Basic Modification Research Articles

Innovative fabrication of eco-friendly bio-based foam from sugarcane bagasse and sodium alginate with enhanced properties and sustainable applications for plastic replacement

Foam materials possess notable features, including low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity, and high impact resistance, making them extensively used in various sectors such as construction, transportation, water treatment, and packaging. However, the majority of commercial foam materials are derived from synthetic polymers based on fossil fuels, which raises concerns regarding health and ecology. In this work, we present a straightforward and scalable approach (physical cross-linking and common pressure drying) for fabricating a bio-based foam material using pulp fibers sourced from discarded sugarcane bagasse and sodium alginate extracted from seaweed. The resulting foam material exhibits low density (13.7–20.5 kg/m3), exceptional thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity as low as 38.6 mW/mK), thermal stability (no deformation at 140 °C), and mechanical strength. After a basic silane modification, it also shows favorable water resistance (with a contact angle of 128°). Moreover, the foam material demonstrates remarkable degradation performance, with a degradation rate exceeding 93.8 % after 90 days of burial in soil. Therefore, this novel method offers a sustainable solution for eco-friendly foam production across various application domains.

A comprehensive review of cellulose nanomaterials for adsorption of wastewater pollutants: focus on dye and heavy metal Cr adsorption and oil/water separation

AbstractCellulose is widely distributed in higher plants and constitutes the most abundant natural biopolymer on Earth. Nanocellulose is a cellulose material with nanoscale dimensions, obtained through special processing and treatment. Up to now, nanocellulose has been widely investigated as a biosorbent to absorb various types of pollutants in wastewater due to its excellent properties, such as large specific surface area, antifouling behaviour, high aspect ratio, high heat resistance, excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility. In addition, nanocellulose can be rationally structured by different recombination techniques such as membranes, sponges, aerogels, hydrogels and microspheres and provide specialised functionality for the adsorption of various types of pollutants from wastewater. This review introduces the basic properties, classification and modification methods of nanocellulose; discusses the preparation strategies of nanocellulose-based recombinant materials (including vacuum/pressurised filtration, sol–gel and electrospinning); reviews research progress in the adsorption of organic dyes and heavy metal Cr, as well as the separation of oil/water using nanocellulose-based recombinant materials; and explores the potential of nanocellulose in treating tannery wastewater. Finally, the problems faced by nanocellulose-based recombinant materials and future prospects are presented. Graphical Abstract

Enhancing heat transfer with a hybrid vortex generator combining delta wing and winglet designs: A numerical study using the GEKO turbulence model

This paper presents a numerical study on the enhancement of heat transfer in a solar air heater (SAH) duct with Hybrid Vortex Generators (HVG) placed periodically along the flow direction on its heated wall (absorber plate) for fluid flow and convection heat transfer at Reynolds numbers between 4121 and 25,365. HVGs consist of a trapezoidal winglet (TWL) for HVG-winglet-base-angles θ = 45° and 30°, or a combination of a delta winglet (DWL) with a delta wing (DWG) for angles θ = 26°, 18° and 12°. The angle of attack for the winglet (TWL or DWL) in the HVG is set at 30°, while the merging angle with the DWG is 45°, and the relative height BR = e/H = 0.48 remains constant. Initially, the effects on heat transfer and friction factor of Trapezoidal Winglet Vortex Generator (TWVG) and HVG45 (θ = 45°) obtained by basic modification on TWVG are investigated under the same flow conditions for PR = 1.5 and Re = 11,205. Subsequently, parametric studies are performed for five different HVG-winglet-base-angles (θ = 45°, 30°, 26°, 18° and 12°) and three different longitudinal pitch ratios (PR = PL/H = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). The calculations are performed with ANSYS Fluent 2021R2 based on the finite volume method. In order to model turbulent flow, the GEKO (GEneralized K-Omega) turbulence model recently developed by ANSYS and based on the k-ω formulation is used. HVG45, obtained by basic modification on TWVG, produces slightly stronger and more effective longitudinal vortices compared to TWVG, showing a 3.87 % decrease in friction factor and a 4.11 % increase in Nusselt number and thus a 5.43 % increase in Thermal Enhancement Factor (TEF). Parametric investigations are conducted across a range of values for both θ and PR. The highest rise in friction factor is attained at the lowest Reynolds number, reaching a value of f/f0 = 54.52, while the most significant enhancement in heat transfer rate is noted at the highest Reynolds number, with Nu/Nu0 = 5.86 for θ = 45° and PR = 1.0. The TEF reaches 2.42 at the lowest Reynolds number for the HVG18 with a winglet-base-angle of 18° and a longitudinal pitch ratio of 1.5. The resulting findings not only offers a new approach to improve the thermal performance of solar air heaters but also hints at the potential success of the GEKO model in predicting turbulent flow and heat transfer analysis.

