Basic Libraries Research Articles

Novel supply chain vulnerability detection based on heterogeneous-graph-driven hash similarity in IoT

Supply chain vulnerability (SCV) exists in third-party components (operating systems, basic libraries, etc.). These vulnerabilities do not exist in code written by ordinary developers, who unknowingly introduce them due to the use of third-party components, resulting in the software they developed being affected by these vulnerabilities. Compared with traditional devices, IoT devices have various architectures, and the security issues introduced by code reuse are prominent. This paper proposes PhG-vNet, an effective and efficient SCV detection approach for IoT devices based on heterogeneous-graph-driven hash similarity. PhG-vNet uses customized graph embedding to feature the pseudo-code and uses the heterogeneous graph neural network to extract the graph structure to binary hash embeddings. Then, PhG-vNet detects SCVs based on self-designed bit similarity with Bayesian weighted. Experiments show that PhG-vNet does not need expensive hardware requirements and has impressive low overhead and acceptable detection performance.

Նոր Ջուղայի հայկական գրադարանների մասին

Based on personal observations, we presented the libraries of New Jugha, which were created at three important bases. а) Educational center. In 1831, KhachaturKesaratsi opened a monastery school, on the basis of which many schools were created. At present, there are “Armen,” “Kananyan,” “Katarinyan” schools, the Department of Armenian Studies of the University. b) Typography. In 1637, Kesaratsi founded the first printing house in Persia, which printed educational, theological, moral, historical and folklore books. c) A book. The Armenians of Jugha listed the manuscripts and books they brought from their homeland, as well as the books printed in their new place of residence. Today there are three basic libraries in New Jugha: 1) the monastery library, 2) the state university library, 3) the “Ararat” union library, where there are also valuable dialectological monographs.

The inconsistency of documentation: a study of online C standard library documents

The C standard libraries are basic function libraries standardized by the C language. Programmers usually refer to their API documentation provided by third-party websites. Unfortunately, these documents are not necessarily complete or accurate, especially for constraint sentences of API usage, which are called Security Specifications (SSs). SS issues can prevent programmers from following obligatory constraints, which results in API misuse vulnerabilities. Previous work studying SS issues could only find certain types of inaccurate SSs through checking the compliance between API usage and existing SSs. Therefore, we propose a novel approach SSeeker for quickly discovering missing and inaccurate SSs through the inconsistency of semantically similar SSs. More specifically, SSeeker first completes broken sentences and discovers SSs from them by judging their constraint sentiment. Then SSeeker puts semantically similar SSs from different sources into a group, which can be used to discover missing or inaccurate SSs. With the help of SSeeker, we investigated 4 popular online third-party C standard library documents, studied their conformity with the C99 standard, analyzed their APIs and SSs, and discovered 92 prototype issues, 15 web page issues, and 96 SS issues.

A Methodology to Design Static NCL Libraries

The Null Convention Logic (NCL) based asynchronous design technique has interested researchers because this technique had overcome disadvantages of the synchronous technique, such as noise, glitches, clock skew and power. However, using the NCL-based asynchronous design method is difficult for university students and researchers because of the lack of standard NCL cell libraries. Therefore, in this paper, a novel flow is proposed to design NCL cell libraries. These libraries are used to synthesize NCL-based asynchronous designs. We chose the static NCL cell library to illustrate the proposed design solution because this library is one of the most basic NCL libraries. Static NCL cells in this library are designed based on the Process Design Kit 45nm technology and are implemented by the Virtuoso and the Design Compiler (DC) tool. In addition, the Ocean script and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) environment are used for supporting designs and simulations. A complete library of 27 NCL cells was designed to serve for study and research. We also implemented synthesis for NCL full adders using this library and compared our synthesis results with the results of other authors. The comparison results indicated that our results were a 20% improvement on power consumption.

