Basic Operation Unit Research Articles

Research and Analysis of Floating-Point Adder Principle

With the development of the times, computers are used more and more widely, and the research and development of adder, as the most basic operation unit, determine the development of the computer field. This paper analyzes the principle of one-bit adder and floating-point adder by literature analysis. One-bit adder is the most basic type of traditional adder, besides bit-by-bit adder, overrun adder and so on. The purpose of this paper is to understand the basic principle of adder, among them, IEEE-754 binary floating point operation is very important. So that the traditional fixed-point adder is the basis of the floating-point adder, which can have a new direction in the future development of floating-point adder optimization. This paper finds that the floating-point adder is one of the most widely used components in signal processing systems today, and therefore, the improvement of the floating-point adder is necessary.

Recent progress of microfluidic chips in immunoassay.

Microfluidic chip technology is a technology platform that integrates basic operation units such as processing, separation, reaction and detection into microchannel chip to realize low consumption, fast and efficient analysis of samples. It has the characteristics of small volume need of samples and reagents, fast analysis, low cost, automation, portability, high throughout, and good compatibility with other techniques. In this review, the concept, preparation materials and fabrication technology of microfluidic chip are described. The applications of microfluidic chip in immunoassay, including fluorescent, chemiluminescent, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and electrochemical immunoassay are reviewed. Look into the future, the development of microfluidic chips lies in point-of-care testing and high throughput equipment, and there are still some challenges in the design and the integration of microfluidic chips, as well as the analysis of actual sample by microfluidic chips.

Research on Harmonic Generation Mechanism of PSM High-Voltage Power Supply in Dynamic Operation

To study the harmonic generation mechanism of high-voltage power supply (HVPS) in dynamic operation, the mathematical model of the PSM HVPS is built. The mathematical model of the equivalent circuit is established by analyzing the basic operational unit of the HVPS. The initial parameters of the mathematical model are updated according to the number of the modules in series on the load side, and the key electrical parameters set in the mathematical model are obtained. After that, according to the number and the position of the series modules in the HVPS, the current superposition and phase shift calculation are carried out to obtain the harmonic current content in the power grid. This article also verified the accuracy of the mathematical model and calculating method by building a module simulation and HVPS simulation model. Furthermore, the harmonic generation characteristics in the dynamic operation of the HVPS are studied in this article.

SPATIAL THINKING OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AS AN INDICATOR OF THEIR INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT

The peculiarities of formation of spatial thinking in students of engineering and pedagogical specialties in the course of study of the graphic cycle disciplines have been substantiated. The definitions of “spatial thinking” and “spatial imagination” are clarified. The legitimacy of spatial thinking as an independent mental process, which is associated with the analysis of spatial features and the relationship between elements of real objects (or their graphic images) and application of these features in resolution of design problems by students of engineering specialties of higher education is mentioned.
 The content and basic operational units of spatial thinking in undergraduates during their study of graphic disciplines have been described. The dependence of the level of development of spatial thinking of students on the type of spatial images operating in Descriptive Geometry, drawing, engineering and computer graphics lessons has been specified. There has been offered the typology of students of engineering and pedagogical specialties of pedagogical high school, depending on their level of spatial thinking development and ability to explicit spatial transformations. The initial level of spatial thinking development of the students of the first year of study before the study of the cycle of graphic disciplines in higher education institutions has been also analyzed. The prospects of resolution of the issue of increasing the level of spatial thinking in undergraduates as an indicator of their intellectual development have been outlined in the study.

РОЗВИТОК ПРОСТОРОВОГО МИСЛЕННЯ УЧНІВ НА УРОКАХ КРЕСЛЕННЯ ЗАСОБАМИ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

У статті досліджено шляхи і засоби цілеспрямованого розвитку просторового мислення учнів в умовах комп’ютерно-орієнтованого навчання креслення. Досліджено сутність та значення просторового мислення для всебічного розвитку особистості. З’ясовано можливості цифрових технологій (ЦТ) як засобу розвитку просторового мислення учнів на уроках креслення. Встановлено, що найбільш доцільним для розвитку просторового мислення учнів є використання комп’ютерних програмних засобів імітаційно-моделюючого типу.

