan. Furthermore, we cloned two of the mutant genes, identifying the over easy gene as a subunit of the Adaptor Protein complex 5, Ap5m1, which implicates it in regulating intracellular trafficking and yolk vesicle formation. The novel maternal protein Krang/Kiaa0513, highly conserved in metazoans, was discovered and linked to the function of cortical granules during egg activation. These mutant genes represent novel genetic entry points to decipher the molecular mechanisms functioning in the oocyte-to-embryo transition, fertility, and human disease. Additionally, our genetic adult screen not only contributes to the existing knowledge in the field but also sets the basis for future investigations. Thus, the identified maternal genes represent key players in the coordination and execution of events prior to fertilization.

Study on the Planning Elements and Application for Complex City : Focusing on the Case of the 3rd New Town Basic Plan Conception

Study on the Planning Elements and Application for Complex City : Focusing on the Case of the 3rd New Town Basic Plan Conception

Information system of support of economic decisions on the development of the Internet provider network

The paper suggests and confirms the hypothesis about the dependence of the price of internet service provider tariffs on the main economic and demographic determinants, and also defines the list of these determinants. An economic-mathematical model for optimizing the distribution of the budget for the expansion of the Internet provider's network between the execution of connection requests for separate service lines and tariffs has been developed. One of the key elements of the activity of Internet providers is the solution of the "last mile" problem, which consists in providing a communication service between the end user and the provider's Internet access node. Taking into account the orientation of such enterprises to the maximization of their own profit, this problem should be considered in the technical and economic dimension. Solving this problem requires a multidimensional approach that takes into account technology, economics and geography, as well as the significant investment required to expand network coverage and meet the demands of a distributed customer base. Internet providers should take into account the negative impact of possible network congestion, non-linear pricing, as well as consumer demand when optimizing pricing strategies and network development strategies. The developed model was applied to historical data on the activity of the Internet provider. The proposed approaches are combined into a single information system to support economic decision-making for the development of network of Internet providers, which contributes to the implementation of the developed model in practice and allows to increase the efficiency of the production activities of such enterprises. The paper put forward and confirmed the hypothesis about the dependence of prices for fixed Internet connection services on the dollar exchange rate, the cost of connecting to the trunk node, and the population. Approaches to economic decision-making in the management of the Internet provider's activities were further developed, namely, an economic-mathematical model was developed and tested to optimize the allocation of the budget for the expansion of the Internet provider's network between the satisfaction of applications of potential subscribers for connection in the section of individual tariffs of the provider's current tariff grid. As a result of the test of the developed economic-mathematical optimization model on the historical data of the enterprise, the possibility of improving the expected profit relative to the basic plan by 18% was established.

COW TRAFFIC DESIGNS IN BARNS WITH AUTOMATIC MILKING SYSTEMS: ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND DIFFERENCES

This study describes the most common traffic systems in barns for lactating dairy cows milked in automatic milking systems (AMS). It outlines seven cow traffic designs, each featuring a basic floor plan, taking into account one robot or AMS per barn and considering a maximum system capacity (> 60 cows/AMS). The study describes the advantages and disadvantages of free, milk-first and feed-first traffic and the differences between forced and guided cow traffic designs. Some research data are also shown to emphasize the theoretical concepts included in this document. The main difference is that free cow traffic tends to milk a lesser number of cows than milk-first and feed-first cow traffic designs but warrants more freedom for the cows. However, free cow traffic design increases the number of refusals (cows visiting the AMS without milking permission), leading to system inefficiency. Guided traffic designs emerge as the most efficient, milking more cows throughout the day while reducing the need to fetch cows and overall labour. When operating at full cow capacity, guided cow traffic designs are recommended.

일생활균형정책과 지방분권화에 따른 출산율의 변화: OECD 회원국을 중심으로

In Korea's Basic Plan for a Low Fertility and Aging Society, the work-life balance policy aims to create a society that works together and takes care of each other, and seeks to promote regional coexistence due to demographic changes. To this end, this study aims to empirically examine the relationship between the characteristics of work-life balance policies and fertility rates in OECD member countries according to the degree of fiscal decentralization. Based on data provided by the OECD and the International Network on Leave Policy and Research, we find that maternity and parental leave are significantly associated with fertility. Maternity leave duration is positively related to fertility, while women's parental leave, both unpaid and paid, is negatively related to fertility. The relationship between decentralization and fertility shows that the more fiscal autonomy local governments have, the higher the fertility rate. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it is necessary to implement policies in the direction of promoting autonomy in the combination of parental leave duration and salary level through the autonomy and discretion of local governments, and strengthening the duration of maternity leave and economic support. This study examines the characteristics and basic elements of leave policies (maternity leave and parental leave), which are key work-life balance policies, and how the degree of decentralization affects fertility rates in 35 OECD countries, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life of not only parents but also infants and young children.

제4차 국가인권정책기본계획 수립을 위한 검토

It has been more than a year since the end of the 3rd National Action Plan for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (NAP), which had its five-year implementation period from 2018 to 2022, but the 4th NAP has not yet been established. Originally, the 4th NAP should have been established as a five-year plan from 2023 to 2027, but since it is already 2024, it should be established as a five-year plan from 2024 to 2028. The NAP, which was initially established in 2007, had a one-year gap in 2016 when the 2nd NAP was ended, but at that time, there were special circumstances in which the presidential election was held due to the impeachment of the president of Park Geun Hye. And it is very unusual that the establishment of the government’s basic policy plan has been delayed for more than a year without such special circumstances.
 In July 2022, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRCK) has already adopted the recommended draft for the 4th NAP and recommended the President to establish the 4th NAP. Of course, the Ministry of Justice, which is in charge of establishing the NAP within the government, was not just sitting idle. The evaluation of implementation the 3rd NAP had been conducted through external research services from April to August 2022, and a public hearing was held in August 2023 to listen to the opinions of experts in related human rights fields while presenting the draft of the 4th NAP. However, since this public hearing, the establishment process of the 4th NAP has been continuously delayed for nearly seven months.
 I hope that the 4th NAP, which is a government’s blueprint for human rights policy of the Republic of Korea over the next five years, will be established without further delay, and I will examine the composition and individual tasks of the 4th NAP, focusing on the tasks for the civil and political rights.

Design of Multi-Time Scale Power Trading Platform in Regional Spot Market

In order to improve the reliability of power trading under the background of regional power spot market, a multi-time scale power trading platform is designed. The transaction status of foreign power spot markets, the general situation of China's power market construction and the particularity of China's market transactions are analyzed. A multi-time-scale trading platform in the spot market is constructed, the overall structure and technical architecture of the platform are established, the multi-time-scale transaction process is analyzed, and a clearing mechanism framework for cross-regional transactions is proposed. According to the needs of market connection, the basic plan for cross-regional transactions is proposed. Finally, the application effect analysis of the platform proposed in this paper is carried out, which shows the validity of the platform design.