Exploring the operation of a neural network using the example of handwritten digits recognition in an advanced informatics course using the python 3.8 programming language

The article discusses the possibility of including artificial intelligence topics in the informatics course at the level of secondary general education on the demonstration example of handwritten digits recognition using the Python 3.8 programming language and the TensorFlow package. A hands-on example of a classification problem using the classic MNIST (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) training example set is dealt with step-by-step.Most of the tools required for the work (language interpreter, basic libraries, and shell) are downloaded in the form of a single software distribution kit of Anaconda. The network is trained using different methods. When the model is trained, the optimization method, the loss function, and the metric for estimation are specified. Image processing by convolutional nets containing special layers, which "convolve" the image the way a bitmap filter does, is also demonstrated

SpinSPJ: a novel NMR scripting system to implement artificial intelligence and advanced applications

BackgroundSoftware for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers offer general functionality of instrument control and data processing; these applications are often developed with non-scripting languages. NMR users need to flexibly integrate rapidly developing NMR applications with emerging technologies. Scripting systems offer open environments for NMR users to write custom programs. However, existing scripting systems have limited capabilities for both extending the functionality of NMR software’s non-script main program and using advanced native script libraries to support specialized application domains (e.g., biomacromolecules and metabolomics). Therefore, it is essential to design a novel scripting system to address both of these needs.ResultHere, a novel NMR scripting system named SpinSPJ is proposed. It works as a plug-in in the Java based NMR spectrometer software SpinStudioJ. In the scripting system, both Java based NMR methods and original CPython based libraries are supported. A module has been developed as a bridge to integrate the runtime environments of Java and CPython. The module works as an extension in the CPython environment and interacts with Java via the Java Native Interface. Leveraging this bridge, Java based instrument control and data processing methods of SpinStudioJ can be called with the CPython style. Compared with traditional scripting systems, SpinSPJ better supports both extending the non-script main program and implementing advanced NMR applications with a rich variety of script libraries. NMR researchers can easily call functions of instrument control and data processing as well as developing complex functionality (such as multivariate statistical analysis, deep learning, etc.) with CPython native libraries.ConclusionSpinSPJ offers a user-friendly environment to implement custom functionality leveraging its powerful basic NMR and rich CPython libraries. NMR applications with emerging technologies can be easily integrated. The scripting system is free of charge and can be downloaded by visiting http://www.spinstudioj.net/spinspj.

Digitalization of production in Altium Designer software

A method for modeling and printed circuit board layout in the form of a 3D model in one of the digital solutions designed for this task, Altium Designer, is proposed. The practical significance of the work is the study of the basic software libraries in terms of their creation, filling and application when working with the project, as well as of the algorithm for constructing an electrical circuit in the Altium Designer program, layout and design of the simplest circuit on the board. In the course of the work, the algorithm and rules for creating a library of three-dimensional models of components, a library containing conditional graphic designations of the corresponding components, a schematic diagram of the device, a three-dimensional model of the board and the construction of conducting tracks on it are described. The components and circuits used in the work are publicly available on the Internet, which allows anyone to work over the entire algorithm for studying and honing the skills of designing printed circuit boards, both by students studying at a higher educational institution and by fully-fledged specialists. This work can be used not only for teaching students in the field of electronic device development in terms of their design and for organizing laboratory work, but also for creating and designing real devices both in production and within a higher educational institution, for example, for creating a laboratory bench. The introduction and study of this software is carried out at the Department of Radio-Electronic Systems and Complexes of one of the leading engineering universities of the Russian Federation — the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

A relational shape abstract domain

Static analyses aim at inferring semantic properties of programs. We distinguish two important classes of static analyses: state analyses and relational analyses. While state analyses aim at computing an over-approximation of reachable states of programs, relational analyses aim at computing functional properties over the input–output states of programs. Several advantages of relational analyses are their ability to analyze incomplete programs, such as libraries or classes, but also to make the analysis modular, using input–output relations as composable summaries for procedures. In the case of numerical programs, several analyses have been proposed that utilize relational numerical abstract domains to describe relations. On the other hand, designing abstractions for relations over input–output memory states and taking shapes into account is challenging. In this paper, we propose a set of novel logical connectives to describe such relations, which are inspired by separation logic. This logic can express that certain memory areas are unchanged, freshly allocated, or freed, or that only part of the memory was modified. Using these connectives, we build an abstract domain and design a static analysis that over-approximates relations over memory states containing inductive structures. We implement this analysis and report on the analysis of basic libraries of programs manipulating lists and trees.

Development of basic building blocks for cryo-EM: the emcore and emvis software libraries.