Lowered GnT-I Activity Decreases Complex-Type N-Glycan Amounts and Results in an Aberrant Primary Motor Neuron Structure in the Spinal Cord.

The attachment of sugar to proteins and lipids is a basic modification needed for organismal survival, and perturbations in glycosylation cause severe developmental and neurological difficulties. Here, we investigated the neurological consequences of N-glycan populations in the spinal cord of Wt AB and mgat1b mutant zebrafish. Mutant fish have reduced N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnT-I) activity as mgat1a remains intact. GnT-I converts oligomannose N-glycans to hybrid N-glycans, which is needed for complex N-glycan production. MALDI-TOF MS profiles identified N-glycans in the spinal cord for the first time and revealed reduced amounts of complex N-glycans in mutant fish, supporting a lesion in mgat1b. Further lectin blotting showed that oligomannose N-glycans were more prevalent in the spinal cord, skeletal muscle, heart, swim bladder, skin, and testis in mutant fish relative to WT AB, supporting lowered GnT- I activity in a global manner. Developmental delays were noted in hatching and in the swim bladder. Microscopic images of caudal primary (CaP) motor neurons of the spinal cord transiently expressing EGFP in mutant fish were abnormal with significant reductions in collateral branches. Further motor coordination skills were impaired in mutant fish. We conclude that identifying the neurological consequences of aberrant N-glycan processing will enhance our understanding of the role of complex N-glycans in development and nervous system health.

Basic and microwave modification processes to produce new activated carbon adsorbents based on Pistacia atlantica Kurdica nuts as carbonaceous raw material; A comparative study on the adsorption and elimination of acid blue 113

The nutshell of the pistachio tree was used as a precursor for producing new activated carbon (AC) adsorbent. The raw material was rinsed in H3PO4 (85 % w/w) and heated in a cylindrical furnace at 350 °C/90 min to 700 °C/60 min in a He and NH3 atmosphere. To change the surface chemistry, basic modification of AC was done under the NH3 atmosphere at 700 °C. The FT-IR spectrum showed apparent changes. The microwave, as second modification method, led to significant changes in the porosity properties of AC, especially in the surface area. The SEM images showed the differences in the morphology of the modified and unmodified samples. In the next step, an improved adsorption process was implemented to remove acid blue 113 (AB113). Basic and microwave-modified AC (BMM-AC) showed an enhanced removal efficiency of more than 97.54 % compared to AC, 60.32 %, microwave-modified AC (MM-AC), 73.08 %, and basic modified AC (BM-AC) 88.72 %, which revealed the positive role of the modification methods. Increasing the SBET from 238.8 to 368.6 m2/g using microwaves and changing the surface chemistry by basic modification were significant results of the study. These changes led to the construction of an improved removal process using BMM-AC to eliminate AB113.

Beyond the cow: Consumer perceptions and information impact on acceptance of precision fermentation-produced cheese in Germany

Precision fermentation (PF) is a process for producing dairy products without the need for cows. The technology is considered to have potential for addressing sustainability issues by producing high-nutritional proteins with lower resource consumption. As knowledge about the impact of information as well as of perceived benefits and risks on consumer acceptance is still low we conducted an experimental study with 2,035 German participants. We tested five information treatments regarding basic facts, technology, genetic modification, and similarity to other products using a between-subject design. Furthermore, we included potential benefits and risks concerning animal welfare/farmers’ livelihoods, food quality (consistency and naturalness), land use, nature, and market. Our analysis only shows a significantly negative, but low, impact of information about genetic modification on consumers’ willingness to try PF cheese. We were further able to reveal that consumers are positively influenced by benefits that emphasize the consistent quality and sustainability aspects of PF cheese. The negative arguments addressing farmers’ risk of losing their source of income and the potential market power of large companies appear to be the greatest acceptance-reducing influence. Overall, this study serves as a basis for the successful marketing and communication of PF cheese.

