Basic Human Need Research Articles

Social connection in long-term care homes: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators

BackgroundSocial connection is a basic human need and is essential to quality of life. It is associated with better mental and physical health outcomes for long-term care (LTC) home residents and is a key aspect of quality of care and person-centred care. There are considerations for LTC homes that may present obstacles to and opportunities for social connection. It is therefore important to understand what restricts or enables good social connection in LTC homes, to guide better quality care and future interventions in this population. This qualitative study aims to identify barriers and facilitators to social connection for LTC residents.MethodsWe used thematic analysis to describe themes derived from individual and group qualitative interviews from 67 participants (18 residents, 17 staff members and clinicians, 32 family members and friends) recruited from LTC homes in the United Kingdom and Canada.ResultsThemes were grouped into four categories: (1) becoming familiar with life in the LTC home to support social connection; (2) physical and virtual access beyond the LTC home as strategies to maintain contact; (3) getting to know residents to deepen relationships; (4) person-centred approaches to build social connection. ‘Becoming familiar with life in the LTC home to support social connection’ described the benefits of counteracting the institutionalized feel of LTC homes, enabling LTC residents to spend time in meaningful ways, and increasing freedom of mobility around the home. ‘Physical and virtual access beyond the LTC home as strategies to maintain contact’ related to the benefits of outings, providing support with technology, and involving family and friends in LTC home life. ‘Getting to know residents to deepen relationships’ related to the benefits of using routine care and interactions as opportunities for social contact, using family and friend knowledge as a resource, and fostering resident relationships. ‘Person-centred approaches to build social connection’ included considering physical, mental, cognitive, and sensory impairments, accounting for adjustment and sociability, using communal spaces well, and prioritizing psychosocial needs.ConclusionsThis study identifies barriers and facilitators to social connection for LTC residents which can be addressed in care policies, staff selection and training, and can inform policies and interventions to build and maintain social connection in LTC homes.Clinical trial numberclinicaltrials.gov ID NCT05315960.

The VECM implementation for measuring the impact of monetary variables on Indonesia Property Prices Index

The basic human need for housing makes property investment safer than other sectors because demand tends to be stable despite changing economic conditions. The decision to invest is influenced by various aspects, including economic variables, including GDP, property credit growth, non-performing loans (NPLs), interest rates, exchange rates, and money supply, which are then examined for their influence on the Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) in Indonesia through this research using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with quarterly data from 2003 to 2022. The findings show that GDP, interest rates, and money supply have a significant long-term impact on the RPPI. In the short-term, GDP and property credit growth have a negative impact on RPPI, while NPL and exchange rate do not. Causality tests indicate a bidirectional relationship between NPL and GDP with RPPI, with probability values exceeding 0.05. This study provides valuable insights into the monetary factors affecting residential property prices and suggestions for future research. AcknowledgmentThe authors gratefully acknowledge Ahmad Dahlan University for the support and facilities provided in conducting this research. They also greatly appreciate the academic resources that supported the data collection process and careful analysis of our findings. Besides, the authors express their gratitude to Bank Indonesia and Badan Pusat Statistik for their invaluable contribution to the data used in this research.

Special research on well-being and earning of rice farmers in Laos: Survey of Official Development Assistant (ODA) projects and economic analysis

Farmers in rural areas can only earn revenue from rice farming which rice farming supports their better lives. Agricultural knowledge is a potential incentive for promoting well-being. This paper was survey research, there were two sections: 1) the author utilized an econometric approach to analyze the earnings of farmers from 10 provinces from 2017–2021; there were 1120 farmers involved in the survey; 2) the author used an economic evaluation approach to analyze effectiveness and efficiency of ODA by using data from 1110 farmers in 2018; 1205 farmers in 2019; and 1330 farmers in 2020. ODA is Instrumental Variables (IV) in the mincer model, ODA promotes agricultural knowledge for farmers, and of course, agricultural knowledge promotes revenue for farmers. The 2SLS and maximum likelihood are essential for the quartic function of mincer. Evaluation approaches from OECD/DAC and PCAP/JICA were utilized to compare the results of well-being indicators called basic human needs (BHN). According to the results of this study, the earnings of farmers who joined ODA projects were higher than the earnings of farmers who did not join ODA projects. The result of the economic evaluation approach found ‘ineffectiveness’; on the other hand, the author could find the efficiency of ODA projects. Finally, the recommendation is that the government policy on BHN should be consistently linked to the ODA program made by both the government and donors. Certainly, BHN policy for farmers who are minorities is necessary such as providing rice fields to be utilized for free, this will lead to chances for farmers to enhance their well-being from rice production.