Image-processing software has always been an integral part of structure determination by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Recent advances in hardware and software are recognized as one of the key factors in the so-called cryo-EM resolution revolution. Increasing computational power has opened many possibilities to consider more demanding algorithms, which in turn allow more complex biological problems to be tackled. Moreover, data processing has become more accessible to many experimental groups, with computations that used to last for many days at supercomputing facilities now being performed in hours on personal workstations. All of these advances, together with the rapid expansion of the community, continue to pose challenges and new demands on the software-development side. In this article, the development of emcore and emvis, two basic software libraries for image manipulation and data visualization in cryo-EM, is presented. The main goal is to provide basic functionality organized in modular components that other developers can reuse to implement new algorithms or build graphical applications. An additional aim is to showcase the importance of following established practices in software engineering, with the hope that this could be a first step towards a more standardized way of developing and distributing software in the field.

Go-HEP: writing concurrent software with ease and Go

High Energy and Nuclear Physics (HENP) libraries are now required to be more and more multi-thread-safe, if not multi-thread-friendly and multi-threaded. This is usually done using the new constructs and library components offered by the C++11 and C++14 standards. These components are however quite low-level and hard to use and compose.However, Go provides a set of better building blocks for tackling concurrency: goroutines and channels. This language is now used by the whole cloud industry: docker/moby, rkt, Kubernetes are obvious flagships for Go. But to be able to perform any meaningful physics analysis, one needs a set of basic libraries (matrix operations, linear algebra, plotting, I/O, …) We present Go-HEP, a set of packages to easily write concurrent software to interface with legacy HENP C++ physics libraries.

Resonance parameter covariance representation: file32 versus file33

Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in error propagation studies are carried out based on nuclear data uncertainty information available in the basic nuclear data libraries such as ENDF, JEFF, JENDL and others. The uncertainty files (covariance matrices) are generally obtained from analysis of experimental data. In the resonance region, the computer code SAMMY is used for analyses of experimental data and generation of resonance parameters. In addition to resonance parameters evaluation, SAMMY also generates resonance parameter covariance matrices (RPCM). The intent of this paper is to discuss the use of the RPCM in contrast to the use of a cross section covariance matrix (CSCM) representation. For so, the resonance evaluation for 48Ti in the resonance range from 10−5 eV to 400 keV is used. The RPCM is translated into two distinct CSCM by using a coarser and a finer group structures. The results are presented and discussions of the feasibility of using these covariance representations are depicted.

SimplyNURBS: A Software Library to Model NURBS for Medical Applications

ABSTRACTCustom-fit products, such as artificial prostheses, often require the development of hoc modeling tools and procedures. In such a context, this paper describes an open source library, named SimplyNURBS, developed for NURBS modeling in medical and health-care domains. This new suite makes available a development kit that integrates the key features of existing open source libraries and new ones to fulfill the requirements of the considered domain. First, the paper introduces the library requirements with particular attention to the prosthetic field as well as pros and cons of current NURBS modeling libraries (both commercial and open sources). Then, the software architecture of SimplyNURBS and the basic libraries (e.g., OPENCASCADE and NURBS++) used for its implementation are illustrated enhancing differences and improvements. Finally, a socket modeling tool, named Virtual Socket Laboratory (VSL) developed using SimplyNURBS is described as well as results of tests carried out to evaluate the new sy...

Analysis and mitigation of seismic pounding of a slender R/C bell tower

Pounding is one of the greatest sources of seismic vulnerability of slender R/C structures, including civic or bell towers. An emblematic case study falling in this class of structures, i.e. a modern heritage R/C bell tower constructed in the early 1960s to replace the former 19th century tower of the Chiesa del Sacro Cuore in Florence, is analyzed in this paper. In order to assess the effects of pounding, a special multi-link viscoelastic finite element contact model was devised and calibrated in this study to reproduce Jankowski’s non-linear viscoelastic analytical model. Indeed, the damping coefficient of the latter is defined as a non-linear function of time, and thus it cannot be directly implemented in commercial calculus programs, because the damping coefficient of the damper elements included in their basic libraries is assumed to be a constant. The non-linear dynamic enquiry carried out by the finite element model of the bell tower and the church incorporating the multi-link viscoelastic contact elements shows that pounding affects the seismic response of the two buildings as early as an input seismic action scaled at the amplitude of the normative basic design earthquake level. Furthermore, unsafe stress states are highlighted for the columns of the tower under seismic action scaled at the maximum considered earthquake level. A damped-interconnection retrofit solution consisting in linking the two structures by means of a pair of pressurized fluid-viscous dissipaters is proposed to prevent pounding. The technical implementation details of this rehabilitation strategy are illustrated, and the benefits induced are discussed by comparison with the response in original conditions and in the hypothesis of a conventional rigid-connection retrofit intervention between the bell tower and the church.

