Basic Language Skills Research Articles

Virtual Field Trips Borobudur Temple Assisted with Songs in Stimulating Writing Skills of Descriptive Texts

Writing skills are crucial to basic language skills. However, observations in the field indicate that students' descriptive text writing skills are still low, especially in the aspect of content or ideas. This limitation makes it difficult for students to develop ideas, so the text does not provide enough information and description of the object. With this problem, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the virtual media field trip to Borobudur Temple, assisted by songs, in stimulating descriptive text writing skills. This quantitative research uses a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The research sample consisted of 52 students, with IV A as the experimental class and IV B as the control class, with each class totalling 26 students. The sampling technique used nonprobability sampling with saturated sampling. In the experimental class, special treatment was given, a virtual field trip to Borobudur Temple with the help of songs. In contrast, the control class only used conventional media such as pictures. Research data was collected using test techniques pretest and posttest. Then, the data analysis techniques using independent sample t-test, with the results in Sig. (2-tailed) 0.00<0,05 showing a significant influence of the virtual field trip media at Borobudur Temple assisted by songs on descriptive text-writing skills. This learning media is effective for stimulating descriptive text writing skills because it can inspire students to develop ideas based on virtual field trips and increase vocabulary through song lyrics to be translated into descriptive text.

How to Improve the High School Students' Foreign Language Enjoyment?

Foreign language enjoyment (FLE) has been the cornerstone of the recent positive psychology in foreign language (FL) learning movement. Introduced by Dewaele and MacIntyre (2014), FLE can be defined as a broad positive emotion experienced by FL learners when their psychological needs are met in the FL classroom. It represents the first foray into quantifying positive emotions in FL research since it was introduced in 2014. In recent years, many scholars have linked positive psychology with education and teaching to explore the impact of positive psychology on students' learning. As a language, English can be used not only to communicate but also to express feelings and thoughts. Highschool English teaching should not only let students master the basic language knowledge and skills, but also cultivate students' emotional values. However, high school English teaching has the characteristics of boredom, complexity and comprehensiveness, so many students show negative emotions in learning, and some students even have psychological problems. Therefore, the author in this study puts forward some ways to improve the FLE according to the characteristics of high school English.

Impacts of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) on Verbal Scores in Children With Autism: A Secondary Analysis of the HBOT Trial Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).

Introduction A secondary analysis employing advanced statistical methodologies constitutes a robust means of validating initial findings in systematic empiricism. The current research will undertake a secondary analysis of the impacts of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) on verbal behaviors in children with autism using the original dataset. This approach aims to enhance the robustness of the initial results, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the data and potentially uncovering additional insights. Materials and methods From January 2018 to July 2021, all cohorts of autistic children (n = 65) were scheduled, evaluated, and treated at The Oxford Center(TOC) in Brighton and Troy, Michigan, USA. Trained research assistants retrospectively extracted pretest and posttest data from electronic medical records from the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) and the Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills (ABLLS). This data collection focused on children with autism who received either non-HBOT control with Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) treatment only or ABA + HBOT interventions. For the VB-MAPP, the experimental group (ABA + HBOT) included 23 children, while the control group (ABA only) included 12 children. For the ABLLS, the experimental group (ABA + HBOT) consisted of nine children, compared to 21 children in the control group (ABA only). Demographic information was systematically summarized. Two independent sample t-tests were recomputed from the original study. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were conducted, followed by one-way Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) post hoc analyses to elucidate the findings. Results The ages in both groups ranged from 2 to 17 years (M = 5.7 years ± 3.08), with median ages of four years for the experimental group and five years for the control group. The p-values and effect sizes indicated that the two independent sample t-tests from the original study and the MANOVAs from the current research are in agreement. This concordance provided confirmatory evidence for the validity of the pretest and posttest differences in VB-MAPP and ABLLS scores for the control group (ABA only) and the experimental group (ABA + HBOT), highlighting the impact of HBOT on verbal scores in children with autism. Conclusions The results from the two independent sample t-tests from the initial study exhibited high alignment with those derived from the current study's MANOVAs. Both statistical methodologies were applied to the same VB-MAPP and ABLLS datasets. The convergence of results from these two distinct statistical analyses may reinforce the credibility of the original research findings. It supports the hypothesis that the combined ABA and HBOT intervention may offer additional benefits over ABA therapy alone, with verbal milestone behaviors in children with autism.

Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Hybridized Models in the Sustainable Integration of Language and Mathematics Skills: The Case of Singapore and Hong Kong

The four basic language skills, listening, speaking, reading, and writing play, a crucial role in the development of an individual’s skills in other disciplines. The current study aims to underpin the relationship between language skills and mathematics skills by focusing on the language and mathematics curricula of two consistently high-achieving countries, Hong Kong and Singapore, in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) rankings. In the current study, the convergent parallel mixed method was utilized that qualitative and quantitative data were composed together. Primarily, the outcomes of four language skills were determined in the native language teaching curricula of the two countries. The topics and themes related to four basic language skills were determined from the two mathematics curricula. The curricula were examined by document analysis from qualitative research methods. The analysis was conducted by examining the native language teaching and the mathematics curricula of both countries by the content analysis method. Later, the findings of the document analysis were used to develop machine learning models to find a possible positive relationship between language skills and the PISA scores. Although a number of previous studies have found a reasonable relationship between language skills and mathematics skills, the current study results were contradictory to the ones performed previously in the literature, and considering the curricula no positive relationship between the language and mathematics skills was found. The findings of the current study were further supported by the artificial neural network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model performance metrics. Compared to an acceptable level of 0.80, significantly low R2 values of 0.35 and 0.39 for the ANN and ANFIS models, respectively, indicated very little relationship between the language and mathematics skills.

Digital Storytelling and Critical Thinking: A Comparative Analysis Across Physical, Virtual, and Hybrid Learning Environments

This research investigates the promotion of critical thinking skills and the dissemination of knowledge through digital storytelling experiences within three distinct learning environments: physical, virtual and hybrid. Using a comparative analysis, the research examines the impact of each modality on critical thinking, focusing on the evaluation of six macro-indicators presented in (Poce, 2017): basic language skills, relevance, importance, argumentation, critical processing and novelty. The study involved students from the universities of Roma TRE, Modena and Reggio Emilia and Tor Vergata through three experiences: in presence tour , a virtual tour made via FrameVR (https://learn.framevr.io/) and an augmented reality application to provide educational content. The results indicate that digital environments significantly improve some aspects of critical thinking, particularly in terms of argumentative quality and creative engagement. The study also observes a marked improvement in knowledge retention, as evidenced by end-of-course evaluations, suggesting that immersive digital storytelling can mitigate the tendency for last-minute hoarding and promote long-lasting educational engagement. This research contributes to the pedagogical discourse on the effectiveness of digital storytelling and object-based learning in promoting critical and reflective thinking processes in students.

Application of Schema Theory in English Reading Comprehension Teaching in Senior High School

English reading is a basic language skill, and the level of English reading comprehension is directly related to the level of learners’ language ability. In recent years, the new curriculum standards and the new college entrance examination reform have put forward higher requirements for high school students’ English reading comprehension ability. However, English teachers pay much more attention to vocabulary, sentence patterns and grammar knowledge, and to some extent neglect the cultivation of the cultural knowledge, genre structure and reading strategies at present. English reading teaching based on schema theory emphasizes linguistic knowledge as the basis, activating the existing schema, enriching the background knowledge and grasping the discourse structure, so as to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the text. Therefore, this paper combines schema theory with English reading teaching, and analyzes how to effectively use schema theory to help students effectively read and improve their reading ability from three stages: before reading, while reading and after reading.