Performance analysis of the FB-PLL applied to real time monitoring of deep sleep brainwaves

Repose is indispensable for the human body, one of its main functions being to replenish energy. During sleep, the body's important restorative activities are performed by the organism, which is a basic human need. With awareness of the dimension that sleep represents and the need to improve its quality, the importance of monitoring in real time becomes evident. Based on this, the fast fourier transform is a technique capable of obtaining characteristics of a signal, such as its frequency, as well as being able to be applied to sleep waves. However, to have a good use, a considerable number of sample experimental cycles is necessary, which demands a certain computational effort. In this sense, this work we sought to apply the Phase-Locked Loop technique. Thus, a Fourier-based synchronization algorithm is proposed to track low-frequency brain waves during sleep. It is also worth noting that this method is capable of performing the estimates in just one cycle. Therefore, the objective is to obtain the estimated curve referring to the frequency and an efficient synchronization algorithm that is able to track deep sleep in real time.

Psychological Needs in the Built Environment

We assume that the built space—as part of the physical environment—has the power to affect basic human need fulfillment. Accordingly, we investigated how design features of the built space within a physical environment contribute to this effect. In two studies, we used computer-aided design to manipulate the degree of privacy, clutter, and biophilia as well as color temperature of the environment in study spaces, then measured need fulfillment (total N = 314). In Study 1A, participants (N = 260) felt more inclined to enter private study environments than nonprivate ones and felt more competent, autonomous, and related to others in private environments. Some participants (n = 227) continued on to Study 1B, in which they preferred to enter warm, cluttered, biophilic environments and felt more competent, autonomous, and related to others in warm and cluttered environments. In Study 2 (N = 54), we investigated the effects in a virtual reality office setting. The participants indicated that they felt more competent, autonomous, and related to others in more cluttered environments than in empty ones. At the same time, they felt more related to others in biophilic environments compared to nonbiophilic environments. The findings provide the first evidence that the built environment affects need fulfillment.

Environmental Topics in Contemporary Croatian Dystopian Proseand Prose with Dystopian Elements

Important ecological topics: climate change, pollution of air, water and soil, extinction of plant and animal species and food as a basic human need are in the corpus of dystopian texts and those with dystopian elements. The dystopian component in all of them belongs to the second wave of dystopian fiction (Matus 2009: 7). The corpus consists of a novella “White Promenade” (“Bijela promenada”, 2016) by Ed Barol and eight novels: Battlefield Istria (Bojno polje Istra, 2007) by Danilo Brozović, Centimeter from the Happiness (Centimetar od sreće, 2008) by Marinko Koščec, 2084: House of Great Misery (2084: Kuća Velikog Jada, 2012) by Ivo Balenović, Planet Friedman (2012) by Josip Mlakić, Romeo at the End of the History (Romeo na kraju povijesti, 2015) by Aljoša Babić, War for the Fifth Taste (Rat za peti okus, 2015) by Veljko Barbieri, Dedivination (Dedivinacija, 2018) by Jelena Hrvoj, and Crab’s Children (Rakova djeca, 2019) by Dalibor Perković. The theoretical perspective in the paper is ecocritical: aspects of the relationship between man and the nature that surrounds him are investigated, i.e. to what extent man perceives nature and its inhabitants as equal to himself. The last chapter gives an insight into the results and solutions that some authors offer as a way out of cataclysmic situations, and the meaning and efficiency of these solutions are valued from an ecocritical point of view.

Malnutrition Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Gynecology and Obstetric Patients

Aim: Nutrition was a prerequisite for a healthy life, a basic human need, and a fundamental human right. The aim of this descriptive study is to examine the risk factors for malnutrition in obstetrics and gynecology patients and the relationship between malnutrition and clinical outcomes. Subjects and Method: The research was carried out in a Gynecology and Obstetrics Branch Hospital between 30.10.2018 and 01.06.2022. The research sample consisted of patients who were assessed for malnutrition risk using the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) form during the specified dates and had severe risk of malnutrition in all of the patients (risk score of ≥3, case group, n=82). An equal number of patients with mild/moderate malnutrition risk (score=1 and 2) and patients without risk were randomly selected using a computerized randomization process. General health, obstetric, admission characteristics, and laboratory findings were compared between the groups. A statistical significance level of p<0.05 was accepted. Results: According to NRS-2002, the mean malnutrition risk score scores were 0.64±0.8 in the mild/moderate malnutrition risk group and 3.71±0.90 in the severe malnutrition risk group. The median age and body mass index of the group with a severe risk were higher and lower, respectively (p<0.05). The median length of hospital stay, weight loss, occurrence of surgical procedures, presence of infection, and presence of an oncological diagnosis were significantly higher in the group with a severe risk of malnutrition group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: When evaluating women for malnutrition, care should be taken in case of age, length of hospital stay, weight loss, surgical procedure, presence of infection and oncological diagnosis. In case of impaired laboratory findings and normal body mass index value, it is important not to ignore the evaluation and to perform a comprehensive evaluation.

