Basic Medical Practice Research Articles

Headache disorders and relevant sex and socioeconomic patterns in adolescents and young adults across 204 countries and territories: an updated global analysis.

Primary headache disorders are a group of highly prevalent and disabling neurological diseases that mainly consist of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). A previous study showed that the burden of headaches peaked at a working age that ranged from 15 to 49, particularly among females, affecting their productivity and severely damaging their social interactions. The latest dataset was retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Three indicators, including prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs), were adopted for evaluation. The overall and specific headache burdens were fully compared and analysed at global, regional, and national levels. The ratio of female YLD rates to male YLD rates due to headaches was calculated to estimate the sex pattern. Finally, we utilized the two-tailed Spearman test to explore the potential association between socioeconomic background and headaches among young people. Globally, for overall headache disorders, a total of 2,049,979,883 prevalent cases (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1,864,148,110 to 2,239,388,034), 601,229,802 incident cases (95% UI: 530,329,914 to 681,007,934), and 38,355,993 YLDs (95% UI: 7,259,286 to 83,634,503) were observed for those aged 10 to 54 in 2019. Sex differences were widely found for all headache types among adolescents and young adults, especially migraine. However, the most interesting finding was that the associations we tested between the socioeconomic environment and young headache patients were positive, regardless of region or specific country or territory. Overall, the global burden of headaches in adolescents and young adults largely increased from 1990 to 2019. Although slight declines were observed in sex differences, they remained significant and challenging. The positive correlations between headache and socioeconomic background among young people were relatively inconsistent with previous investigations, and several related hypotheses were proposed for explanation. Interdisciplinary actions involving education, policy- and law-making, and basic medical practice are desperately needed to further fight against the headache burden, promote gender equality in headache care, and eliminate the stigmatization of headache patients in student and working groups.

The status of anatomy education in scope of the national core education program 2020: The case of Turkey

Objective: Many branches of science are constantly changing and developing according to the innovations and the requirements of the era. Developments and medical information, especially in the field of medicine, renew itself every year. In this study, we aimed to analyze comparatively the place of anatomy education, which has an important place in undergraduate medical education, in the National Core Education Program (NCEP)-2020.
 Material and Methods: In this study, the categories of basic medical practices in NCEP-2020, clinical symptoms/findings/situations, core diseases/clinical problems and the relationship between learning levels and anatomy education were evaluated one by one. Parameters were expressed in percentile using a descriptive statistical method. There are 157 Basic Medical Practices in 9 sub-categories (A-I) within the scope of NCEP-2020.
 Results: It was determined that 48 of these were related to anatomy education. The number of basic medical practice was mostly in the E sub-category (n=23, 47.92%). The second sub-category with the highest number of basic medical practices was determined as B (n=16, 33.33%).
 Conclusion: One of the important conclusions we have reached within the scope of the study is that NCEP-2020 has an important place in terms of scope in determining, developing and standardizing the educational curricula of medical faculties.

23255 Devices Engineered to Collect Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) and their Applications

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Human exhaled breath is rich in metabolomic content that represents pulmonary function and gas exchange with blood, which can provide insights into an individual’s state of health. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Human exhaled breath is rich in metabolomic content that represents pulmonary function and gas exchange with blood. It contains a mixture of compounds that offer insight into an individual’s state of health. Here, we present two novel non-invasive breath sampling devices for use in basic medical practice. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The two breath samplers have a disposable mouthpiece, a set of inhale and exhale one-way flap valves to allow condensation of exhaled breath only, and a saliva filter. The housing is constructed out of Teflon®, a chemically inert material to reduce chemical absorbance. The first device condenses exhaled breath into a frozen condensate using dry ice pellets and the other is a miniaturized design that liquifies exhaled breath on a condenser surface with micropatterned features on a cooling plate. Both designs have individual strategic and analytical advantages: frozen exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has high retention of analytes and sample volume; EBC collected in liquid phase offers facilitated sample collection and device portability. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We investigated if breath aerosol size distribution affects the types or abundances of metabolites. We modified the geometry of the first device to redirect aerosol trajectories based on size. The trapping of larger aerosols increases with filter length, thus altering the aerosol size distribution although no significant changes in the metabolite profiles were found. With the miniaturized device, metabolite abundances were measured in a small cohort of healthy control and mild asthmatic subjects. Differences among subjects were found, as well as main differences between control and asthmatic groups. All analyses of EBC were performed with liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Inflammatory suppression found in asthmatic subjects can be explained by prescribed daily use of inhaled corticosteroids. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Breath collection devices can be used in intensive care units, outpatient clinics, workplaces, and at home. EBC analysis has been used to monitor asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can be applied to infectious respiratory diseases (e.g. influenza, COVID-19) and for monitoring environmental and occupational chemical exposures.

