Basic Life Cycle Research Articles

Assessing the Environmental Impact of Aircraft Maintenance

This study intends to investigate the maintenance of the sample aircraft under C-check with the environmental impact approach. With this research, maintenance of both aircraft types is divided into related subsystems and total process hours are determined in man-hours. Thus, it is aimed to show that environmental impacts should be taken into consideration in maintenance planning. The environmental effects that occur during aircraft maintenance operations are analysed. Environmental impact analysis, a basic life cycle analysis, is conducted under ISO 14044. Impacts (Impact on Human Health, Impact on Ecosystem Quality Impact and Resources Impact) have been calculated according to the Eco-Indicator99 database using SimaPro, which is the Life Cycle Analysis program. In the light of all results, it is seen that the C-check for Boeing 737 has a significant negative impact on the resources, ecosystem quality, and human health especially in all ATA100 categories.

The Truman Show for Human Helminthic Parasites: A Review of Recent Advances in In Vitro Cultivation Platforms.

Throughout history, parasites and parasitic diseases have been humankind's constant companions, as evidenced by the findings of tapeworm eggs in ancient, mummified remains. Helminths are responsible for causing severe, long-term, and debilitating infectious diseases worldwide, especially affecting economically challenged nations due to prevailing deficits in access to sanitation, proper hygiene practices, and healthcare infrastructure. Socio-ecological drivers, such as poverty, migration, and climate change, continue to contribute to parasites and their disease vectors being spread beyond known endemic zones. The study of parasitic diseases has had a fair amount of success leading to the development of new chemotherapeutic agents and the implementation of parasite eradication programs. However, further progress in this direction has been hampered by the challenges of culturing some of these parasites in in vitro systems for efficient availability, basic life cycle, infection studies, and effectiveness of novel treatment strategies. The complexity of the existing models varies widely, depending on the parasite and its life cycle, ranging from basic culture methods to advanced 3D systems. This review aims to highlight the research conducted so far in culturing and maintaining parasites in an in vitro setting, thereby contributing to a better understanding of pathogenicity and generating new insights into their lifecycles in the hopes of leading to effective treatments and prevention strategies. This work is the first comprehensive outline of existing in vitro models for highly transmissible helminth diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality in humans globally.

Fisheries Biology and Basic Life-Cycle Characteristics of the Invasive Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in the Estuarine Area of the Evros River (Northeast Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean)

The catch per unit effort (CPUE), population structure, sex ratio, and reproductive aspects of the invasive blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun were studied in Monolimni Lagoon and the adjacent coastal waters in the estuarine area of the Evros River (Northeast Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean). The CPUE varied both seasonally and spatially; higher values were recorded in summer and fall in the lagoonal stations characterized by shallow depth (<0.5 m) and a dense meadow of the angiosperm Ruppia maritima, whereas significantly lower CPUE was recorded in the adjacent coastal area. The bottom temperature was positively correlated with CPUE. Μodal progression analysis estimated a three-modal size–frequency distribution for both sexes corresponding to the 0+, 1+, and 2+ age classes. Females attained a significantly larger size (carapace width (CW)) than males. Crab size decreased from the marine area to the lagoonal stations. The sex ratio was estimated at 2.45:1 (♂/♀). Males dominated in all months, except for October, when an equal sex ratio was observed. The mean size at maturity (L50) of females was estimated at 124 mm CW. Females with mature ovaries were found from February to October. Ovigerous females were observed from May to October in the coastal area, where a spawning peak occurred in September. In the Evros River estuary, the American blue crab exhibits a life cycle that seems to conform to the general complex life-cycle pattern of the species along the mid-Atlantic coast.

Landscape Determinants of Infectivity and Insights into Vaccine Development and Effectiveness - Novel Coronavirus

Abstract: Novel technology has led to advanced approaches and understandings of viral biology, and the advent in previous years has raised the possibility of determination of mechanisms of viral replication and infection, trans-species adaption, and disease. The outbreak of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global life-threatening concern recently. The war against COVID19 has now reached the most critical point, whereby it has caused worldwide social and economic disruption. Unfortunately, limited knowledge persists among the community regarding the biology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present review will summarize the basic life cycle and replication of the well-studied coronaviruses, identifying the unique characteristics of coronavirus biology and highlighting critical points where research has made significant advances that might represent targets for antivirals or vaccines. Areas where rapid progress has been made in SARS-CoV research have been highlighted. Additionally, an overview of the efforts dedicated to an effective vaccine for this novel coronavirus, particularly different generations of vaccines, which has crippled the world, has also been discussed. Areas of concern for research in coronavirus replication, genetics, and pathogenesis have been explained as well. Speedy evaluation of multiple approaches to elicit protective immunity and safety is essential to curtail unwanted immune potentiation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this virus. Hope is to provide a glimpse into the current efforts, and the progress is made with reference to Coronaviruses and how the community can work together to prevent and control coronavirus infection now and in the future.