EmPATHs - A serious board game to raise awareness and empathy towards vulnerable-to-exclusion groups in mobility

IntroductionSocial inequalities are a day-to-day problem experienced by the most vulnerable populations. In mobility, a basic human need, these inequalities can translate into lower accessibility to basic needs and social exclusion. The mobility barriers and needs of vulnerable-to-exclusion (v2e) groups have been documented in the literature, however, issues on accessibility, empathy and awareness strategies and people's attitudes remain. Serious games —fun teaching tools— have been successfully applied in urban/transport planning and have also been used to increase empathy and prosocial behavior. Despite the application of serious games in multiple fields pertinent to this study, the pressing mobility and accessibility issues faced by vulnerable populations have not been addressed in any serious game to date. This study focuses on creating and evaluating a serious board game (EmPATHs) to raise awareness and empathy towards v2e groups among various stakeholders while being fun at the same time. MethodIn this case, the goal of the game is to reach as many destinations as possible by playing different v2e personas. The winner of the game is the player who has reached the most destinations at the end with different v2e personas. EmPATHs targets university students from mobility-related programs, the general public, practitioners and decision makers from related fields. The game was created following a four-step iterative design process involving four categories of participants' groups, namely, frequent board game players (gamers) and experts on accessibility, mobility justice, and serious games. The game's evaluation was based on the answers of 26 players and focused on characteristics of serious games and the main goal of the game. The evaluation methodology included close-ended questions to assign a score from 1 to 5 to the established criteria and open-ended questions to complement with the quantitative results. Results & conclusionsThe participants considered EmPATHs to be a fun (4.4/5 score) and engaging (4.5/5 score) game, with a medium difficulty level (2.5/5 score) and which does not evoke frustrating feelings (2.0/5 score). The participants acknowledged learning more in-depth about barriers of v2e people (4.5/5 score) and recognized the game's capacity to raise awareness (4.5/5 score). They also felt more likely to empathize with v2e groups after the game (4.5/5 score). Future applications of the game can be expected to be in teaching contexts, public mobility-related events, and workshops with stakeholders from the planning and designing field.

Evaluation and development of the clean water distribution network in Pancang Village, North Sebatik District, Nunukan Regency

Background: Rapid population growth and the large number of residential developments go hand in hand with the increasing need for clean water, especially drinking water. Basically, a city's development plan is closely related to the availability of clean water in the area, because clean water is a basic human need that is very important to fulfill. However, several consumers in certain villages which are part of the PDAM North Sebatik branch pipe network service area do not receive a clean water supply. With this research, it is hoped that it can provide alternatives/solutions in solving clean water problems, especially for the Pancang Village area, North Sebatik District. Methods: The data needed in this study is data on the population of Sei Pancang Village, North Sebatik District for the last 5 years, data on PDAM customers for the last 5 years, data on clean water needs, data on clean water sources and reservoir volume, as well as map data on the clean water distribution network. The evaluation technique used in this study uses the method with the largest correlation calculation, namely the arithmetic method. The clean water distribution network map will be evaluated using epanet software. Findings: The results of this research are that the population of Sei Pancang Village, North Sebatik District in 2022 will be 5250 people and projections for the number of residents and customers for the next 10 years show that the population will increase to 7018 people. Conclusion: Water use in the development plan year, namely 2023, in the residential area of Sei Pancang Village, North Sebatik District, includes, among other things, an average daily need of 9,045 lt/s, a maximum daily need of 10,402 lt/s, and a peak hour need of 13,568 lt/s. Meanwhile, in 2032 water demand will increase, with an average daily demand of 11,697 lt/second, a maximum daily demand of 13,451 lt/second, and a peak hour demand of 20,177 lt/second. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study develops a predictive model integrating demographic, climate, and infrastructure data to project water demand and optimize distribution. This model can be applied across regions to improve water management efficiency.