THE PROGRAM OF PROPHYLAXIS OF THE DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN IN THE CHILDREN’S POLYCLINIC

For the development a program for the prevention of dentoalveolar anomalies for children’s dental clinic, there were investigated features of the orthodontic status in children of primary school age and factors affecting its formation. The authors have been proposed preventive measures for two levels of the implementation: conjointly with teaching staff of the schools and involvement of the family (the so-called «school level»), as well as the treatment and prevention activity of children’s specialists from the dental polyclinic (polyclinic level). The mentioned measures have been structured and formulated by authors as «the preventive program». The implementation of the program for the prevention of dentoalveolar anomalies in basic medical practice showed it pronounced clinical and social effect

Living kidney donor evaluation: A simplistic approach

Donating an organ is donating a new life. This is a remarkable act of the donor, and due to this donated organ, transplantation has become a routine practice with miraculous results, but the process of organ procurement, donation, and harvesting is not a simple one as organ transplantation sounds fascinating. This is a major undertaking and serious responsibility which rests on the shoulders of the medical community, involved in the human organ transplantation, especially from the live donors to safeguard donor health. Kidney donation principle is candid which states that one person on dialysis is better than two on dialysis. Live kidney donors are superior to the cadavers. There are exhaustive protocols for kidney donor evaluation, and guidelines vary among different countries. This article will outline the practical approach of donor evaluation by employing conventional tools of basic medical practice and help this complex process be simplified and swift and practicable. Detail history, meticulous physical examination, and thorough laboratory and radiological workup must be adopted by the transplant centers which has maximum beneficial outcome by aiding pickup donor health issues. Evaluation process can be extended further based on the abnormality detected during this workup which guides appropriate action to rectify the problem, thus protecting donor by precluding donation cost-effectively. Major point to be stressed through this article is protecting the donor health not only during the postoperative period but also providing lifelong donor follow-up.

Verkehrsmedizin in der Grundversorger-Praxis

Many consequences of an illness or an accident that are treated in the form of basic medical practice consequences concerned can either be directly caused by the illness or accident, or result from the ensuing treatment. A physician providing basic medical care is therefore often confronted with traffic medicine issues. Moreover, most Swiss cantons have charged general practitioners with carrying out the legally prescribed regular check-ups for motorists aged over 70. General practitioners thus assume the role of medical examiner for these bi-annual check-ups. This paper discusses basic aspects in connection with general practitioners' evaluation of a person's aptitude for driving and with frequent traffic medicine issues dealt with in basic medical practice. Special emphasis is placed on best practice in the regular check-ups for over 70-year-old motorists.

What tangled webs we weave Presidential address

Philosophically addresses began to reflect on the changing face of the practice of obstetrics and gynecology with each generation decrying or justifying the changes according to its own values and experiences. Such a major change is occurring now because of technological advances. This extension of capabilities has led to some legal and ethical considerations with which medicine did not have to contend previously. The physician and the patient are at the very center of this technological revolution. This raises concerns that involve the patient as well as the physician. For example almost all major centers have fetal monitoring facilities and 1 of the foremost proponents and authorities in this field concludes that continuous monitoring is preferable to intermittent ausculation even in low risk women. This same physician supported the development of the midwife program which has been claimed to the the latest growth industry. Besides midwifery the patient has been choosing alternate birthing techniques in the hospital and even in the home and the father is now an important part of this scene. With increased knowledge of prenatal care it is now possible to designate the high risk patiengt and monitor her closely during her gestation. The increased knowledge of the parameters that determine fetal maturity has led to the marked decrease in fetal morbidity and mortality. A large percentage of the 750 gm infants are being saved. The concern is how soon will attempts be made to salvage a questionable 500 gm infant and at what cost. In the early 1960s research centers deluged physicians with reports of the dangers of the oral contraceptive. A pattern of fear concern and then rational logic in the use of it evolved. This was also the case with estrogen. Will the next generations background be humanistic enough moral enough and family oriented enough to formulate the guidelines of a physician and not those of a technician? This web of concern is raised because several studies have indicated that 85% of the health care in the US is given by the private practitioner and only 15% is done in health care institutions and teaching centers. To better prepare residents the senior year in schools should not be devoted to clerkchips related to their specialty. They should be exposed to a broad range of basic medical practice and after graduation they should have a rotating internship. Then they enter the obstetrician/gynecologist medical specialty.