Gebelikte Yaşanan Cinsel Sorunlar ve Güncel Ebelik Yaklaşımı

Maslow’un temel insan gereksinimlerinden ilk basamakta yer alan cinsellik bireylerin yaşamında oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bireylerin temel yaşam döngüsünün bazı evrelerinde cinsel eylemin fizyolojisinde pek çok değişim yaşanmaktadır. Bu değişimler gebe kadınları da etkilemektedir. Oysa sağlıklı devam eden gebelik sürecinde cinsel eylemin kısıtlama olmaksızın devam etmesi son derece normaldir. Gebelikte cinsel aktivitenin farklı davranışlarla sürdürülmesi hem çiftlerin birbirlerine yakınlaşmasını hem de gebenin fiziksel ve psikolojik açıdan daha rahat hissetmesini sağlamaktadır. Ancak gebelikte cinsel eylem pek çok faktör nedeniyle kaçınılan bir durumdur. Cinsel eylem sırasında çiftlerin fetüse zarar verme korkusu cinsel aktivitelerini kısıtlamaktadır. Fakat bu süreçte çiftler sağlıklı bir evlilik ilişkisi sürdürmek için cinsel yönden aktif olmanın ikilemini yaşamaktadır. Gebelerin cinsel sorunlarla baş edebilmeleri için primer bakım veren ebelerden danışmanlık almaları son derece önemlidir. Ancak literatür bilgilerinde sağlık profesyonellerinin cinsellikle ilgili danışmanlık verme konusunda sorunlar yaşadığı vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derleme ebelerin gebelikte yaşanan cinsel sorunları tespit ederek çözebilmeleri, ihtiyaçlara uygun cinsel sağlık danışmanlığı yapabilmeleri ve güncel ebelik yaklaşımı geliştirebilmeleri amacıyla yol gösterici olarak hazırlanmıştır.

A Study on “Technology Life Cycle in Business and its Management”

In Technology there are many life cycles from various aspects and classified into different categories. Product life cycle is simple and basic life cycle for any product. This is the base for development of many other life cycles. But in literature different life cycles like Product life cycle, Technology life cycleand Industry lifecycles are often considered as interchangeable concepts though it is inappropriate. So, this paper enlightens the differences between these concepts. This study tries to understand some theoretical insight of Technology life cycle. This Study also focuses on different steps for effective technology Life cycle in Business and its Management. This research paper acts as a unique source for technology life cycle and management.

Welcome to the Hive! Honey Bee 4-H Project Book

The purpose of this publication is to provide a 4-H project book that discusses honey bees and their importance to our nation’s agriculture. The intent is to introduce the world of honey bees to youth ages 8 to 12, with or without any previous beekeeping background or knowledge. This book consists of six sections that familiarize youth with the honey bee’s basic anatomy and life cycle, the three members of the honey bee colony, their roles and responsibilities, and colony communication. Each section has been designed to give youth a brief introduction to a topic and offers activities building on that topic. Written by Megan Hammond, Amy T. Vu, Mary Bammer, Emily Helton, Karen Henry, Jessica Sullivan, and James D. Ellis; 56 pp.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h419

Economic and GHG emissions changes of aeration and gypsum application

Alternative pasture management strategies are needed to ensure long-term ecological and economical use of abundantly available poultry litter as a source of valuable nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). In combination with the common practice of broadcasting poultry litter and soil compaction from equipment and livestock traffic, pasture aeration offers the potential for added soil water penetration and reduced nutrient runoff by creating soil perforations ranging length from 5 to 15 cm using metal spikes that penetrate the soil to 15 cm depth. Also, the addition of gypsum can further reduce P runoff. We evaluate different pasture management scenarios that included gypsum application, spreading poultry litter, pasture aeration, or combinations thereof, to assess relative profitability, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and nutrient runoff effects. Specifically, default values for nutrient runoff along with an evaluation framework as provided in decision support software, as attached, assist with the selection of field activities to perform to either enhance profitability by way of forage yield improvement or to estimate the cost of mitigating nutrient runoff or GHG emissions. Using Excel®’s VBA programming we develop a decision aid that collects relevant user-specific farm parameters and literature-based default values on nutrient runoff changes with the implementation of various practices to allow the user to conduct sensitivity analyses. A basic consequential life cycle assessment offers insight on expected greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential by applying published GHG emission estimates associated with fuel and fertilizer use changes that were not calibrated in the field. A survey of producers that employed pasture aeration over a two year time period of free access to equipment was also conducted to at least capture some producer feedback. Results indicate that pasture aeration using rented equipment requires relatively little yield improvement (< 5%) to offer greater profit while reducing runoff. Given that pasture aeration is a time-intensive production practice, survey results are mixed in terms of producer willingness to adopt the practice. The tool lends itself to estimating operation-specific subsidies needed to encourage pasture aeration with the intent to reduce nutrient runoff, enhance forage yield, and thereby the feasibility of poultry litter application.