An introduction to small scale reflection in Coq

This tutorial presents the Ssreflect extension to the Coq system. This extension consists of an extension to the Coq language of script, and of a set of libraries, originating from the formal proof of the Four Color theorem. This tutorial proposes a guided tour in some of the basic libraries distributed in the Ssreflect package. It focuses on the application of the small scale reflection methodology to the formalization of finite objects in intuitionistic type theory.

Covariance and sensitivity data generation at ORNL

Covariance data are required to assess uncertainties in design parameters in several nuclear applications. The error estimation of calculated quantities relies on the nuclear data uncertainty information available in the basic nuclear data libraries, such as the US Evaluated Nuclear Data Library, ENDF/B. The uncertainty files in the ENDF/B library are obtained from the analysis of experimental data and are stored as variance and covariance data. In this paper we address the generation of covariance data in the resonance region done with the computer code SAMMY. SAMMY is used in the evaluation of the experimental data in the resolved and unresolved resonance energy regions. The data fitting of cross sections is based on the generalised least-squares formalism (Bayesian theory) together with the resonance formalism described by R-matrix theory. Two approaches are used in SAMMY for the generation of resonance parameter covariance data. In the evaluation process SAMMY generates a set of resonance parameters that fit the data, and, it provides the resonance parameter covariances. For resonance parameter evaluations where there are no resonance parameter covariance data available, the alternative is to use an approach called the 'retroactive' resonance parameter covariance generation. In this paper, we describe the application of the retroactive covariance generation approach for the gadolinium isotopes.

SCHEMA: A Knowledge Edition Interface for Obtaining Program Code from Structured Descriptions of PSMs: Two Case Studies

The basic conjecture in this paper is that besides the basic libraries of tasks and problem-solving methods (PSMs), it is necessary to develop two complementary twin libraries. One of them consists of knowledge-acquisition schemas, as they are required by PSMs, and the other one contains those PSMs‘ reduction methods, from the knowledge level to the symbol level. In order to support this conjecture, we first describe the reduction method fundamentals based on hierarchical graphs representing the underlying computational model. Then we shall comment on the development of the SCHEMA interfaces by using this interface, we can directly obtain the program code, provided the task knowledge, PSM, and application domain are edited following the knowledge acquisition schemas by means of structured natural language sentences. This kind of editing unmistakably and in reversibly establishes the relationships with the underlying model. Since the reduction method links the underlying model with the program code, the reduction process is completed. Conversely, we can retrieve the underlying model graph and the knowledge-level model from the program code because of the reversibility of the reduction method. In order to make clear the reduction method and SCHEMA interface functioning from the user viewpoint, we shall apply them to a classification and diagnose generic task (Hierarchical Classification), which will be decomposed by using the “Establish and Define” PSM, and another task to carry out a plan, which will be decomposed by using the “act-check-decide” PSM. We shall finish this paper with a reflection on the knowledge-level modelling and the necessity of an increase of the available reduction methods and knowledge acquisition schemas which are included in our SCHEMA interface.

VLSI: linking design and manufacturing

A set of computer-aided design (CAD) tools that predict the effects of various manufacturing steps along with the chip's internal dimensions is described. Called the Process Engineer's Workbench, the system predicts the chip's characteristics, their statistical distribution, and the manufacturing yield likely from any one fabrication process. The tools are even sensitive to the small random variations that increase in significance as devices shrink in size. Workbench can be used to compare its programs' predictions and those of other software tools with actual measurements of devices and processes. Some existing CAD tools are reviewed to highlight the Workbench's advantages, and the features of the latter are examined. Written in C language for a Digital Equipment VAXstation, Workbench was designed to be portable and runs on several other popular workstations. It contains two basic libraries, namely, one of device models, the other of process step models. >

Obtaining assessment data on equally probable intragroup sections for protection calculations from basic libraries by the Monte-Carlo method

When designing the protection of nuclear apparatus by the Monte-Carlo method, the group-constant method often proves inadequate for the purpose. In such cases we need more detailed information on the interactions between the radiation and the material. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to use basic libraries of estimates directly, due on the one hand to the vast quantity of information on nuclear data, amounting sometimes to several million words for one isotope alone, and on the other hand to the limited capabilities of present day computers. This has had the effect of stimulating the search for new methods and approaches for preparing nuclear data that would enable us to solve problems connected with the degree of accuracy that can be achieved.