An Investigation of Teaching-Learning Process and Measurement and Evaluation in Elementary English Course Curriculum with the Communicative Language Approach (Teachers’ Views)

This study aimed to determine how teachers use the communicative language approach in the learning-teaching process and measurement-evaluation dimensions while implementing the 2018 Primary English Course (Grades 2-8) Curriculum. Embedded single case study design, one of the qualitative designs, was used in this study. The study group included 14 primary education English language teachers instructing different grades in public schools in Eskişehir, Turkey. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers and analyzed by content analysis. The findings demonstrated that communicative language approach could not be implemented in the classroom due to physical problems in the teaching-learning process, student reluctance and lack of readiness, teachers' initial failure to analyze the learner goals and styles, the lack of the predominant employment of the target language, partial inclusion of the activities determined by the communicative language approach in the course, preference of grammar instruction, partial utilization of group activities, the lack of using authentic materials, immediate correction of learner mistakes, inability to adopt the communicative language roles such as initialization of communication, providing resources and preference of traditional roles, and inability to measure the four basic language skills due to systemic measurement and evaluation errors.

The effectiveness of a training program based on the assessment of basic language and learning skills- revised tool ‘ABLLS-R’ in reducing stereotyped behaviors among children with autism spectrum disorder

This study investigates the efficiency of a developed training program based on ABLLS-R in reducing stereotypical behaviors among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The experimental approach is employed specifically the single experimental group. The study population consists of 7 children with simple ASD. A measuring stereotypical behaviors was developed which includes two dimensions (motor stereotypical and routine stereotypical behaviors), in addition, a training program based on the ABLLS-R is developed. The findings reveal statistically significant differences between the pre and post treatment of stereotypical behaviors among Jordanian children with ASD in favor of the post-treatment in terms of motor stereotypical behaviors and Routine stereotypical behaviors. The findings indicate that there is an impact and a direct effect on lessen stereotypical motor and routine behaviors among Children with ASD improvement rate (66.6%).

초임초등교사의 영어교사교육과 영어교수의 경험 및 인식

This study aimed to explore elementary teachers’ experiences and perceptions of English in-service teacher education and English language teaching. Fifty elementary English teachers took part in the survey. Of these, ten teachers were involved in the focus group research. Their interviews, reflection journals, and lesson observations and analyses were collected. Data were analyzed through a mixed-method approach, primarily qualitative with quantitative methods as needed. The results are as follows: First, novice teachers found that the provision of English courses in novice teacher training was insufficient, but they felt in-service teacher training, graduate programs, teacher learning communities, and mentoring helped improve their teaching abilities. Second, when teaching, novice teachers in the focus group concentrated on phonics and basic language skills and activity- and learner-centered instruction, and they developed effective materials in their English classes. They experienced difficulties teaching English in English and teaching students at different levels. However, they made progress through various trials and errors. Third, for the professional development of novice English teachers, suggestions were made in the areas of teacher education programs, teacher learning communities, schools and administrations, and policies on teachers and teacher education, as well as the novice teachers’ efforts. Significant implications concerning novice English teacher education will be explored in greater detail.

DEVELOPING A COLLOCATION LEARNING MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR ENHANCING ELF ORAL COMMUNICATION IN THAILAND

The significance of collocation in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) for oral communication has been largely neglected. This study aims to develop a collocation learning management model that would enhance the oral communication skills ofEnglish ELF university students in Thailand. The study provides insights. Initially, the main challenges discovered were content enhancement, limited activities and learning arrangements, low motivation, and non-cooperative conduct. A learning managementmodel for English collocations was also introduced to address the issues. The model's theoretical concepts, objectives, learning management phases, social system, reaction principle, and support system have been identified. Furthermore, the model improved students' listening, speaking, and basic language skills in higher education. Additional investigation is required to ascertain the enduring scholarly achievement of this model when combined with other pedagogical methodologies and its integration and practical application across all language skills for prospective utilisation in comparable educational settings.