Management alternatives for Carmenta theobromae (Busck, 1910) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Simplicivalva ampliophilobia (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), limiting pests of guava in Colombia

The larval stages of Carmenta theobromae Busck (1910) and Simplicivalva ampliophilobia Davis, Gentili-Poole and Mitter (2008) attack the subcortical zone and pith in guava trees, respectively, in the first productive nucleus of fruit trees in Colombia: Hoya del Río Suárez (HRS). The presence of pest insects has been reported in 98% of the farms sampled in HRS (n = 124), with up to 96 and 11 simultaneous larvae per tree, respectively. Although the aspects of the basic biology and life cycle of both pests have been resolved, there are no strategies for managing populations in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different management alternatives under laboratory and field conditions in HRS. In laboratory conditions, a completely randomized design was used in two separate experiments, each with six treatments: T1: Spinosad (a mixture of Spinosad A and D); T2: S-1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0,0-dimethylphosphorodithioate (chemical control); T3: Lecanicillium lecanii; T4: Beauveria bassiana; T5: Mix of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, and T6: distilled water (control). The number of dead larvae per replicate per treatment was evaluated (DL), with experimental units of five and three larvae, respectively. In the field, to the two best alternatives found for each pest in the laboratory, pruning and keeping the area around the plants free of weeds were added as cultural management, in two separate additional experiments, each with three larvae as experimental unit per treatment. For C. theobromae, the best laboratory alternatives were chemical control (DL: 3.78) and L. lecanii (DL: 2.33), followed without statistical differences by B. bassiana (DL: 1.67). In the field, the virulence of B. bassiana improved (DL: 3), and together with pruning and keeping the area around the plants clear of weeds (DL: 3), they stood out as the best alternatives. For S. ampliophilobia under laboratory conditions, the best alternatives were Spinosad (2.74) and chemical control (DL: 2.66), without significant difference. In the field, there were no statistical differences between the alternatives, except for the control. This statistical parity of cultural practices, and biological and chemical management is an argument in favor of the use of the former to the detriment of the third, especially when the harmful effects of the molecule S-1,2 di (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0, 0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate have been proven in air, water and agricultural soils, in addition to its association with thyroid cancer in humans. This is a strong argument to favor the use of synergies of cultural and biological management methods framed in IPM, as opposed to the use of chemical agents whose harmful effects are strongly documented, and whose use is becoming increasingly prohibited.

Solar-driven reforming of solid waste for a sustainable future

Approximately 70% of global municipal solid waste is lost to landfills or the environment each year, an emblem of our increasingly unsustainable economic system in which materials and energy are produced, used and promptly discarded. Photoreforming is a sunlight-driven technology that can help disrupt this linear model by simultaneously reclaiming the value in waste and contributing to renewable hydrogen production. This Review examines the advantages and challenges of photoreforming of real waste streams. By reviewing literature on photoreforming and conducting basic techno-economic and life cycle assessments, we identify key pathways for enhancing the impact of photoreforming for a carbon-neutral future. Photoreforming is a sunlight-driven technology that can simultaneously reclaim the value in waste and contribute to renewable hydrogen production. This Review examines the advantages and challenges and identifies ways forward.