Implementation of the right to health through vaccination

Health is regarded as a basic human need Health is a fundamental right recognized in various international human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a global public health pandemic on January 30, 2020. Based on the data collected, there are still members of the community who have not received the Covid-19 Booster vaccine even though it is urgently given as an antiviral. Therefore, as part of an effort to increase the coverage of vaccination, it is necessary to implement a Covid-19 public dedication as the fulfilment of the right to health. The method of community-based participatory research (Community Based Participatory Research, CBPR) is implemented. The results of the vaccination activities carried out at Tanjungpura University Faculty of Law can contribute to the vaccine coverage that exists in the community. As for the number of participants of the activity was 172 (one hundred seventy-two) people consisting of 117 (a hundred seventeen) students and 61 (sixty-one) the general public. In addition, there are students and members of the community who have not received the Covid-19 Booster Vaccine while the delivery is very urgent as an anti-virus, even there are those who have never received the vaccine at all.

Technical Analysis Using 100 Percent Palm Kernel Shell as Fuel in Circulation Fluidized Bed Boiler Type

Energy is a basic human need that has increased in use. Given the limited energy resources, it is necessary to manage energy appropriately and efficiently. Energy efficiency not only has an impact on reducing production costs, but also on reducing emissions. As a concrete step to support the government's net zero emission program by 2060, the company is trying to use alternative biomass fuels, namely: palm kernel shell. The purpose of this study is to conduct a technical and economic analysis of the use of 100 percent palm kernel shells as fuel in a circulation fluidized bed boiler type power plant. This research was conducted at power plant unit 2 of PT XYZ, located in Cilegon, Banten Province. The parameters measured are limited to boiler efficiency, thermal efficiency, and heat rate. The results showed that when using palm kernel shells, boiler efficiency decreased 0.47 percent, thermal efficiency decreased 0.24 percent, and heat rate increased 22 kcal/kWh or 0.76 percent. By considering of three operational parameters (boiler efficiency, thermal efficiency, and heat rate) it can be concluded that technically the use of 100 percent palm kernel shells as fuel in the plant is feasible. There is no major impact on boiler performance regarding the transition of coal to palm kernel shells. The impact of long-term use of palm kernel shells on equipment is beyond the scope of this research.

Social infrastructure, social cohesion and subjective wellbeing

Neighborhood physical places that bring people together, referred to as social infrastructure, form the foundation of communities. Studies suggest that by facilitating social encounters, social infrastructure can enhance sense of social cohesion and belonging and may also improve subjective wellbeing. Yet the extent to which wellbeing benefits are mediated through increased social cohesion and belonging is less understood. Drawing on data collected in March 2022 from a nationally representative sample of 1000 Australian adults aged over 18 years, we use mediated regression analysis to examine the extent to which the link between social infrastructure and subjective wellbeing is mediated by perceived social cohesion and belonging. Our findings reveal that social cohesion and belonging partially mediate the relationship between proximate social infrastructure and wellbeing. Our findings go beyond previous studies that note the importance of walking or greenspaces for social interaction and cohesion to demonstrate that social and wellbeing benefits can be accrued across a suite of ordinary neighborhood places when the social context is perceived as cohesive. The results highlight the capacity for ordinary places such as shops and cafes to contribute to social cohesion during everyday activities and facilitate subjective wellbeing by satisfying the basic human need to belong.

Aspek Hukum Pengaruh Transformasi Digital Terhadap Praktik Telemedicine Di Indonesia

Health is a basic human need that continues to increase along with the progress of the times. Technological advances and lifestyle changes have led to a variety of new diseases, increasing the need for health services. Indonesia, with the fourth largest population in the world (272,229,372 people) and 10.14% of the population poor in 2021, faces significant health challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the situation by limiting access to health services. Barriers to access, unequal distribution of services, and a shortage of doctors hinder efforts to realize the welfare of citizens as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. However, advances in information and communication technology have brought significant benefits in the health sector. Information technology has had a major impact on health and medicine, enabling the rapid, efficient, and accurate dissemination of information. One important development is the practice of telemedicine, which offers innovative solutions in health care.

Promoting and Sustaining Sexual Health as a Health Resource in Prisons - A Scoping Review

Sexual health is a neglected topic in prisons, even though sexual health is a basic human need that includes physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects. There is limited knowledge concerning how to promote and sustain the sexual health of prisoners. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of sexual health promotion as a health resource in prisons. By conducting a scoping review, we searched for sexual health-promoting activities, approaches or experiences from prisons globally. The findings included sexual health interventions covering conjugal visits and sexual health promotion through education and collaboration. There are connections between mental health and sexual health for prisoners, and sexual health also influences quality of life. In conclusion, it is evident that there is a significant imperative for further research, interventions and measures in this domain to ensure holistic rehabilitation for prisoners.