Influence of sampling intensity on performance of two-phase forest inventory using airborne laser scanning

BackgroundForest inventories have always been a primary information source concerning the forest ecosystem state. Various applied survey approaches arise from the numerous important factors during sampling scheme planning. Paramount aspects include the survey goal and scale, target population inherent variation and patterns, and available resources. The last factor commonly inhibits the goal, and compromises have to be made. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been intensively tested as a cost-effective option for forest inventories. Despite existing foundations, research has provided disparate results. Environmental conditions are one of the factors greatly influencing inventory performance. Therefore, a need for site-related sampling optimization is well founded. Moreover, as stands are the basic operational unit of managed forest holdings, few related studies have presented stand-level results. As such, herein, we tested the sampling intensity influence on the performance of the ALS-enhanced stand-level inventory.ResultsDistributions of possible errors were plotted by comparing ALS model estimates, with reference values derived from field surveys of 3300 sample plots and more than 300 control stands located in 5 forest districts. No improvement in results was observed due to the scanning density. The variance in obtained errors stabilized in the interval of 200–300 sample plots, maintaining the bias within +/− 5% and the precision above 80%. The sample plot area affected scores mostly when transitioning from 100 to 200 m2. Only a slight gain was observed when bigger plots were used.ConclusionsALS-enhanced inventories effectively address the demand for comprehensive and detailed information on the structure of single stands over vast areas. Knowledge of the relation between the sampling intensity and accuracy of ALS estimates allows the determination of certain sampling intensity thresholds. This should be useful when matching the required sample size and accuracy with available resources. Site optimization may be necessary, as certain errors may occur due to the sampling scheme, estimator type or forest site, making these factors worth further consideration.

Simulation of industrial fermentation: current status and future perspectives

Industrial fermentation is the basic operation unit of industrial biotechnology in large-scale production. Mathematical simulation of microbial cells and their reactors will help deepen the understanding of microorganisms and fermentation processes, and will also provide solutions for the construction of new synthetic organisms. In this paper, the characteristics of industrial fermentation system, the development of mathematical simulation, the classification, characteristics and functions of mathematical models are described in depth, and the development trend of whole fermentation system simulation is prospected.

Research of optimal fast-acting systems of automatic control on laboratory bench

Purpose. This paper presents a laboratory bench for research of optimal and quasi-optimal automatic control system in respect of its operation speed. Laboratory bench consists of thermal unit and software and hardware suite which includes VIPA System 200 V and HMI/SCADA logic controller and Zenon Supervisor 7.0 system. Thermal unit is described by differential equation of second order pursuing the control channel “amperage in electric heating unit power converter – air temperature inside thermal unit.” Differential equation coefficients depend on screen position and centrifugal blower rotation frequency. Methodology. Reported the methodology of synthesis and results of calculation of optimal relay hypothesis for thermal unit control through the chosen channel. Were demonstrated the results of experiment in transition of thermal unit from various initial states to final states. Was shown the possibility of implementing optimal control system in respect of its operation speed in real time scale by means of software development by including algorithms for transcendence set of simultaneous equations into it or by means of development of predicative model of thermal unit. Results. Were specified conditions for application of quasi-optimal relay control hypothesis in respect of its operation speed. Reported the methodology of synthesis and results of calculation of the length of the first control interval depending on the predetermined value of readjustment. Were demonstrated the results of modeling of quasi-optimal automatic control system in respect of its operation speed in Simulink of Matlab app. Was established functional relation of the length of the first control interval depending on the predetermined value of readjustment for implementing of quasi-optimal automatic control system in real time scale with application of basic operational units of programmed logic controller.

Sex and age differences in physical performance: A comparison of Army basic training and operational populations