Simulation study on basic road performance and modification mechanism of red mud modified asphalt mixture

Abstract In order to study the basic road performance and the mechanism of red mud modified asphalt, Marshall test, rut test, freeze-thaw splitting test, and immersion Marshall test were carried out for matrix asphalt mixture and red mud modified asphalt mixture, and molecular simulation technology was introduced to study the mechanism of red mud modified asphalt. The results showed that the penetration rate of red mud modified asphalt was lower than that of the matrix asphalt, and the softening point of asphalt was significantly improved after the addition of red mud, and the mixing of red mud reduced the asphalt ductility greatly. The intensity ratio (test strength ratio; TSR) of the freeze-thaw test of red mud modified asphalt under 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11% was increased by 13.18, 11.22, 13.54, 12.01, and 8.45%, respectively, compared with the matrix asphalt mixture, and the dynamic stability value increased by 127.23, 176.87, 200.99, 96.23, and 12.95%; the residual stability value of the immersion Marshall test increased obviously. Generally, the research of red mud modified asphalt is quite worthy, it can solve the problem of aluminum ore slag and reuse of resources, and provide a new way to extend the industrial chain.

Biosorptive removal of fluoride from wastewater using tea domestic waste biochar

AbstractThe biochar of tea domestic waste was applied to eliminate F− from their aqueous artificial solutions and real contaminated wastewater. Pre-pyrolysis chemical activation method was used to synthesize biochar from tea domestic waste. Two modification methods were applied, acidic modification using H3PO4 (H-modified form) and basic modification using NaOH (OH-modified form). The synthesized forms of tea biochars were characterized by the determination of ash content, bulk density, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses to detect the pore size, specific surface area, and pore volume, Elemental analyses to detect C, H, O, and N contents, Thermogravimetric analyses to detect the thermal behavior of biochars, and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses to detect the functional active groups of biochars. The synthesized forms of tea biochars were optimized for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions via filter bags method and applied in enhancement of the quality of wastewater from the factories of the new Borg El-Arab City, Egypt. The highest biosorption efficacy achieved was 109.18 mg F−/g biochar using the H-modified form under the optimum conditions of biochar dosage: pH: 2, 0.25 g/l, temperature: 50 °C, initial concentration of F−: 500 mg/l, exposure time: 30 min, and agitation rate: 300 rpm. The OH-modified form achieved less than half biosorption efficacy which reached 49.39 mg F−/g biochar. The existence of competitive anions in the solution had a negative influence on F− biosorption efficacy, where the impact followed the order of PO43− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > HCO3−. The H-modified tea biochar proved to be a promising biosorbent for industrial wastewater treatment by achieving removal efficacy ranges of 80.89–93.31% and returning all violated F− concentrations to the allowable limit. Sustainable development can be greatly supported by using domestic tea wastes in the removal of F− due to the dual disposal of waste and contaminants at the same time. The tea wastes are eco-safe and cheap biosorbent material can be utilized as a precursor for an efficacious tool for the elimination of F− from artificial solutions in addition to real wastewater.

Crosstalk between G-Quadruplexes and Dnmt3a-Mediated Methylation of the c-MYC Oncogene Promoter.

The methylation of cytosines at CpG sites in DNA, carried out de novo by DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a, is a basic epigenetic modification involved in gene regulation and genome stability. Aberrant CpG methylation in gene promoters leads to oncogenesis. In oncogene promoters, CpG sites often colocalize with guanine-rich sequences capable of folding into G-quadruplexes (G4s). Our in vitro study aimed to investigate how parallel G4s formed by a sequence derived from the c-MYC oncogene promoter region affect the activity of the Dnmt3a catalytic domain (Dnmt3a-CD). For this purpose, we designed synthetic oligonucleotide constructs: a c-MYC G4-forming oligonucleotide and linear double-stranded DNA containing an embedded stable extrahelical c-MYC G4. The topology and thermal stability of G4 structures in these DNA models were analyzed using physicochemical techniques. We showed that Dnmt3a-CD specifically binds to an oligonucleotide containing c-MYC G4, resulting in inhibition of its methylation activity. c-MYC G4 formation in a double-stranded context significantly reduces Dnmt3a-CD-induced methylation of a CpG site located in close proximity to the quadruplex structure; this effect depends on the distance between the non-canonical structure and the specific CpG site. One would expect DNA hypomethylation near the G4 structure, while regions distant from this non-canonical form would maintain a regular pattern of high methylation levels. We hypothesize that the G4 structure sequesters the Dnmt3a-CD and impedes its proper binding to B-DNA, resulting in hypomethylation and activation of c-MYC transcription.