Unlocking Social Growth: The Impact of Applied Behavior Analysis on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is significantly known as social interaction impairment that can be reduced through early school-age intervention. The quasi-experimental research design was used to examine the effect of applied behavior analysis treatment on ASD children's interpersonal skills. The researchers used a purposive sampling technique to select 30 participants who have symptoms of ASD, which were divided into two groups (control and experimental) without gender discrimination. The assessment of basic language and learning skills (ABLLS-R) protocol and portage guide of early education was used to develop a questionnaire comprising four factors. The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of students' interpersonal skills and the pretest and post-test scores of the experimental group. It is suggested that parents and therapists should develop a sharing ability among children with autism symptoms so they can understand social reinforcement.

노벨엔지니어링(Novel Engineering) 기반 생태환경교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 환경역량 및 인공지능 활용 태도 함양에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to develop a Novel Engineering-based practical and subject-centered ecological environment convergence education program (20 sessions) and apply it to 25 6th grade students to conduct a survey on environmental competency and awareness of artificial intelligence education before and after class to determine what kind of results. The purpose is to see if there is a change. The results of the study showed that the Novel Engineering-based ecological environment education program had a positive impact on the development of elementary school students' environmental capabilities and their awareness of artificial intelligence education. The results of the environmental competency survey showed significant differences in all areas of reflection and insight, use of environmental information, creative problem solving, environmental sensitivity, communication and conflict resolution, and environmental community competency, and positive attitudes toward thoughts and career paths toward artificial intelligence technology. It is significant that environmental education can be applied in the regular curriculum and that a convergence program containing not only engineering and digital elements, but also humanities and arts elements has been developed to foster the basic language and digital skills emphasized in the 2022 revised curriculum. Based on this study, there is a need to construct a variety of Novel Engineering-based ecological environment education programs for all elementary school students in the future. In addition, follow-up research on a diverse Novel Engineering-based ecological environment education program that combines digital and artificial intelligence elements will be necessary through analysis of various subjects in the ecological environment.

Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual Learning Model in Improving Vowel Pronunciation for 3rd Class Deaf Students

The ability to pronounce vowels in deaf students is still low, the indications are the occurrence of replacement, addition, and even the omission of phonemes. On the other hand, there is the unpreparedness of the teacher in setting the right model and method during articulation exercises, ignoring the basic receptive and expressive language skills of deaf students, allegedly as a form of teacher failure in practicing articulation both during individual and classical learning. For this reason, it is necessary to have a learning model that can accommodate the needs of deaf students to articulate correctly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the SAVI (Somatic Auditory Visual Intellectual) learning model in improving the pronunciation of vowels in class III deaf students. The approach used in this research is quantitative with the type of experimental research in the form of SSR (Single Subject Research) with ABA design. Data was collected using Observation and Treatment Tests carried out on one deaf child. The results of the study were that in the baseline-1 condition, the intervention increased by a value of 73.33, the intervention in Baseline-2 decreased by a value of 60.83, and although the intervention in Baseline-2 experienced a decrease, the data obtained was much better than the baseline-1, which was 26.66. In conclusion, the Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual learning model affects improving the pronunciation of vowels in Deaf Students. For this reason, teachers must pay attention to and develop sensory modalities in deaf students in an integrated and holistic way in learning articulation.

Migration and natives' inequality: Evidence from Italian local labor markets

AbstractUsing individual data from the Italian Labor Force Survey, we investigate the impact of immigration on the Gini index and the percentile ratio (p90/p10) at the household level within Labor Market Areas (LMAs) in Italy from 2008 to 2018. To identify the effect of immigration we construct a composite index based on demographic and occupation‐related characteristics that captures the degree of similarity between immigrants and natives across LMAs. This approach addresses the limitations of the standard cell segmentation method and allows us to estimate the impact of immigration on the entire distribution of natives' earnings. To address endogeneity concerns we use an instrument proposed by Card, which exploits the tendency of immigrants to migrate to areas with a pre‐existing group of immigrants of the same ethnicity. Our findings show that immigration reduces income inequality among natives and the effect is larger in those LMAs where the degree of similarity between immigrants and natives is higher. We also find that immigration has a positive effect on natives' labor income in occupations that require language skills, while the effect is not significant in low/no skilled jobs that only require basic language skills, or highly skilled jobs where interaction between immigrants and natives is limited.