ObjectivesTo determine the age- and sex-specific differences of physical fitness performances and Body Mass Index (BMI) in basic training and the operational Army. DesignCross-sectional Study. MethodsThis secondary analysis utilizes retrospective surveys of U.S. Army Soldiers in Basic Combat Training (BCT) and operational units to compare physical performances between men and women as measured by the Army Physical Readiness Test (APFT). An ANOVA was used to compare mean differences in APFT results and BMI within sex-specific populations. A post hoc Tukey test identified specific mean differences. Adjusting for age, an ANCOVA was used to compare sex and occupation (infantry and non-infantry) differences in APFT results. ResultsSurveyed populations consisted of 2216 BCT Soldiers (1573 men and 643 women) and 5515 Operational Soldiers (4987 men and 528 women). Male and female operational Soldiers had greater muscular performance (79%–125% higher APFT push-ups, 66%–85% higher APFT sit-ups) and cardiorespiratory performance (22%–24% faster APFT 2-mile run times) than BCT Soldiers. Male BCT and operational Soldiers outperform their female counterparts on tests of muscular and cardiorespiratory endurance. Sex differences in physical performances attenuated among female Soldiers in operational units compared to BCT. Among male operational Soldiers, infantry Soldiers exhibited greater cardiorespiratory and muscular performance than non-infantry Soldiers. Higher BMI was associated with higher age groups, except for female BCT Soldiers. ConclusionsGaps in cardiorespiratory and muscular performances between men and women should be addressed through targeted physical training programs that aim to minimize physiological differences.

The Algebraic Operations and Their Implementation Based on a Two-Layer Cloud Data Model

Abstract The existing cloud data models cannot meet the management requirements of structured data very well including a great deal of relational data, therefore a two-layer cloud data model is proposed. The composite object is defined to model the nested data in the representation layer, while a 4-tuple is defined to model the non-nested data in the storage layer. Referring the relational algebra, the concept of SNO (Simple Nested Object) is defined as basic operational unit of the algebraic operations; the formal definitions of the algebraic operations consisting of the set operations and the query operations on the representation layer are proposed. The algorithm of extracting all SNOs from a CAO (Component-Attribute-Object) set of a composite object is proposed firstly as the foundation, and then as the idea; the pseudo code implementation of algorithms of the algebraic operations on the storage layer are proposed. Logic proof and example proof indicate that the definition and the algorithms of the algebraic operations are correct.

Locality-constraint discriminant feature learning for high-resolution SAR image classification

It remains one of the most challenging tasks to distinguish different terrain materials from a single SAR image. With the increase of ground resolution, it allows us to model the SAR image directly by exploiting spatial structures and texture information that are extracted by several machine learning approaches. In this paper, a novel feature learning approach is proposed to capture discriminant features of high-resolution SAR images. In the first stage, a weighted discriminant filter bank is learned from some labeled SAR image patches to generate low-level features. Then, the locality constraint is introduced to produce the high-level features in both the encoding and the spatial pooling procedure. In this work, the superpixels are employed as the basic operational units instead of the pixels for terrain classification. With some learned domain patterns which are learned from all of the high-level features of each pixel, the superpixel is characterized by a hyper-feature. In the last stage, a linear-kernel support vector machine is utilized to classify all of these hyper-features which are generated for each superpixel. The experimental results show a better classification performance of the proposed approach than several available state-of-the-art approaches.

Analysis on Economic Efficiency and Industrial Structure Adjustment of Some Counties Based on DEA Method

The county economy is not only an important component of the national economy, but also be the basic operation unit of the national economy.It plays an irreplaceable role in the great economic and social development of our country. In this paper, we provide a non-parametric method for analyzing the economic efficiency based on DEA theory. Then we analyze the development efficiency of eight counties in Tongliao City from 2003 to 2012 , we also put forward suggestions on how to adjust the industrial structure according to the data analysis of the results of the model.

Temporal Error Concealment Algorithm with Improved Ability on Motion Vector Recovery for H.264/AVC Decoder

During network transmissions, packet loss cannot be avoided, which leads to the decrease of the video quality. In order to provide better quality under unreliable communication environments, an efficient motion vector (MV) recovery algorithm is proposed in this paper for video temporal error concealment (TEC) with H.264/AVC standard. To increase the accuracy, 4 × 4 block size is regarded as the basic operation unit in the proposal, and the detailed processing procedures of the proposed algorithm for three cases of packet loss which happen frequently are separately discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could achieve better subjective and objective qualities with less time-cost compared with the existing temporal EC algorithms. With its simple composition, it is could be easily used in multimedia communication systems with H.264/AVC coding standard.