The effect of acidic–basic structural modification of nickel-based catalyst for ammonia decomposition for hydrogen generation

The utilization of non-precious nickel-based catalyst in increasing ammonia dissociation for COx-free hydrogen production was investigated. Typically, Co, La and basic metal oxides (Na, K, Ba) promoters were synthesized with nickel over acidic gamma alumina support. The main objective of the study was to modify the acid-base surface of catalyst structure thereby increasing ammonia dissociation activity. The catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition was strongly influenced by the addition of Na and K oxide promoters over 15 %Ni/Al2O3 resulting in moderate-stronger basic sites suitable for ammonia conversion. The addition of Na and K oxides showed a clear trend in tuning the trimetallic catalyst and significantly reducing the amount of strongly adsorbed hydrogen on the catalyst surface. This results in higher ammonia conversion which increased as a function of temperature to 32.4 %, 67.5 % and 95.3 % at 430 ᵒC, 485 ᵒC, and 533 ᵒC, respectively. Ammonia conversion using promoters was stable with no degradation of performance and the conversion increased with the decrease in WHSV. The catalytic reactivity over trimetallic catalysts was systematically influenced by their basic-acidic property that promoted ammonia dehydrogenation on the surface of nickel oxide-based catalyst.

Numerical investigation of basic oxygen furnace slag modification with gas bottom-blowing and SiO2 modifier

Numerical investigation of basic oxygen furnace slag modification with gas bottom-blowing and SiO2 modifier

A comparative study between three of the physical antifouling techniques for oily wastewater filtration using ceramic membranes: Namely; the novel periodic transmembrane pressure technique, pulsatile flow, and backflushing

In this study, we evaluate the performance of the newly developed periodic transmembrane pressure technique (PTMP) in relation to two conventional physical antifouling techniques, namely, backwashing and backpulsing in the context of the filtration of oily water systems using ceramic membranes. The results demonstrate that the novel PTMP established higher performance than the other two techniques. Values of the overall permeate volume, steady-state permeate flux, residual flux, and fouling reversibility using the PTMP were shown to be higher than those of the other two techniques. In addition, visual inspection of the internal surface of membrane channels post-filtration shows that the PTMP achieved a clean as-new surface compared to the other two techniques. Resistances-in-series model analysis was employed to inspect and analyze the development of fouling upon using the three techniques. PTMP presented a negligible internal resistance and a small cake layer resistance compared to backwashing, pulsatile flow, and regular crossflow filtration. The PTMP is therefore a promising physical antifouling method that can be implemented in an existing crossflow filtration system with basic modification, in addition to the ease of use and energy efficiency.

HMGB1, angel or devil, in ischemic stroke.

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is extensively involved in causing ischemic stroke, pathological damage of ischemic brain injury, and neural tissue repair after ischemic brain injury. However, the precise role of HMGB1 in ischemic stroke remains to be elucidated. Comprehensive literature search and narrative review to summarize the current field of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemic based on the basic structure, structural modification, and functional roles of HMGB1 described in the literature. Studies have exhibited the crucial roles of HMGB1 in cell death, immunity and inflammation, thrombosis, and remodeling and repair. HMGB1 released after cerebral infarction is extensively involved in the pathological injury process in the early stage of cerebral infarction, whereas it is involved in the promotion of brain tissue repair and remodeling in the late stage of cerebral infarction. HMGB1 plays a neurotrophic role in acute white matter stroke, whereas it causes sustained activation of inflammation and plays a damaging role in chronic white matter ischemia. HMGB1 plays a complex role in cerebral infarction, which is related to not only the modification of HMGB1 and bound receptors but also different stages and subtypes of cerebral infarction. future studies on HMGB1 should investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of HMGB1 after cerebral infarction. Moreover, future studies on HMGB1 should attempt to integrate different stages and infarct subtypes of cerebral infarction.