We Read but How: Research on Reading and Reading Comprehension Skills

Reading and reading comprehension skills are among the most basic language skills. Therefore, these skills should be acquired at an early age. Although there are studies in terms of reading in Türkiye, it was seen that reading comprehension skills are insufficient in the exams. This study investigated how reading and reading comprehension activities were carried out at the primary school level and how this situation reflected on students. This study was designed as a case study to reveal the subject to be examined in depth. The participant group of this study, which was carried out at the primary school level, consisted of 207 students and eight primary school teachers. Data were collected from students with a reading comprehension test and teachers with a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained from the achievement test are presented descriptively. The interviews with the teachers were analyzed by content analysis. According to the data obtained, it was seen that the teachers preferred the reward method in gaining the habit of reading, and they carried out activities that would improve the students' cognitive skills for their reading comprehension skills. The result that 70.53% of the students in the research made the profound understanding question wrong was also a remarkable situation.

DEVELOPMENT OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION SKILLS OF FOREIGN COMMUNICATORS (LEVELS B1) USING AUTHENTIC VIDEO MATERIAL FROM YOUTUBE FOR VYSHYVANKA DAY

Listening comprehension is both a goal and a means in the educational activities of foreign language learners, as it builds listening skills and enhances the effectiveness of acquiring communicative competence. It also stimulates their receptive abilities. Consequently, the creation of didactic materials and audio-video content, along with exploring new methods and techniques for their use, remains a critical area in linguodidactics. These materials should be of high quality to facilitate the professional development of future professionals and assist in adapting adapting to new life circumstances. This article presents a model for organizing listening comprehension training for students in preparatory departments using authentic audio and video material available on YouTube. The selection and usage of this material are thoroughly justified. Methodological recommendations regarding the implementation of exercises that enhance the ability to understand foreign language texts are also developed and detailed.The described system of working with audio material aligns with the functional and communicative methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language and facilitates reflection and the updating of the students’ background knowledge of Ukrainian culture and language skills. It is important to note that foreign students are allowed to commence their educational activities at various times according to the Admission Procedure for Foreign Citizens, necessitating a holistic approach to the learning process and adaptation for groups that have already developed basic language and speech skills. Mastering listening comprehension is notably challenging in learning a foreign language, requiring deliberate, consistent effort and the meticulous selection of materials. Effective results in Ukrainian language acquisition can only be achieved through regular listening practice in the classroom. This article employs methods such as analyzing scientific literature, justifying the choice of educational materials, generalizing and systematization.

Does Attitude towards Grammar Affect High-Level Reading Comprehension Skills?

Grammar is a learning area that functionally contributes to effective language skills. The aim of grammar instruction is the acquisition of the four basic language skills based on Turkish language rules. Reading skill, a lingual comprehension skill, aims accurate structuring of the ideas of the author of a text by the reader. The present study aimed to determine the possible effects of the attitudes towards grammar on high-level reading comprehension skills (HLRCS) based on certain variables (gender, final Turkish language course grade, and parental education level). In the current quantitative study, data were collected with the Grammar Attitude Scale and the High-Level Reading Comprehension Test (HLRCT). The study group included 427 8th grade middle school students. In the study, the regression analysis conducted to determine the causality between the Grammar Attitude Scale and HLRCT scores, revealed significant findings. Grammar attitude explained 4% of the variation in the HLRCT scores. Grammar attitude improved the achievements in high-level reading comprehension.

Unlocking the Secrets of Arabic Learning: Implementing the Al-Syamiyyah Al-Syafahiyah Method as an Effective Alternative in Schools and Islamic Boarding Schools

This research aims to analyze the contribution of the Al-Syamiyyah Al-Syafahiyyah method as a suitable foundational strategy in basic Arabic language learning. The study is motivated by the limited understanding within the education community regarding Arabic language teaching methods. The qualitative approach with descriptive analysis is used, analyzing various selected literature to answer and support the findings. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Al-Syamiyyah Al-Syafahiyyah method is a strategic approach that should be implemented in basic Arabic language learning. However, it is essential to consider both the strengths and weaknesses of this method, as not all aspects may be effectively implemented. This research sheds light on the significance of the Al-Syamiyyah Al-Syafahiyyah method as a valuable tool in Arabic language education and emphasizes the need for further exploration and refinement of language teaching approaches. By understanding and implementing this method effectively, educators can enhance the learning experience and proficiency of students in basic Arabic language skills.