BOU-Based Cycle Determination for Different Kinds of Mechanical Vibration Signals

The cycle of each vibration component of a mixed signal is a very important parameter for reciprocating mechanical vibration signal processing. The cycle determination also has an important influence to obtain the typical characteristics of every sub-signal, to achieve the fault detection and diagnosis of the equipment. But signals acquired at the scene tend to a mixture of a variety of vibration components that have their own periodic characteristics. This paper mainly proposes a method based on the conception of the basic operation unit(BOU) for mechanical vibration signal processing, and the principles and processes of this method are described in detail. Simulation method is introduced in order to explain this principles. Furthermore, A Delphi programming is developed to realize this simulation implementation, and simulation results are demonstrated to fully verify its correctness. Finally, a method to quickly determine the various vibration component cycles is put forward.

Simulative method for the optical processor reconfiguration on a dynamically reconfigurable optical platform

With the reconfiguration technique, users can configure the optical processor of a new optical computing platform, the ternary optical computer (TOC), into 42 specific basic operation units, and reconfigure it when the computation is completed. A simulative method of software for this technique is proposed in this paper. Also, an elaborate experiment based on this software is discussed. This simulation of reconfiguration demonstrates that the theory of reconfiguring optical processor in TOC is valid and also lays the foundation for the hardware implementation of the reconfiguration technique.

Principles, structures, and implementation of reconfigurable ternary optical processors

This paper discusses the principles, structures, and implementation procedures for reconfiguring a ternary optical processor (TOP). Typical structures, classifications, and naming of the TOP and basic operation units (BOUs) are described in this paper. The circuit implementations, commands, and processes for the recon-figuration are also discussed in detail. A simple analysis of the high performance and low power consumption of ternary optical computers is presented. Finally, an experiment is performed on reconfiguring a 1-bit BOU, which shows that the principles of reconfigurable TOPs are valid, and that the implementations and commands for the reconfiguration are effective.

Experimentation of a 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor

A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor (TOP) is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units (BOUs) and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experiment. Results of the test cases elaborately cover the every combination of BOUs and all the nine inputs of ternary processor. Both the experiment process and results analysis are given in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory of reconfiguring a TOP is valid and that the reconfiguration circuitry is effective.

Foundation and Application of Fluid End’s Vibration Model for Drilling Reciprocation Pump

With the help of digital audio technology, fault diagnosis and quick identification of multi-channel synchronous vibration signals acquired from a triplex pump in well site were achieved. A characteristic model of fluid end’s vibration for this pump was established and further verified by indoor systematic experiments. The source of various vibration components was determined, statistic relationships between these components in different conditions were regressed, and typical sub-signals excited by pump valve movement were also modeled by the use of the basic operation unit segmentation and optimal frequency matching method. These works provide a favorable tool for identifying the pump vibration signals, fault diagnosis, and dynamic modeling of drilling reciprocating pump in future. Such results also have a good contribution to study vibration problems on other types of reciprocating machinery.

Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Typical Small Watershed in Mountain Area - A Case Study of Puwa Small Watershed

With rapid sponsorship and widely spreading of sustainable development theory, the research on the sustainable development indicator systems and its evaluation became increasingly an important issue for small watershed. Small watershed was thought to be the most basic operation unit for watershed sustainable development realization, building its sustainable development indicator system was regarded as the basic approach of realizing its sustainable development. Taking Puwa small watershed as study object, this paper quantitative analysis that the status of small watershed sustainable development by using AHP-PCA method. In this paper, taking AHP-PCA method as a powerful tool, by calculating comprehensive evaluation values of sustainable development as well as objective analysis of the level of sustainable development in different years the sustainable development situation of Puwa small watershed was evaluated. Corresponding strategies were put forward to supply relational decision-making departments with reference.

Tagalog Monosyllabic Roots

When loanwords are excluded, one realizes that many Tagalog words are based on monosyllabic roots (consonant-vowel-consonant). These roots combine among themselves or with affixes to generate disyllabic or trisyllabic radicals, which are the basic operational units of Tagalog morphology, as for example *tul in *pu- + *tul > putol 'cut' (compare *pu- + *gut > pugot 'decapitated') and *tul + *-i? > tult? 'circumcized'. In addition some radicals seem to be built on vowel-consonant-vowel sequences that I call triads, as for example *b- + *-ilu- + *-g > bilog 'circle', *k- + *-ilu- + *-? > kil6? 'curved', *s- + *-ilu- + *-? > silo? 'loop'.