Microfluidic Continuous Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture and Isolation

AbstractCirculating Tumor Cells (CTCs) enrichment technology refers to medical approaches for capturing and isolating target tumor cells, which has drawn great attention owing to its applications in the clinic such as cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as an important platform for CTCs capture and isolation. However, due to the inert surface nature, the molecular phenotype analysis of CTCs and identification sensitivity remain a huge challenge. Herein, an ultrasound‐activated microfluidic method is presented for rapid basic modification of magnetic nanoparticles, laying the foundation for further covalently binding of functional groups to capture CTCs. In this work, Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles obtained from microfluidics are hybridized with folic acid for the capture and isolation of CTCs with folate receptors such as Hela cells. The usage of microfluidic technology to upgrade Fe3O4 nanoparticles provides the possibility for improving the detective efficiency of rare cells associated with malignancies, which sheds new light on future clinical applications.

Omniphobic membranes in membrane distillation for desalination applications: A mini-review

Membrane processes are extensively used to provide purified water from various saline water bodies. Membrane distillation (MD), one such membrane process, is mainly used for desalinating highly saline feed waters and to provide clean water. The design of robust membranes recently received considerable attention to address wetting, scaling, and fouling issues that hampered performance in long-term MD process. The current review discusses the omniphobic membranes employed in MD process for desalinating highly saline feedwaters containing diverse low surface tension substances. Also, it summarizes the basic concepts, fabrication and modification methods involved in designing omniphobic membranes. The developed omniphobic membranes have re-entrant structures and low surface energy which effectively provided anti-wetting and anti-fouling ability against saline feedwaters containing various low-surface tension substances. Further, the review focused on future research directions for developing omniphobic membranes for MD desalination applications.

Basic amino acid-mediated cationic amphiphilic surfaces for antimicrobial pH monitoring sensor with wound healing effects

BackgroundThe wound healing process is a complex cascade of physiological events, which are vulnerable to both our body status and external factors and whose impairment could lead to chronic wounds or wound healing impediments. Conventional wound healing materials are widely used in clinical management, however, they do not usually prevent wounds from being infected by bacteria or viruses. Therefore, simultaneous wound status monitoring and prevention of microbial infection are required to promote healing in clinical wound management.MethodsBasic amino acid-modified surfaces were fabricated in a water-based process via a peptide coupling reaction. Specimens were analyzed and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle, and molecular electrostatic potential via Gaussian 09. Antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition tests were conducted on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biocompatibility was determined through cytotoxicity tests on human epithelial keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. Wound healing efficacy was confirmed by mouse wound healing and cell staining tests. Workability of the pH sensor on basic amino acid-modified surfaces was evaluated on normal human skin and Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension, and in vivo conditions.ResultsBasic amino acids (lysine and arginine) have pH-dependent zwitterionic functional groups. The basic amino acid-modified surfaces had antifouling and antimicrobial properties similar to those of cationic antimicrobial peptides because zwitterionic functional groups have intrinsic cationic amphiphilic characteristics. Compared with untreated polyimide and modified anionic acid (leucine), basic amino acid-modified polyimide surfaces displayed excellent bactericidal, antifouling (reduction ~ 99.6%) and biofilm inhibition performance. The basic amino acid-modified polyimide surfaces also exhibited wound healing efficacy and excellent biocompatibility, confirmed by cytotoxicity and ICR mouse wound healing tests. The basic amino acid-modified surface-based pH monitoring sensor was workable (sensitivity 20 mV pH−1) under various pH and bacterial contamination conditions.ConclusionHere, we developed a biocompatible and pH-monitorable wound healing dressing with antimicrobial activity via basic amino acid-mediated surface modification, creating cationic amphiphilic surfaces. Basic amino acid-modified polyimide is promising for monitoring wounds, protecting them from microbial infection, and promoting their healing. Our findings are expected to contribute to wound management and could be expanded to various wearable healthcare devices for clinical, biomedical, and healthcare applications.

Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip: A Case Report of a U.S. Soldier.

Transient osteoporosis of the hip is described as an uncommon, self-limiting condition that typically affects middle-aged men and pregnant women in their third trimester. Transient osteoporosis most commonly affects the hip, but cases have been described in the knee, ankle, and foot. Symptoms include pain, limited range of motion, and antalgic gait. A greater level of awareness of transient osteoporosis of the hip as a differential diagnosis for hip pain will obviate unnecessary, inefficient, or unproductive interventions and treatments. Transient osteoporosis of the hip is a self-limiting disease process that requires only symptomatic treatment such as basic analgesia, physical therapy, and activity modification. On average, recovery is seen within 6-12 months.

Unsteady gas dynamics and local heat transfer of pulsating flows in profiled channels mainly to the intake system of a reciprocating engine

• The secondary vortex flows of pulsating flows in profiled channels were analysed. • The turbulence intensity of pulsating flows in profiled channels was determined. • The effects of profiled channels on heat transfer in an engine intake system have been established. • An assessment of the key indicators of a diesel engine with a profiled intake system was performed. This article presents the results of experimental research into the gas dynamics and heat transfer of pulsating air flows in an intake system with square and triangular channels, as well as data from bench tests of a diesel engine. The research was carried out on both a full-scale model of a piston engine and a test bench with a diesel engine. In the first stage, some detailed data on the gas-dynamic and heat exchange characteristics of pulsating flows in the intake system were obtained. It is shown that the gas-dynamic effects typical of square and triangular channels have a significant impact on the flow and heat-transfer characteristics. It is established that the intensity of the turbulence of pulsating flows increases to 22% in the intake system with profiled channels (increased small-scale turbulence), while the amplitudes of the spectrum of flow velocity functions decrease to 33% (suppression of large-scale oscillations). It is shown that a square or triangular channel in the intake system leads to an increase in air mass flow in the range of 5% to 12% compared to the base system. It was found that the increase in the heat transfer coefficient is from 3% to 25% when profiled channels are used. In the second stage, bench tests of a diesel engine with different intake system configurations were carried out to evaluate the technical and economic performance. It is established that the use of profiled channels in the intake system leads to an increase in diesel power of up to 15% compared to the basic modification (while the engine efficiency remains unchanged). The data obtained supplement existing information on the gas-dynamic and heat-exchange characteristics of pulsating flows in profiled channels and can be used in the development of new designs for piston engine intake systems.

A Practical Approach to Implement Releases and Partial Fixities in Finite Elements Using Already Existing Stiffness Equations

The usefulness of Finite Element (FE) models for many engineering purposes depends on the element's ability to support a variety of end-connection types including releases and partial-fixities. However, adding such features to a FE model would require additional theoretical effort in the element development process. Alternatively, zero-length external connector-elements can be used in the mesh structure, but this will complicate both mesh definition and assemblage operations. This study shows that the existing stiffness equations of any FE model with regular rigid connections can be effectively employed to automatically define both end-releases and end-partial-fixities by simply applying a basic matrix-equation modification process without the need for any additional theoretical development on the element itself. Our process can be summarized in three basic steps. Firstly, element equations are separated from the system equation by defining element’s own degree-of-freedoms (DOFs). Secondly, elastic springs are introduced between the element and the system. Finally, the element is merged back into the system by eliminating its newly defined DOFs from the emerged equations. It has been verified by examples that, using these steps results in a new set of element equations with the desired end-releases/partial fixities and can be used in custom FE models.

Research Progress of LiFePO4 Cathode for Lithium-ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), with their high energy density and desirable cycling performance, have become the dominant battery technology for everything from portable electronics to electric vehicles. In recent years, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has been regarded as one of the most attractive cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its good cycling stability, low price and excellent safety. However, the rapid development of LiFePO4 is limited by key challenges such as low conductivity and low diffusion rate of Li+. In order to improve these defects, many studies have been carried out to improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4. In this paper, the basic structure, charge-discharge principle, preparation method and modification of lithium iron phosphate are reviewed, and the research on improving the electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate at home and abroad are reviewed, including surface coating, ion doping and material nanocrystallization. At last, the development trend of this field is prospected, and the direction of future research is suggested.