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR BAHASA PRANCIS TINGKAT A1 BIDANG RESTORAN DAN DAPUR DI POLTEKPAR LOMBOK

Language is a verbal communication tool used by humans to convey ideas and desires. There are four language skills, they are (1) listening, (2) speaking, (3) reading, and (4) writing. French terminology is widely used in tourism and hospitality, especially in the areas of restaurants and kitchens. Examples: à la carte (single menu), gueridon service (chef serving guests cooking in front of guests using a pushcart), banquet, croissant (typical French bread shaped like a crescent moon), baguette (typical French bread shaped like a stick), chef (head cook), and so on. Until this date, France is the ancestor and is famous for its culinary centres and restaurants. A significant problem that needs to be addressed regarding French learning at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok is the unavailability of A1 level French textbooks on restaurant and kitchen. The French books that are available are general French, while a French textbook specifically for restaurants and kitchens is highly needed. The methodology used in this study is Research and Development (R&D). In the 2022 research, the author has conducted research on analyzing the need for textbooks to be developed. The author analyzed the needs by interviewing four sources, including: students at the Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok, Food and Culinary Arts study program, French lecturers at Universitas Negeri Medan and at Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Pariwisata (PTNP) of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Barekraf, and hotel industry based adjunct lecturers at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok. The author's 2023 research focuses on developing A1 level French textbooks based on the need analysis from the four sources. The data obtained from developing textbooks is in the form of material that can be directly applied in restaurants and in the Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok practical kitchen. The textbook contains simple conversations supported by colorful pictures, YouTube links to watch videos or audio, and four basic language skills and vocabulary practice. The textbook has also been assessed by expert validators from lecturers who teach French in hotels and restaurants. The conclusion of the research and development of A1 level French textbooks on restaurant and kitchen at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok is that the textbook can be used in two study programs, namely the Food Management and Culinary Arts study programs at Politeknik Pariwisata Lombok

Latent profiles as predictors of response to instruction for students with reading difficulties.

The program code developed by others is appropriately cited in the text and listed in the references section. The raw and processed data on which study conclusions are based are not available. The statistical syntax needed to reproduce analyses in the article is available upon request. The methods section provides references for the materials described therein. We report how we determined our sample size, all data exclusions, all manipulations, and all measures in the study, and we follow APA Style Journal Article Reporting Standards. This study's design, hypotheses, and data analytic plan were not pre-registered. Prior research supports the need for elementary-aged students with reading difficulties (RD) to receive explicit systematic small group evidence-based reading instruction. Yet for many students, simply receiving an evidence-based reading instruction in a small group setting is insufficient to reach the progress milestones needed to meet grade level reading standards. The current study examined whether: (1) elementary school students with RD constitute a homogeneous or heterogeneous groups when considering their basic language and cognitive skills (using a latent profile analysis), and (2) if latent profiles are predictive of response to reading comprehension instruction (using a mixed modeling approach). The sample consisted of 335 students, including students with RD and typical students (n = 57). The results revealed heterogeneity within students with RD - there were two distinct profiles, with one having higher basic language (reading fluency and decoding) and cognitive (verbal domain productivity, cognitive flexibility, working memory) skills and lower attention skills, and the other having stronger attention skills and lower basic language and cognitive skills. The findings also suggested that latent profiles were predictive of response to reading comprehension instruction. Our results provide a convincing argument for leading the field in the direction of developing customized interventions. It is conceivable, but remains to be further examined, that researchers and educators could potentially improve reading outcomes through providing a customized reading intervention to a student based on their cognitive-language profile.