Comparative life cycle assessment of Fe2O3-based fibers as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) potentially represent a more sustainable, less expensive and environmentally friendly alternative to lithium-ion batteries. The development of new low-cost, non-toxic, highly performing electrode materials is the key point for the SIB technology advances. This study develops a basic life cycle assessment (LCA) model for the evaluation of the production by electrospinning of iron (III) oxide-based fibers to be used as anode materials in SIBs. Indeed, it has been recently demonstrated that electrospun silicon-doped iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) fibers exhibit outstanding electrochemical properties and gravimetric capacities never achieved before for pure Fe2O3-based anodes. The LCA methodology is utilized in order to analyze the environmental burdens (from raw material extraction to manufacturing process) of these electrode materials. The simplified comparative LCA studies, conducted to assess the environmental impacts associated with the electrospun Fe2O3 and Fe2O3:Si fibers at the same cell performance, demonstrate that the Si-doped anode material, which exhibits better electrochemical performance with respect to the undoped one, has also lower impact for each category of damage, namely human health, ecosystem quality and resources.

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Preventions, keys to diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2

World Health Organization (WHO) is gathering the latest scientific findings and knowledge on coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) and compiling it in a database. WHO update the database daily from searches of bibliographic databases, hand searches of the table of contents of relevant journals, and the addition of other relevant scientific articles that come to our attention. The entries in the database may not be exhaustive and new research will be added regularly. Nobel coronavirus investigators, the recognition of a nobel coronavirus as the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was certainly remarkable, yet perhaps not surprising. Advances in the biology of coronaviruses have resulted in greater understanding of their capacity for adaptation to new environments, transspecies infection, and emergence of new diseases. New tools of cell and molecular biology have led to increased understanding of intracellular replication and viral cell biology, and the advent in the past five years of reverse genetic approaches to study coronaviruses has made it possible to begin to define the determinants of viral replication, transpecies adaptation, and human disease. This summary will discuss the basic life cycle and replication of the well-studied coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), identifying the unique characteristics of coronavirus biology and highlighting critical points where research has made significant advances, and which might represent targets for antivirals or vaccines. Areas where rapid progress has been made in SCoV research will be described. Finally, areas of need for research in coronavirus replication, genetics, and pathogenesis will be summarized.

Bottom-up drivers of global patterns of demersal, forage, and pelagic fishes

Large-scale spatial heterogeneity in fisheries production is predominantly controlled by the availability of zooplankton and benthic organisms, which have a complex relationship with primary production. To investigate how cross-ecosystem differences in these drivers determine fish assemblages and productivity, we constructed a spatially explicit mechanistic model of three fish functional types: forage, large pelagic, and demersal fishes. The model is based on allometric scaling principles, includes basic life cycle transitions, and has trophic interactions between the fishes and with their pelagic and benthic food resources. The model was applied to the global ocean, with plankton food web estimates and ocean conditions from a high-resolution earth system model. Further, a simple representation of fishing was included, and led to moderate matches with total, large pelagic, and demersal catches, including re-creation of observed variations in fish catch spanning two orders of magnitude. Our results highlight several ecologically meaningful model sensitivities. First, coexistence between forage and large pelagic fish in productive regions occurred when forage fish survival is promoted via both favorable metabolic allometry and enhanced predator avoidance in adult forage fish. Second, the prominence of demersal fish is highly sensitive to the efficiency of energy transfer to benthic invertebrates. Third, the latitudinal distribution of the total catch is modulated by the temperature dependence of metabolic rates, with increased sensitivity pushing fish biomass toward the poles. Fourth, forage fish biomass is suppressed by strong top-down controls on temperate and subpolar shelves, where mixed assemblages of large pelagic and demersal fishes exerted high predation rates. Last, spatial differences in the dominance of large pelagics vs. demersals is strongly related to the ratio of pelagic zooplankton production to benthic production. We discuss the potential linkages between model misfits and unresolved processes including movement, spawning phenology, seabird and marine mammal predators, and socioeconomically driven fishing pressure, which are identified as priorities for future model development. Ultimately, the model and analyses herein are intended as a baseline for a robust, mechanistic tool to understand, quantify, and predict global fish biomass and yield, now and in a future dominated by climate change and improved fishing technology.

Nonconventional opponents: a review of malaria and leishmaniasis among United States Armed Forces.

As the United States military engage with different countries and cultures throughout the world, personnel become exposed to new biospheres as well. There are many infectious pathogens that are not endemic to the US, but two of particular importance are Plasmodium and Leishmania, which respectively cause malaria and leishmaniasis. These parasites are both known to cause significant disease burden in their endemic locales, and thus pose a threat to military travelers. This review introduces readers to basic life cycle and disease mechanisms for each. Local and military epidemiology are described, as are the specific actions taken by the US military for prevention and treatment purposes. Complications of such measures with regard to human health are also discussed, including possible chemical toxicities. Additionally, poor recognition of these diseases upon an individual’s return leading to complications and treatment delays in the United States are examined. Information about canine leishmaniasis, poorly studied relative to its human manifestation, but of importance due to the utilization of dogs in military endeavors is presented. Future implications for the American healthcare system regarding malaria and leishmaniasis are also presented.