Menumbuhkan Gaya Hidup Sehat Sejak Dini Melalui Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, Dan Kesehatan

A healthy lifestyle is a basic human need that is important to be nurtured from an early age through physical education, sports and health (PJOK). This study aims to explore effective methods to instill healthy habits in primary school students. Using a qualitative approach, this study reviewed literature from various sources to identify the best strategies for teaching healthy lifestyles. The results showed that storytelling, FGDs, ice-breaking, and the use of appropriate learning media are very effective in increasing students' understanding and motivation about the importance of a healthy lifestyle. In addition, physical education plays an important role in shaping students' understanding and behavior towards a healthy lifestyle through a curriculum that is integrated with physical activity. Families and communities also play an important role in supporting these efforts by providing a supportive environment and good role models. The main challenges in instilling healthy habits are resistance to change and the influence of unhealthy habits from the environment. Proposed solutions include consistency in setting good examples, variety of healthy foods, and cooperation between educators and parents.

Temperature exposure and sleep duration: Evidence from time use surveys

The Earth’s climate is projected to warm significantly in the 21st century, and this will affect human societies in many ways. Since sleep is a basic human need and part of everyone's life, the question of how temperature affects human sleep naturally arises. This paper examines the effect of daily mean temperature on sleep duration using nationally representative Hungarian time use surveys between 1976 and 2010. Compared to a day with an average temperature of 5–10 °C, colder temperatures do not influence sleep duration. However, as daily mean temperatures rise, sleep duration starts to strongly decline. The effect of a hot (>25 °C) day is −13.3 minutes, but if preceded by a few other hot days, the effect is even stronger, −24.7 minutes. The estimated sleep loss is especially large on weekends and public holidays, for older individuals, and men. Combining the estimated effects with temperature projections of twenty-four climate models shows that the warming climate will substantially decrease sleep duration. The projected impacts are especially large when taking into account the effects of heatwave days. This study also shows that different groups in society are likely to be affected in significantly different ways by a warming climate.

Analysis of Consumer Considerations Regarding Disaster Risk in Making Residential Choice Decisions in Padang City

Considering that the city of Padang is the capital city of West Sumatra province which apart from being the center of government, is also the center for economic activities, education, trade and other informal sectors, the need for housing for the community needs attention. Because proper housing is a basic need for humans to carry out life and daily activities. The geographical condition of the city of Padang is in the area along the earthquake path following the 6,500 km subduction zone to the west of Sumatra Island. Apart from earthquakes, there are many disasters that have the potential to occur in the city of Padang such as tsunamis, landslides, floods, flash floods, tornadoes, and others. These potential disasters must be considered by consumers in making decisions in choosing housing that is appropriate and has a small disaster risk. The purpose of this research is to identify the reasons for consumers in making decisions about choosing housing in the city of Padang and also to analyze consumer considerations regarding disaster risk in making decisions about choosing housing in the city of Padang. The study was conducted on 60 respondents with 33 indicators which were divided into six general variables, namely price, location, building architecture, ease of transportation, environmental facilities and infrastructure and psychology then two disaster risk variables, namely disaster-free locations and building structures. In this study, the most influential variables in consumer decision making in choosing housing in the city of Padang sequentially were disaster-free locations, building structures, building architecture, environmental facilities and infrastructure, psychology, price, location and ease of transportation. And also the six general variables regarding consumer considerations in making decisions on choosing housing in Padang City simultaneously or as a whole have an influence on the two disaster risk variables studied, namely disaster-free locations and building structures.

An Evaluation of Performance of Indigenous Chicken and Irish Potato Value Chains by Smallholder Farmers under Kopia Project in Meru County, Kenya