Mathematical modeling the dynamics of Clonorchiasis in Guangzhou City of China.

In this paper, we have set up a mathematical model on the basic life cycle of clonorchiasis to fit the data of human clonorchiasis infection ratios of Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province in China from 2006-2012. By this model, we have proved that the condition of the basic reproductive number R₀>1 or R₀<1 corresponds the globally asymptotically stable of the endemic equilibrium or the disease-free equilibrium, respectively. The basic reproductive number is estimated as 1.41 with those optimal parameters. Some efficient strategies to control clonorchiasis are provided by numerical analysis of the mathematical model.

Progress Toward Integrated Pest Management of Pea Leaf Weevil: A Review

The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a significant pest of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in most temperate regions. Considerable research progress has been made towards understanding its basic life cycle, including flight patterns, plant host interactions, and geographic distribution throughout its native and invasive ranges in Europe and North America, respectively. Management tactics investigated include chemical insecticides and tillage, but less work has been done on biological control, host plant resistance, intercropping and trap crops. Future research should focus on better integration of tactics that utilize an ecostacking approach to maximize diversity at various scales to mitigate risks from insect pests and subsequently reduce the need for chemical interventions.

Demography of Conyza bonariensis (Asteraceae) in a ruderal Mediterranean habitat

Conyza bonariensis is an invasive weed of increasing importance in subtropical and warm-temperate regions worldwide, both in non-agricultural habitats and in annual and perennial crops, especially under no-till management. To gain insigths on basic life cycle processes determining the demographic success of C. bonariensis, we studied for this species during two seasons seedling emergence patterns, survival to the adult stage and fecundity in a ruderal Mediterranean habitat in which C. bonariensis was a component of the plant community. The influence of emergence date on survival and fecundity was studied using four successive sowing dates, i.e. cohorts, encompassing the favorable season for plant establishment. The mean rate of seedling emergence was 61%. Emergence patterns were characterized by high initial emergence rates, which were highly dependent on rainfall. The mean rate of survival to the adult stage was 33%. Fecundity reached a mean value of 86,066 achenes and presented density-dependent regulation.. Plant survival and fecundity were positively related to cohort earliness and thus earlier cohorts should preferably be targeted for an effective management of C. bonariensis.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in laboratory medicine: why, what, and how

In the era of precision medicine, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) will continue to have significant impact on laboratory medicine in spite of the inherent challenges posed by the technology. It seeks to explain what is clinical mass spectrometry , and describes its basic framework and life cycle. It concludeds the key points of clinical LC-MS through the practical experiences of CLSI guideline and Cleveland health care clinical mass spectrometry laboratory. It then illustrates the challenges of appropriately applying LC-MS to clinical diagnostics through comparisons with research based LC-MS utilizations. Furthermore, It attempts to elucidate the challenges and endeavors It has made toward implementing clinical LC-MS in China. Finally, It discusses the prospective future of LC-MS in clinical diagnostics.(Chin J Lab Med, 2017, 40: 737-734) Key words: Chromatography, liquid; Mass spectrometry; Clinical laboratory techniques

Life Cycle Model of Ultra High Toughness Cementitious Composites Exterior Walls

In order to research ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) economic rationality, this paper chooses the ultra high toughness cementitious composites thermal insulation wall as the research object, uses the study of life cycle method. Establish full life-cycle model with basic life-cycle economic evaluation principle. Evaluate its economic rationality. The results show that ultra high toughness cementitious composites facade has a longer life cycle than ordinary concrete wall. And their local repair costs are all the same, but their maintain frequencies are different. UHTCC facades facing layer does not require maintenance. The calculated models of the two walls are different.

Метод выбора модели жизненного цикла создания корпоративной информационной системы на основании количественной оценки требований к характеристикам системы и процессу ее создания

Approach to Corporate information system development in terms of its lifecycle is investigated in thearticle. The article is focused on the lack of a quantitative method of the lifecycle models of Corporateinformation systems selection and emerging resulting complexities. It is proposed to select a modelwith quantitative-based assessment of the mainsystem’s characteristics identified in the analysis ofthe properties of the basic lifecycle models, as wellas peculiarities of their use in projects on creationof Corporate information systems. Worked out in thearticle selection model, takes into account bonds between the requirements to lifecycle models throughquantitative and expert evaluation under conditionsof lack of information.