Adequate, nutritious and safe food is a basic human need. A bilateral project on food security was implemented in Meru County with support from the Republic of South Korea and the County government of Meru between January 2020 and December 2022. The ordinary two-year handover period is ending in December 2024. Its objective was to improve the performance of indigenous chicken and Irish potato value chains among smallholder producers. Despite the existence of high demand for both Indigenous chicken and Irish potatoes, market supply remains low. A stratified sampling method was used to identify 4 Indigenous chickens, Ng’onyi, Mbaria, Ntalami, and Kangeta, and 2 Irish potatoes, Katheri and Murungurune villages, to serve as models. Two hundred practising farmers were selected from each village. All the farmers identified inadequate knowledge, poor genetic materials (Indigenous chicken and Irish potato), high disease incidences, and poorly developed market structures as the main challenges they faced. A training hall was constructed in each of the six model villages and equipped with a computer, a printer, and a monitor. Each chicken-keeping village had a hatchery unit, and those growing potatoes had a potato storage unit constructed and equipped. Egg incubators and Hatchers were provided to the Indigenous chicken-keeping villages. A motorcycle to assist lead-farmer movement was provided to each model village. A curriculum with 22 areas and another one with 20 units were developed to train the Indigenous chicken keepers and Irish potato farmers, respectively. Each curriculum included both technical and non-technical aspects. A total of 73, 837 day old Improved Indigenous chicks were equitably supplied to all the four model villages, with 41600 day old chicks procured from Kenya agriculture, livestock research organization (KALRO) and 32237 locally hatched. A total of 51 tonnes of assorted clean-seed potatoes were procured and supplied to the farmers. The total annual revenue from eggs (tray) rose from Ksh15583.3 before intervention to Ksh133588.7 after intervention. The quantity of eggs sold in trays increased from 54.4 to 193.7, while those sold in pieces increased from 482 to 969. The number of hens sold increased from 17 to 29, and that of cocks sold doubled from 15 to 30. However, all the variable cost components increased during the intervention period. Broilers Mash witnessed the biggest increase in cost by 217.6% from Ksh 1358.9 before intervention to Ksh 2956.5. Despite a rise in the total variable cost by 213%, the average annual gross margin rose from Ksh.7092 to Ksh 91523. The Irish potato farmers had an increase of 192 % in weight (Kg/acre) of total tubers, with production rising from 8711 to 16711 Kg. The potato farmers had a 75.4% increase in household incomes, and their gross margins increased by 76.9 %. The potato farm gate prices increased by 28.57%. After interventions, the potato farmer's gross margin recorded an increase from Ksh. 9 566.5 to 16927.4, translating to a 77% increase. The average total seasonal production increased from 1,394.5 Kg to 2,120.5 Kg. The revenue received from potatoes per season increased from Ksh.46855.2. to Ksh.91605.6 per season. The increase in revenue was a result of the increase in the quantity produced and the price per kg. From the results above, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Indigenous chicken and Irish potato value chains project helped to improve production and household incomes. It is recommended that policy-makers adopt this model village approach in all the agricultural-based value chains.

The CARE System in Its Importance in Dealing with Today's Crises1.

The CARE system is a gift from Mother Nature, we have it in our biological heritage; it enables us humans-as a basic gift-to help each other in a large, life-serving context, and thus also to counterbalance destruction. It is about a basic human ability, linked to typical behaviour, but also about a basic human need for connectedness. In this paper, I would like to show how the CARE system can be activated as a collective attitude. The CARE system is strengthened by positive emotions. We are currently being affected by many crises and this triggers fear. How can we deal with this better? Fear is countered with hope and the associated positive emotions such as joy, awe, kama muta and others. These emotions and feelings can be consciously encouraged and placed alongside the feelings of fear. But also, when we share the feelings of grief with each other, it triggers an attitude of CARE. We can grieve together for the various experiences of loss that we go through-but we can also imagine together how we envisage a future that is worth living for everyone. An attitude in the sense of CARING has been practised in friendship for thousands of years. It would therefore be possible to move away from an attitude of competing and outdoing, to an attitude not only of recognition, care, and solidarity in human interaction, but also in our connection with nature.

The CSR program of PT Kalbe Farma Tbk in Providing Clean Water in Wonogiri, Central Java

The CSR program of PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, which provides clean water to Wonogiri in Central Java, has been running since 2013. Clean water is a basic human need and crucial for health and community welfare, daily activities, and productivity. Therefore, efforts are needed to meet the clean water needs of the community in Wonogiri, Central Java. This CSR program focuses on the sustainability of the health sector by considering economic, environmental, and health aspects, as well as social and administrative aspects (ESG). This research aims to understand how the CSR program of PT Kalbe Farma Tbk is implemented to provide clean water in Wonogiri, Central Java. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative approach and a case study as a research method to explain the implementation of the program. The provision of clean water by PT Kalbe Farma Tbk has proven to improve the surrounding community's welfare, health, and economic development. PT Kalbe Farma Tbk implements CSR programs as a sustainability initiative in the health sector, considering economic, environmental, social, and governance aspects (ESG).